The Effectiveness of Integrating Narrative Therapy and Emotion-Focused Couple Therapy on Marital Adjustment and Depression in Infertile Couples
Subject Areas : Psychologyebrahim nameni 1 , Maliheh Mirzaei 2 * , Hossein Keshavarz Afshar 3 , zahra farazi 4
1 - 1. Associate Professor of Counseling, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
2 - 2. Associate Professor of Counseling, Faculty of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 - 3. Ph.D. in Counseling, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran.
4 - 4. Ph.D. in Counseling, Faculty of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: Narrative therapy, couple-emotion therapy, marital adjustment, depression, infertility,
Abstract :
The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of combining the two narrative and couple therapy methods of emotion-focuses therapy to reduce depression and increase the marital adjustment of infertile couples. The method of this study semi-experimental and pre-test, post-test and follow-up with the control group, which was conducted on 30 infertile couples in Birjand in 2017. Individuals were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 pairs in each group). In order to analyze the data, analysis of covariance, repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used. The results showed that the combination of narrative therapy and emotion-oriented couple therapy had a significant effect on marital adjustment and depression in the experimental group compared to the control group (p> 0.01). It should be noted that the effect of the treatment is maintained after two months (p 0.01). Considering the effectiveness of combining two methods of narrative therapy and emotion-oriented couple therapy on depression and marital adjustment, the combination of these two methods can be a good option for clients who consult counseling centers to receive effective treatment.
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Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology
ISSN (Online): 2676-5128
Spring 2025, Vol26, No. 1(Continuous No. 99), PP: 1-20
Research Article https://doi.org/10.71629/JSRP.2025.895228
The Effectiveness of Integrating Narrative Therapy and Emotion-Focused Couple Therapy on Marital Adjustment and Depression in Infertile Couples
Ebrahim Nameni1, Hossein Keshavarz Afshar21, Zahra Farazi3, Malihe Mirzaei4
1. Associate Professor of Counseling, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
2. Associate Professor of Counseling, Faculty of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3. Ph.D. in Counseling, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran.
4. Ph.D. in Counseling, Faculty of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Received: 11 Aug 2021 Accepted: 30 Nov 2021
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of combining the two narrative and couple therapy methods of emotion-focuses therapy to reduce depression and increase the marital adjustment of infertile couples. The method of this study semi-experimental and pre-test, post-test and follow-up with the control group, which was conducted on 30 infertile couples in Birjand in 2017. Individuals were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 pairs in each group). In order to analyze the data, analysis of covariance, repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used. The results showed that the combination of narrative therapy and emotion-oriented couple therapy had a significant effect on marital adjustment and depression in the experimental group compared to the control group (p> 0.01). It should be noted that the effect of the treatment is maintained after two months (p 0.01). Considering the effectiveness of combining two methods of narrative therapy and emotion-oriented couple therapy on depression and marital adjustment, the combination of these two methods can be a good option for clients who consult counseling centers to receive effective treatment.
Keywords: Narrative therapy, couple-emotion therapy, marital adjustment, depression, infertility
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Infertility, which affects approximately 8 to 12 percent of couples, is associated with significant psychological consequences such as depression, anxiety, guilt, shame, and reduced self-esteem (Borght & Wyns, 2018; Ussher & Perz, 2019). These issues tend to be more severe in women and may lead to psychological disorders such as obsessive-compulsive symptoms, aggression, and even psychosis (Taghavi & Fathi Ashtiyani, 2009). Studies have shown that infertile couples experience lower quality of life and more damaged marital relationships compared to fertile couples (Monga et al., 2004; Valiani & Abedian, 2015). Given the bidirectional interaction between depression and marital discord, psychologists have proposed various therapeutic approaches to alleviate these issues. One of the most effective methods is Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT), which focuses on identifying, expressing, and restructuring fundamental emotions within the relationship. Research has shown that this approach not only reduces symptoms of depression but also significantly enhances marital satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, couples' resilience, and individual adjustment (Denton et al., 2003; Shafi Abadi et al., 2010; Davaie Markazi et al., 2021). By creating a safe space for emotional expression, EFT helps couples manage conflicts more constructively.
In addition, Narrative Therapy, as a complementary approach, enables individuals to establish a new relationship with their problems by retelling and reinterpreting the story of their lives, thereby deriving different meanings from their experiences. Narrative Therapy has been particularly effective in the cognitive and meaning-making dimensions of relationships, and it has been reported to reduce depression, increase marital satisfaction, improve communication patterns, reduce tendencies toward divorce, and enhance couple commitment (Ball et al., 2011; Boostan et al., 2008; Ghodsi et al., 2018). Combining these two approaches can provide a comprehensive and effective intervention—both emotionally and cognitively—for treating couples struggling with depression and marital problems
Methodology
The method of this study was quasi-experimental with a pretest, posttest, and follow-up design along with a control group. The statistical population included infertile couples residing in Birjand in 2017, who had at least 10 years of shared life and had referred to the women's clinic due to infertility. Sampling was purposive, and 30 couples with the highest marital maladjustment and symptoms of depression were selected and randomly assigned into two groups: experimental (15 couples) and control (15 couples). Inclusion criteria were presence of depression and marital conflicts, willingness and commitment to attend therapy sessions, and absence of severe psychological or physical disorders. The research instruments included the Beck Depression Inventory and the Spanier Dyadic Adjustment Scale, which were administered separately to husbands and wives in three stages (pretest, posttest, and follow-up). The scores of each couple were combined and analyzed based on the total scores.
Result and Discussion
In this study, repeated measures covariance analysis and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) were used due to their suitability with the research hypotheses.
To evaluate the hypothesis regarding the effectiveness of the combined narrative therapy and emotionally focused couple therapy on depression in infertile couples, a univariate repeated measures covariance analysis was performed. The results indicated a significant reduction in depression scores among participants in the experimental group compared to those in the control group, after controlling for pre-test scores (F = 38.78, p < 0.0001, effect size = 0.59, power = 1). This finding suggests that the integrative therapy significantly alleviated depressive symptoms in infertile couples.
In examining the hypothesis related to the impact of the combined therapies on marital adjustment, a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was conducted. The findings revealed that, after adjusting for pre-test scores, participants in the experimental group showed significantly higher scores in all components of marital adjustment—including agreement (F = 39.79, p < 0.0001, effect size = 0.62), emotional expression (F = 32.94, p < 0.0001, effect size = 0.57), cohesion (F = 144.84, p < 0.0001, effect size = 0.85), and marital satisfaction (F = 17.40, p < 0.0001, effect size = 0.42)—compared to the control group. These results highlight the broad effectiveness of the intervention in improving couples’ relational quality.
In explaining the effectiveness of Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy (EFT) in improving marital adjustment and reducing depression among couples, it can be stated that this approach, by focusing on emotions and attachment needs, helps couples with communication problems to engage in transparent discussions about their needs and feelings instead of engaging in power struggles (Johnson, 2008). In therapy sessions, couples learn to identify maladaptive patterns from the past and develop more secure and responsive interactions. This process increases emotional accessibility between partners and decreases feelings of hopelessness and depression. These findings are consistent with the study by Khojasteh Mehr, Shiralinia, Rajabi, and Beshlideh (2013), which demonstrated the effectiveness of EFT in reducing depressive symptoms and improving emotional regulation among distressed couples.
Narrative therapy can enhance marital adjustment and reduce depression in infertile couples by helping them identify and reconstruct dominant life narratives influenced by broader socio-cultural structures. Through the stages of externalization (deconstructing the problem), reconstruction (developing alternative, positive stories), and consolidation (integrating these narratives into everyday life), individuals gain greater responsibility for preferred narratives and recover overlooked positive experiences. This therapeutic process enables couples to redefine their relationships with themselves, their history, and others, fostering a more hopeful and less problem-saturated future.
Conclusion
Based on the aforementioned points, the application of this intervention was able to guide the clients in the experimental group toward more individualized and liberating narratives, in contrast to dominant maladaptive narratives. Achieving these new narratives was made possible through the clients’ own sense of responsibility. Considering these findings and the effectiveness of Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy (EFT) in regulating the emotions of couples—along with the use of alternative narratives instead of maladaptive past stories—it can be concluded that integrating the emotionally focused and narrative approaches has a significant effect on improving marital adjustment and reducing depression in couples.
Author Contributions
All authors contributed equally to all stages of the research, including the design, data collection, analysis, writing, and final revision of the manuscript.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
Ethical considerations
This study was conducted in accordance with ethical guidelines for research involving human participants.
Acknowledgment and Funding
The authors sincerely thank all individuals who contributed to the completion of this research. This study did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies, institutions, or organizations.
Publisher: Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch
[1] * Corresponding Author email: keshavarz1979@ut.ac.ir 
دانش و پژوهش در روانشناسي كاربردي
شاپا الکترونیکی: 5128-2676
بهار 1404، سال 26، شمارۀ 1 (پياپي 99)، صص: 20-1
مقاله پژوهشی https://doi.org/10.71629/JSRP.2025.895228
اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻖ دو روش رواﻳﺖدرﻣﺎﻧﻲ و زوج درﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻴﺠﺎن- ﻣﺪار ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ و اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ زوﺟﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﺑﺎرور
ابراهیم نامنی1، حسین کشاورز افشار21، زهرا فرازی3، ملیحه میرزایی4
1. دانشیار مشاوره، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران
2. دانشیار مشاوره، دانشکده روانشناسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
3. دکترای مشاوره، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مشهد، مشهد، ایران.
4. دکترای مشاوره، دانشکده روانشناسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
دریافت: 20/05/1400 پذیرش: 09/09/1400
چکیده
ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ تلفیق دو روش روایت درمانی و آﻣﻮزش زوج درﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻴﺠﺎن ﻣﺪار ﺑﺮسازگاری زناشویی و افسردگی زوﺟﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﺑﺎرور اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻃﺮح ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﻧﻴﻤﻪ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ و از ﻧﻮع ﭘﻴﺶآزﻣﻮنـﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن و ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮي ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻮد. . جامعه آماری ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ زوﺟﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻴﺮﺟﻨﺪ در ﺳﺎل ١٣٩٦ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﻧﺎزاﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﻨﻴﻚ زﻧﺎن و زاﻳﻤﺎن ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻴﺮﺟﻨﺪ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ و ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ زﻧﺎن و زاﻳﻤﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان زوﺟﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﺑﺎرور ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ١٠ ﺳﺎل از زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺸﺘﺮك آﻧﻬﺎ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻮد. تعداد ٣٠ زوج ﻛﻪ داراي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ و ﻋﻼﺋﻢ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، به صورت نمونهگیری در دسترس اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ در دو ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ (١٥زوج) و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل (١٥زوج) ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ اﺑﺘﺪا زوﺟﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ اﺳﭙﺎﻳﻨﺮ (Spanier, 1976) و اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ ﺑﻚ (BDI-II, 1961) ﭘﺎﺳﺦ دادﻧﺪ، ﺳﭙﺲ اﻓﺮاد ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ١٢ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ آﻣﻮزش ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ در ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻫﺮ دو ﮔﺮوه در ﻳﻚ ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮي دو ﻣﺎه ﻣﻮرد ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﺠﺪد ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ داده ﻫﺎ از آزﻣﻮن ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ وارﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮيﻫﺎي مکرر اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد، ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻖ دو روش درﻣﺎﻧﻲ رواﻳﺘﻲ و زوج درﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻴﺠﺎن- ﻣﺪار ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ و اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ زوﺟﻴﻦ ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ زوﺟﻴﻦ ﮔﺮوه ﻛﻨﺘﺮل داﺷﺖ (٠١/٠.(p‹ همچنین ، ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎري اﺛﺮ درﻣﺎن ﺑﻌﺪ از دو ﻣﺎه ﺣﻔﻆ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ (٠١/٠. (p‹
واژهﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي: رواﻳﺖ درﻣﺎﻧﻲ، زوج درمانی هیجانمدار، سازگاری زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ، اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ، ﻧﺎﺑﺎروري.
مقدمه
ﻧﺎﺑﺎروري ﻳﻜﻲ از نگرانیهای ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ در ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺎﺑﺎروري ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺪم ﺣﺎﻣﻠﮕﻲ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﭘﺲ از ١٢ ﻣﺎه راﺑﻄﻪ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ و ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﻧﺸﺪه، ﻣﺸﺨﺺ میشود. ﺷﻴﻮع ﻧﺎﺑﺎروري در ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ ﺟﻬﺎن ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ زده میشود ﺑﻴﻦ ٨ ﺗﺎ ١٢ درﺻﺪ زوجهای داراي ﺳﻦ ﺑﺎروري در ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ ﺟﻬﺎن ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ روﺑﻪ-رو ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ .(Borght & Wyns, 2018) ﻧﺎﺑﺎروري میتواند ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﺑﺮ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ و ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ اﻓﺮاد درﮔﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ آن، ﺑﮕﺬارد .(Ussher, J. M. & J. Perz, 2019) ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل ﻧﺎﺑﺎروري ﻣﺸﻜﻼت روانشناختی ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي در ﺳﻄﻮح ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ و ﻫﻴﺠﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﺮد ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد میآیند .(Besharat, Lashkari & Rezazadeh, 2015) ﻧﺎﺗﻮاﻧﻲ در ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻣﺜﻞ بهطور ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ میتواند ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﺣﺴﺎس ﺷﺮم، ﮔﻨﺎه، اﻧﺪوه، ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ، ﻋﺼﺒﺎﻧﻴﺖ و اعتمادبهنفس ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺷﻮد؛ اﻳﻦ اﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎت ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ درﺟﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ از اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ ، اﺿﻄﺮاب ، ﭘﺮﻳﺸﺎﻧﻲ و ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺷﻮد؛ ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد ﺷﻴﻮع ﻧﺎﺑﺎروري اﻛﺜﺮ زﻧﺎن ﻧﺎﺑﺎرور ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻳﺎ دوﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ اﺷﺘﺮاك نمیگذارند، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ آسیبپذیری رواﻧﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ .(Rooney & Domar, 2018 & Pozza, Dettore & Davide, 2019) ﻧﺎﺑﺎروري ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ ﺑﺤﺮان ﻣﻄﺮح ﻣﻲﺷﻮد و زﻧﺎن ﻧﺎﺑﺎرور، اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ ، ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺎت ﺟﺴﻤﻲ، وﺳﻮاس و اﺟﺒﺎر، اﺿﻄﺮاب، ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ در رواﺑﻂ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ، روانﭘﺮﻳﺸﻲ، اﻓﻜﺎر ﭘﺎراﻧﻮﻳﻴﺪي ، ﭘﺮﺧﺎﺷﮕﺮي و ﺗﺮس و ﻣﺮدان ﻧﺎﺑﺎرور ﻧﻴﺰ اﺿﻄﺮاب و ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺎت ﺟﺴﻤﺎن ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﺑﺎرور دارﻧﺪ .(Taghavi & Fathi Ashtiyani, 2009)
ﻳﻜﻲ از واﻛﻨﺶﻫﺎي رواﻧﻲ ﺷﺎﻳﻊ در ﻧﺎﺑﺎروري، اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ اﺳﺖ. اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ واﻛﻨﺸﻲ اﺳﺖ رواﻧﻲ-زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺣﺴﺎس ﻳﺄس و ﻧﺎاﻣﻴﺪي، ﻧﺎراﺣﺘﻲ، ﻏﻤﻨﺎك ﺑﻮدن، ﻓﻘﺪان ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﻧﮕﻴﺰه و اﻣﻴﺪ، ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ و ﺑﺪﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻫﻤﺮاه اﺳﺖ .(Etkinson, Nolen Hoksema & Smith, 2016) ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس پژوهشهای اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه، زوﺟﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﺑﺎرور ﺷﻴﻮع ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي از ﻋﻼﺋﻢ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ و اﺿﻄﺮاب را در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻧﺸﺎن میدهند (Maroufizadeh et al, 2008). ﻧﺎﺑﺎروري اﻏﻠﺐ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺒﺎرزه ﺳﺎﻛﺖ اﺳﺖ؛ ﻣﻴﺰان اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ در اﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻤﺎران ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﺎراﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻼ شدهاند ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ .(Rooney & Domar, 2018) ﻧﺎﺑﺎروري ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ را ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان قابلتوجهی ﻛﺎﻫﺶ میدهد ( Valiani & Abedian, 2015 & Monga, Alexandrescu, Katz, Stein, .(Ganiats, 2004 پژوهشهای ﺑﺴﻴﺎري ﻧﺸﺎن داده اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲداري ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ و ﻣﺸﻜﻼت زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ وﺟﻮد دارد. (Maroufizadeh et al, 2008) زوﺟﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﺑﺎرور ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﺑﺴﻴﺎري روﺑﻪرو ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه در ﻛﺸﻮر زوﺟﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﺑﺎرور اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ، اﺿﻄﺮاب و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ ( Abbasi, Gharlipour, Rahbar, (Arsang-Jang, Ebraze, Kazazlou, 2018؛ اﺣﺴﺎس ﻓﻘﺪان ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ و ﻃﺮد ﺷﺪن ( Karimi et al, (2016 و ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﺟﻨﺴﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي (Bokaie, Simbar, Yassini Ardekani, Alavi, 2017) را ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ.
ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ دو ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪي اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ و ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ، رواﻧﺸﻨﺎسﻫﺎ روﻳﻜﺮدﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻞ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﻣﻄﺮح ﻛﺮدهاﻧﺪ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن داده اﺳﺖ زوجدرﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻴﺠﺎنﻣﺪار در ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ و اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ رﺿﺎﻳﺖ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ زوﺟﻴﻦ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺴﻴﺎري دارد Denton, Burleson, & Dessaulles, Johnson, Denton, 2003) .(Clark, Rodriguez, Hobbs, 2000 ردﻳﺎﺑﻲ و اﻧﻌﻜﺎس واﻗﻌﻴﺖﻫﺎي ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻲ دروﻧﻲ و ﭘﺎﺳﺦﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﺮدي، اﺳﺎﺳﻲﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت در روﻳﻜﺮد ﻫﻴﺠﺎن ﻣﺪار اﺳﺖ؛ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ روﻳﻜﺮد ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﻪ زوجﻫﺎي ﻣﻀﻄﺮب در رﻓﻊ آﺳﻴﺐﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻣﻮﻓﻖ اﺳﺖ (Denton et al, 2000) ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل در ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ رﺳﺘﻤﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران (Rostami, Taheri, Abdi, Kermani, 2004) اﻧﺠﺎم دادﻧﺪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد زوج درﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻴﺠﺎنﻣﺪار ﺑﺮ افزایش رﺿﺎﻳﺖ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ زوﺟﻴﻦ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ؛ همچنین رویکرد هیجان مدار بر افزایش رضایت جنسی زوجین (Shafi Abadi et al, 2010 )، افزایش تابآوری زوجین در شرایط ناسازگار ((Davaie Markazi, Karimi, Goodarzi, 2021 و سازگاری فردی زوجین Sheidanfar, Navabinejad, Farzad, 2020)) اثرگذار بوده است.
ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ آﻧﭽﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ روﻳﻜﺮد ﻫﻴﺠﺎن ﻣﺪار ﺳﻌﻲ دارد اﺑﺮاز ﻫﻴﺠﺎﻧﺎت را ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ي درﺳﺖ و ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ زوﺟﻴﻦ آﻣﻮزش دﻫﺪ. ﺑﻪﻛﺎرﮔﻴﺮي روﻳﻜﺮد دﻳﮕﺮي در ﻛﻨﺎر اﻳﻦ روﻳﻜﺮد ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺖﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻫﺪاف درﻣﺎن ﻛﻤﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روشﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻓﺮاد در ﻣﻮرد روﻳﺪادﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﻪ رواﻳﺖ داﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﻲﭘﺮدازﻧﺪ، ﺑﻴﻨﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ در ﻣﻮرد ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ رواﺑﻂ آﻧﻬﺎ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ. رواﻳﺖ درﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺮاد ﺑﺮاي ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﺸﺎن از راه درﮔﻴﺮ ﺷﺪن در ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮﻫﺎي درﻣﺎﻧﻲ اﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﻔﺘﻦ، ﮔﻮش دادن، دوﺑﺎره ﮔﻔﺘﻦ و دوﺑﺎره ﺷﻨﻴﺪن داﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ روﻳﻜﺮد اﻓﺮاد را ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن اﺻﻠﻲ زﻧﺪﮔﻲﺷﺎن و ﻣﺸﻜﻼت را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎي ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ اي از اﻓﺮاد ﻣﻲﺑﻴﻨﺪ و اﻋﺘﻘﺎد دارد اﻓﺮاد داراي ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎ، ﺑﺎورﻫﺎ، ارزشﻫﺎ و ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ در ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﺛﺮات ﻣﺸﻜﻼت در زﻧﺪﮔﻲﺷﺎن ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ و راﻫﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻬﻢ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ اﻧﺴﺎن ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ .(Priscilla, 2001) در ﻫﻤﻴﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ، ﺑﺎل، ﻣﻴﺸﻞ، ﻣﺎﻟﻬﻲ، ﭼﻴﻠﻜﻮرم و اﺳﻤﻴﺖ (Ball, Mitchell, malhi, Skillecorem & smith, 2011) ، در ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ اي ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ رواﻳﺎت رواﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ زوﺟﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ رﺳﻴﺪﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ رواﻳﺖ درﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﮔﺮوﻫﻲ در ﻛﺎﻫﺶ آﺳﻴﺐﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ و ﺟﺎﻧﺸﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮدن راﻫﻜﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎراﻧﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت زﻧﺪﮔﻲ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. مطالعات داخلی نیز نشان داده است زوج درمانی گروهی با رویکرد روایت مدار بر افزایش رضایت زناشویی (Boostan et al, 2008)، کاهش گرایش به طلاق (Ghodsi, Barabadi, Heydarnia, 2018)، بهبود الگوهای ارتباطی زوجین (Moslemi, Aghaei, Shabani, 2017) و بهبود تعهد زناشویی و رضایت جنسی زنان متاهل (Taghiyar, Pahlavanzadeh, 2019) اثربخش بوده است؛ پژوهش نظیری، قادری و زارع (2010) نیز نشان داد روایت درمانی در کاهش افسردگی زنان موثر بوده است.
در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪد ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ از اﻳﻦ رواﻳﺖﻫﺎ، اﻓﺮاد را در درك و ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠﺸﺎن ﻳﺎري داد و از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ روﻳﻜﺮد ﻫﻴﺠﺎنﻣﺪار ﺑﻪ در اﺑﺮاز ﻫﻴﺠﺎﻧﺎﺗﺸﺎن ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﺮد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻨﻮانﺷﺪه ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ اﻳﻦ دو روﻳﻜﺮد از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ در ﻛﻨﺎر ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻗﺮار ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻧﺪ و از ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﻧﺎﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ زوﺟﻴﻦ و در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ آﻧﺎن ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﻔﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺎس ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ دو روش رواﻳﺖ درﻣﺎﻧﻲ و زوجدرﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻴﺠﺎن- ﻣﺪار ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ و اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ زوﺟﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﺑﺎرور اﺳﺖ.
ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از:
١. ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ دو روش رواﻳﺖ درﻣﺎﻧﻲ و زوجدرﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻴﺠﺎن- ﻣﺪار ﺑﺮ کاهش افسردگی زوجین نابارور تاثیر معنادار دارد.
2. ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ دو روش رواﻳﺖ درﻣﺎﻧﻲ و زوجدرﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻴﺠﺎن- ﻣﺪار ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ زوجین نابارور تاثیر معنادار دارد.
روش پژوهش، جامعه آماری و نمونه: روش اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﺪاف و ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ آن، ﻧﻴﻤﻪ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮح ﭘﻴﺶ آزﻣﻮن، ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن و ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮي ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻮاه ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ زوﺟﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻴﺮﺟﻨﺪ در ﺳﺎل ١٣٩٦ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﻧﺎزاﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﻨﻴﻚ زﻧﺎن و زاﻳﻤﺎن ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻴﺮﺟﻨﺪ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ و ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ زﻧﺎن و زاﻳﻤﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان زوﺟﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﺑﺎرور ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ١٠ ﺳﺎل از زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺸﺘﺮك آﻧﻬﺎ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻮد. در اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﻴﺮي، ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻫﺪف و در دﺳﺘﺮس ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ از ﺑﻴﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ ٣٠ زوج ﻛﻪ داراي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ و ﻋﻼﺋﻢ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ در دو ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ (١٥زوج) و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل (١٥زوج) ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي ورود ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ : وﺟﻮد اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ و ﺗﻌﺎرﺿﺎت زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ، ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ در ﺟﻠﺴﺎت زوجدرﻣﺎﻧﻲ و ﻣﺘﻌﻬﺪ ﺷﺪن ﺑﻪ ﺣﻀﻮر در ﺗﻤﺎم ﺟﻠﺴﺎت درﻣﺎﻧﻲ، ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻦ اﺧﺘﻼل ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﻲ و ﺣﺎد رواﻧﻲ(ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ رواﻧﭙﺰﺷﻚ) و ﻋﺪم ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ در ﺑﺎروري ﺑﻌﺪ از ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ١٠ ﺳﺎل از زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺸﺘﺮك ﺑﻮد. ﭘﺲ از اﻧﺘﺨﺎب زوﺟﻴﻦ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻼك ﻫﺎي ورد ﺑﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام از زوﺟﻴﻦ ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ آزﻣﻮن، ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن و ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮي، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ ﺑﻚ و ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ اﺳﭙﺎﻳﻨﺮ داده ﺷﺪ و از ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام از زوﺟﻴﻦ ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ دﻫﻨﺪ، در ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮ زوج ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪ و ﻧﻤﺮات زن و ﺷﻮﻫﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺟﻤﻊ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺟﻤﻊ ﻧﻤﺮات اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ.
اﺑﺰار سنجش
١- ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ اﺳﭙﺎﻧﻴﺮ١: ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ در ﺳﺎل ١٩٧٦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ اﺳﭙﺎﻳﻨﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ.
.(Spanier, 1976) اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ داراي ٣٢ ﺳﺆال اﺳﺖ و ﻧﻤﺮه ﻛﻠﻲ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ را اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ. ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ، ﺑﺮداﺷﺖﻫﺎي اﻓﺮاد را در ﻣﻮرد ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ و ﻧﻤﺮهﮔﺬاري آن ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻃﻴﻒ ﻟﻴﻜﺮت ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد. ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﭼﻬﺎر ﺑﻌﺪ را ﻣﻲﺳﻨﺠﺪ: رﺿﺎﻳﺖ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ (ﻣﻴﺰان رﺿﺎﻳﺖ از ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ راﺑﻄﻪ، ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ دو ﻧﻔﺮي (ﻣﻴﺰان ﺷﺮﻛﺖ در ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺘﺮك)، ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ دو ﻧﻔﺮي (ﻣﻴﺰان ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ در ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ راﺑﻄﻪ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ اﻣﻮر ﻣﺎﻟﻲ، ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻓﺮزﻧﺪان و...) و اﺑﺰار ﻣﺤﺒﺖ. ﻧﻤﺮات اﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ از ﺻﻔﺮ ﺗﺎ ١٥١ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻧﻤﺮات ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ١١١ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري اﻓﺮاد و ﻧﻤﺮات ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ١١١ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي وﺟﻮد ﻣﺸﻜﻠﻲ در رواﺑﻂ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ و ﻧﺎﺳﺎزﮔﺎري و ﻋﺪم ﺗﻔﺎﻫﻢ ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻳﻲ و رواﻳﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﻫﻤﻮاره ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. اﺳﭙﺎﻧﻴﺮ (١٩٧٦)، اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﻘﻴﺎس را ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻤﺮه ﻛﻠﻲ٩٦/٠ و ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﻴﺎسﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ رﺿﺎﻳﺘﻤﻨﺪي دو ﻧﻔﺮه ٩٤/٠، ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ دو ﻧﻔﺮه ٩٠/٠ ، ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ دو ﻧﻔﺮه ٨٦/٠ و اﺑﺮاز ﻋﻮاﻃﻒ در رواﺑﻂ دو ﻧﻔﺮه ٧٣/٠، ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﺮد (٢١). در اﻳﺮان ﻧﻴﺰ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺎﺟﻴﻚ اﺳﻤﻌﻴﻠﻲ و ﺣﻜﻴﻢ آﺑﺎدي (١٣٩٥) ﺑﻪوﺳﻴﻠﻪي آزﻣﻮن آﻟﻔﺎي ﻛﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ ٩٦/٠ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪ .(Tajikesmaeili A, Hakim Abadi, 2016)
٢- ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﺪه اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ ﺑﻚ :(BDI-II) اﺑﺰار ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻤﻊآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻓﺮم ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﺪه اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ BDI-II ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ اﺑﺰار، ﻳﻚ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ٢١ ﻣﺎدهاي ﺧﻮد ﮔﺰارﺷﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺳﻨﺪرم اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻚ، اﺳﺘﻴﺮو ﮔﺎرﺑﻴﻦ (Nuri-Tirtashi, E. and Kazemi, 2012) درﺑﺎره ﻓﺮم ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﺪه ﻋﻨﻮان ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ اﺑﺰار وﺟﻮد و ﺷﺪت ﻋﻼﺋﻢ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ را در ﺑﻴﻤﺎران و ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل و ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧﺎن و ﺑﺰرﮔﺴﺎﻻن ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ. ﺛﺒﺎت دروﻧﻲ اﻳﻦ اﺑﺰار ٧٣/٠ ﺗﺎ ٩٢/٠ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ٨٦/٠ و ﺿﺮﻳﺐ آﻟﻔﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮوه ﺑﻴﻤﺎر٨٦/٠ و ﻏﻴﺮ ﺑﻴﻤﺎر ٨١/٠ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اﻳﺮان ﻧﻴﺰ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪاي ﻛﻪ ﻋﻠﻮي و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران (١٣٩٠) اﻧﺠﺎم دادﻧﺪ، آﻟﻔﺎي ﻛﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان ٧٨/٠ و ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎزآزﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻳﻚ ﻫﻔﺘﻪاي٧٣/٠ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ (Alavi, Modarres Gharavi, Yazdi, Salehi, 2011). ﻧﻤﺮهﮔﺬاري آزﻣﻮن BDI-II ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺷﺪت اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ زﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ:-١٣ (ﻫﻴﭻ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ) ،١٤-١٩ (اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ ﺧﻔﻴﻒ)، ٢٠-٢٨ (اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ)، ٢٩-٦٣ (اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ).
روش اجرا و تحلیل
اﺑﺘﺪا در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻏﺮﺑﺎﻟﮕﺮي، ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ روي ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﭽﻪ، ﻣﺸﻜﻼت زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ، ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ و ﻋﻼﺋﻢ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ وﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ آزﻣﻮدﻧﻲﻫﺎ ﺳﻨﺠﻴﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ، ٣٠ زوج ﻛﻪ اﻓﺴﺮده و داراي ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻲ در رواﺑﻂ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ داده ﺷﺪﻧﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ در دو ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ(١٥ زوج) و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل(١٥ زوج) ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. زوﺟﻴﻦ ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ در ٩ ﮔﺎم و دوازده ﺟﻠﺴﻪ و ﻫﺮ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺗﺤﺖ درﻣﺎن زوجدرمانی ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻴﺠﺎن و رواﻳﺖ درﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﺤﺖ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻧﻮع درﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﺮار ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. آزﻣﻮدﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﻫﺮ دو ﮔﺮوه ﻗﺒﻞ از اﺟﺮاي ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﻣﻮرداﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮي ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ( پیشآزمون). ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻖ درﻣﺎن ﻫﻴﺠﺎن ﻣﺪار و رواﻳﺖ درﻣﺎﻧﻲ در ١٢ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ٩٠ دقیقهای، ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ زوج ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﻟﮕﻮي ﺟﺎﻧﺴﻮن اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ (Greenberg, Warwar, Malcolm, 2010) و ﭘﺲ از آن ﻣﺠﺪداً آزﻣﻮدﻧﻲﻫﺎي ﻫﺮ دو ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻮرد اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮي (ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن) ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. زﻣﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﻬﺮﻣﺎه ﺗﺎ اﺳﻔﻨﺪ ٩٦ ﺑﻮد. ﻻزم ﺑﻪ ذﻛﺮ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ از دو ﻣﺎه آزﻣﻮن ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮي ﺑﺮ روي ﻫﺮ دو ﮔﺮوه اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﺧﻼﺻﻪ جلسات در جدول 1 آمده است.
جدول شماره 1- خلاصه جلسات
جلسات | شرح جلسات |
جلسه اول | روی نحوه آغاز آشنایی زوجین، شرایط خانوادگی، تاریخچه مشکلات زناشویی، بخصوص مشکلات ارتباطی و شیوههای تعامل با همسر تأکید میشود. |
جلسه دوم | برقراري رابطه و ايجاد کردن توافق درماني بين زوجين و درمانگر و روشن کردن موضوعات اصلي در تعارضات زناشويي با توجه به نظريه دلبستگي، توصیف داستان مسلط افراد در زندگی و روایت زندگی. |
جلسه سوم | آغاز برونیسازی، بررسی روایتهای زندگی افراد، داستان زندگی من، شناسايي مشکلات مربوط به چرخه تعاملات زوجين که ناامني و درماندگي زوجين را تداوم ميبخشد. |
جلسه چهارم | بررسی روایتهای زندگی افراد، قرار دادن چرخه ناکارآمد تعاملات زوجین در مفهوم دلبستگی. |
جلسه پنجم | : شناسايي هيجانات ابراز نشده در موقعيتهاي اساسي تعاملات زوجين و پیدا کردن یک داستان مثبت در زمينه تعامل زوجين. |
جلسه ششم | شکلدهی مجدد مشکل از جنبه چرخه منفي ، احساسات اوليه و نيازهاي دلبستگي تحققنیافته به طريقي که چرخه بهصورت مشکل ارتباطي کليدي نگريسته شود . |
جلسه هفتم | بالا بردن شناخت نسبت به انکار نيازها و جنبههايي از خود و ادغام شدن اينها در جهت روابط متقابل و استفاده از فن سؤالات مقیاسی. |
جلسه هشتم | افزايش پذيرش تجربه شده هر شريک توسط شريک ديگر. |
جلسه نهم | تسهيل ابراز و بيان نيازها و خواستههای ويژه و ايجاد پيوند هيجاني براي ساخت مجدد تعاملات بر پايه ادراکات جديد و ايجاد رخدادهاي پيوند دهنده. |
جلسه دهم | ايجاد تسهيل در پيدايش راهحلهای جديد براي مسائل و مشکلات قبلي. |
جلسه یازدهم | تحکيم موقعيت تازه و چرخه جديد رفتار دلبستگي . |
جلسه دوازدهم | بررسی توانایی زوجین برای ادامه تغییرات بهتازگی به وجود آمده و اجرای پسآزمون. |
ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ
ﺟﺪول ﺷﻤﺎره 2 ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ و اﻧﺤﺮاف اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻧﻤﺮات ﭘﻴﺶ آزﻣﻮن و ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ و اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ در ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ.
ﺟﺪول 2- ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ و اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ زوﺟﻴﻦ در ﭘﻴﺶآزﻣﻮن، ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن و ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮي در دو ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل
ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ | مقیاسها | زوﺟﻴﻦ |
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| آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ |
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| ﻛﻨﺘﺮل |
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| ﭘﻴﺶ | ﭘﺲ | ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮي | ﭘﻴﺶ | ﭘﺲ | ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮي | |||||||
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| آزﻣﻮن | آزﻣﻮن |
| آزﻣﻮن | آزﻣﻮن |
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اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ | اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ | زن | ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ | ٧٣/٢٠ | ٢٦/١٢ | ٢٦/١٣ | ٠٦/٢٠ | ٩٣/٢١ | ٣٣/٢١ | |||||||
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| اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﻴﺎر | ٣٥/٨ | ١٧/٨ | ٠٢/٩ | ٥٩/٨ | ٣٥/٨ | ٤٠/٨ | |||||||
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| ﻣﺮد | ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ | ٢٦/١٧ | ٥٣/١١ | ٨٣/٩ | ٢٦/١٧ | ٠٦/١٨ | ٦٠/١٧ | |||||||
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| اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﻴﺎر | ٢٦/٧ | ٨٦/٦ | ٠٧/٦ | ٧٤/٧ | ٣٣/٧ | ٦٦/٦ | |||||||
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| زوج | ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ | ٣٨ | ٢٠/٢٤ | ٢٠/٢٣ | ٣٣/٣٧ | ٤٠ | ٩٣/٣٨ | |||||||
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| اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﻴﺎر | ٣٧/١٥ | ٩٠/١٤ | ٠٥/١٥ | ٠٨/١٦ | ٣٩/١٥ | ٥٧/١٤ | |||||||
ﺳﺎزﮔﺎری | رﺿﺎﻳﺖ | زن | ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ | ٦٦/٢٨ | ٧٣/٣٠ | ٠٦/٣١ | ٨٦/٢٧ | ٢٣ | ٢٦/٢٣ | |||||||
زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ | زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ |
| اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﻴﺎر | ٣٣/٤ | ٦٦/٤ | ٥١/٤ | ٨١/٥ | ٢٨/٧ | ٢١/٧ | |||||||
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| ﻣﺮد | ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ | ٨٦/٢٤ | ٣٣/٢٩ | ٣١ | ١٣/٢٣ | ٢٦/٢٩ | ٢٠/٢٧ | |||||||
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| اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﻴﺎر | ٩٦/٣ | ٩٠/٤ | ٦٤/٢ | ٢٥/٤ | ٠١/٥ | ٦٣/٥ | |||||||
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| زوج | ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ | ٥٣/٥٣ | ٠٦/٦٠ | ٠٦/٦٢ | ٥١ | ٤٦/٥٢ | ٤٦/٥٠ | |||||||
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| اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﻴﺎر | ٣٣/٤ | ٠٧/٧ | ٤٣/٥ | ٦٤/٨ | ٠٢/٨ | ٠٢/٨ | |||||||
| اﺑﺮاز ﻋﻮاﻃﻒ | زن | ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ | ٢٦/٨ | ٤٦/١٢ | ٥٣/١١ | ٨ | ٧٣/٧ | ٦٦/٦ | |||||||
| دو ﻧﻔﺮه |
| اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﻴﺎر | ٦٢/٢ | ٦٩/٢ | ٩٩/٢ | ٠٧/٢ | ٩٠/١ | ٢٥/٢ | |||||||
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| ﻣﺮد | ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ | ٨٦/٥ | ٦٦/١٠ | ١٣/٩ | ٢٦/٦ | ٣٣/٦ | ٤٠/٥ | |||||||
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| اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﻴﺎر | ٦٤/١ | ٢٨/٢ | ٧٤/٢ | ٩٠/١ | ٣٥/٢ | ٠٢/٢ | |||||||
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| زوج | ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ | ١٣/١٤ | ١٣/٢٣ | ٦٦/٢٠ | ٢٦/١٤ | ٠٦/١٤ | ٠٦/١٢ | |||||||
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| اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﻴﺎر | ٥٠/٣ | ٧٩/٤ | ١٢/٥ | ٣٦/٣ | ١١/٤ | ١١/٤ | |||||||
ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ دو | زن | ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ | ٤٠/٣١ | ٤٦/٤٢ | ٤٦/٣٩ | ٤٦/٣٢ | ٩٣/٣٠ | ٢٦/٢٩ | ||||||||
| ﻧﻔﺮه |
| اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﻴﺎر | ٤٦/٥ | ٤٠/٥ | ٨١/٥ | ٥٧/٥ | ٥٠/٦ | ٢٥/٦ | |||||||
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| ﻣﺮد | ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ | ٩٣/٣٠ | ٣٦ | ٧٣/٣٥ | ٠٦/٢٨ | ٩٣/٢٨ | ٦٠/٢٦ | |||||||
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| اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﻴﺎر | ٠٢/٤ | ٥٦/٦ | ٨٠/٦ | ٥٨/٤ | ٣١/٧ | ١٥/٧ | |||||||
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| زوج | ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ | ٣٣/٦٢ | ٤٦/٧٨ | ٢٠/٧٥ | ٥٣/٦٠ | ٨٦/٥٩ | ٨٦/٥٥ | |||||||
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| اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﻴﺎر | ٧٨/٨ | ٥٤/١٠ | ٢٥/١٢ | ٠٥/٩ | ٢٧/١٣ | ٢٧/١٣ | |||||||
| همبستگی | زن | ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ | ٨ | ٦٦/١٠ | ٠٦/١٠ | ٩٣/٧ | ٩٣/٧ | ٢٠/٧ | |||||||
| دو ﻧﻔﺮه |
| اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﻴﺎر | ٢٩/٢ | ٨٤/٢ | ١٥/٢ | ٣١/٢ | ١٢/٢ | ٥٩/٢ | |||||||
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| ﻣﺮد | ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ | ٨٦/٦ | ٢٠/٩ | ٠٦/٩ | ٣٣/٦ | ٨٠/٦ | ٥٣/٥ | |||||||
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| اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﻴﺎر | ٢٦/٢ | ٨٩/١ | ٨٦/١ | ٤٦/٢ | ١١/٢ | ٩٢/١ | |||||||
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| زوج | ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ | ٨٦/١٤ | ٨٦/١٩ | ١٣/١٩ | ٢٦/١٤ | ٧٣/١٤ | ٧٣/١٢ | |||||||
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| اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﻴﺎر | ٤٨/٤ | ٤٨/٤ | ٩٠/٣ | ٤٩/٤ | ٠٩/٤ | ٠٩/٤ | |||||||
| ﻧﻤﺮه ﻛﻞ | زن | ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ | ٣٣/٧٦ | ٣٣/٩٦ | ١٣/٩٢ | ٢٦/٧٦ | ٦٠/٦٩ | ٤٠/٦٦ | |||||||
| ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري |
| اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﻴﺎر | ٩٩/٨ | ٦٨/٨ | ١٤/٨ | ٦٩/٩ | ٥١/٩ | ٥٩/٩ | |||||||
| زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ | ﻣﺮد | ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ | ٥٣/٦٨ | ٢٠/٨٥ | ٩٣/٨٤ | ٨٠/٦٣ | ٣٣/٧١ | ٧٣/٦٤ | |||||||
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| اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﻴﺎر | ٣٥/٦ | ٧٩/٤ | ٩٦/٧ | ٨٨/٦ | ٠٤/٨ | ٢٩/٨ | |||||||
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| زوج | ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ | ٨٦/١٤٤ | ٥٣/١٨١ | ٠٦/١٧٧ | ٠٦/١٤٠ | ٩٣/١٤٠ | ١٣/١٣١ | |||||||
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| اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﻴﺎر | ٠١/١٣ | ٢٨/١١ | ٠٣/١٤ | ٦١/١٤ | ٨١/١٣ | ٢٦/١٤ | |||||||
ﻫﻤﺎنﻃﻮر ﻛﻪ در ﺟﺪول 2 ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺮات ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ زوﺟﻴﻦ ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ، در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن و ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ پیشآزمون، اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ چشمگیری داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ در ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻮاه ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه نمیشود. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ نمرة اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ زوﺟﻴﻦ ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ پسآزمون و ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ آزﻣﻮن ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﻴﺮي داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.
در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ، از آزﻣﻮن آﻣﺎري ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﻮارﻳﺎﻧﺲ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ وارﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎ اندازهگیری ﻣﻜﺮر ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ و ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ فرضیههای ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻗﺒﻞ از اﻧﺠﺎم آزﻣﻮن آﻣﺎري ﺑﻪ پیشفرضهای اﻳﻦ آزﻣﻮن ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻳﻜﻲ از پیشفرضهای آزمونهای ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻳﻚ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ میانگینها، ﻓﺮض ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﺑﻮدن ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻧﻤﺮات گروههای ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﻣﻔﺮوﺿﻪ از آزﻣﻮن ﻛﺎﻟﻤﻮﮔﻮﮔﺮاف اﺳﻤﻴﺮﻧﻮف اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد، ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ آزﻣﻮن در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ مؤلفهها ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎي رﺿﺎﻳﺖ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ آزﻣﻮن،ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ دو ﻧﻔﺮه در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن و اﺑﺮاز ﻋﻮاﻃﻒ دوﻧﻔﺮه در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮي بزرگتر از ٠٥/٠ است ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﻓﺮض ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﺑﻮدن ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻧﻤﺮات ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ (٠٥/٠.(p› ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ آزﻣﻮن ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺧﻂ رﮔﺮﺳﻴﻮن، ﻓﺮض ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺧﻂ رﮔﺮﺳﻴﻮن ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ مؤلفهها رﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﺪ (٠٥/٠.(p›
ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻖ دو روش رواﻳﺖ درﻣﺎﻧﻲ و زوجدرمانی ﻫﻴﺠﺎن-ﻣﺪار ﺑﺮ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ زوﺟﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﺑﺎرور از روش آﻣﺎري ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﻮارﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﺗﻚ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮه اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ آن ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح زﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ:
ﺟﺪول 3- ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﻮارﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﺗﻚ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮه ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ در زوﺟﻴﻦ ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل
ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ | درﺟﻪ | ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ | F | ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ | ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﺛﺮ | ﺗﻮان آﻣﺎري |
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| ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات | آزادي | ﻣﺠﺬورات | داري |
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| |
اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ | ﮔﺮوه | ١ | ٣٩/٢٠٠٨ | ٧٨/٣٨ | ٠٠٠١/٠ | ٥٩/٠ | ١ |
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ﻫﻤﺎنﻃﻮر ﻛﻪ در ﺟﺪول 3 ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه میشود ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ در دو ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل، ﺑﺎ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻛﺮدن اﺛﺮ ﭘﻴﺶآزﻣﻮن، ﺣﺎﻛﻲ از اﻳﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ از ﺷﺮﻛﺖ زوﺟﻴﻦ در ﺟﻠﺴﺎت ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻘﻲ رواﻳﺖ درﻣﺎﻧﻲ و زوجدرمانی ﻫﻴﺠﺎن- ﻣﺪار، ﻧﻤﺮات اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ زوﺟﻴﻦ ﮔﺮوه ﻛﻨﺘﺮل، ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ (٠١/٠.(p‹ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ٥٩/٠ و ﺗﻮان آﻣﺎري ١ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺖ از ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺖ ﺣﺠﻢ نمونهگیری دارد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ میتوان ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻖ دو روش رواﻳﺖ درﻣﺎﻧﻲ و زوجدرمانی ﻫﻴﺠﺎن- ﻣﺪار ﺑﺮ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ زوﺟﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﺑﺎرور اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ معنیداری دارد؛ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ بهدستآمده ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره ١ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪ.
ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻖ دو روش رواﻳﺖ درﻣﺎﻧﻲ و زوجدرﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻴﺠﺎن-ﻣﺪار ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ زوﺟﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﺑﺎرور از روش آﻣﺎري ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﻮارﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮه اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ آن ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح زﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ:
ﺟﺪول 4- ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﻮارﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮه ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ در زوﺟﻴﻦ ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل
اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ | ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ | درﺟﻪ | ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ | F | ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ | ﺿﺮﻳﺐ اﺛﺮ | ﺗﻮان آﻣﺎري |
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| ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات | آزادي | ﻣﺠﺬورات |
| داري |
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ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ دو ﻧﻔﺮه | ﮔﺮوه | ١ | ٨٧/٢٦٤١ | ٧٩/٣٩ | ٠٠٠١/٠ | ٦٢/٠ | ١ |
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اﺑﺮاز ﻋﻮاﻃﻒ دو ﻧﻔﺮه | ﮔﺮوه | ١ | ٤١/٥٦٧ | ٩٤/٣٢ | ٠٠٠١/٠ | ٥٧/٠ | ١ |
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ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ دو ﻧﻔﺮه | ﮔﺮوه | ١ | ٠٦/١٥٦ | ٨٤/١٤٤ | ٠٠٠١/٠ | ٨٥/٠ | ١ |
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رﺿﺎﻳﺖ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ | ﮔﺮوه | ١ | ٨٨/٢٤٢ | ٤٠/١٧ | ٠٠٠١/٠ | ٤٢/٠ | ٩٨/٠ |
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ﻫﻤﺎنﻃﻮر ﻛﻪ در ﺟﺪول 4 ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه میشود ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن مؤلفههای ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ (ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ دو ﻧﻔﺮه، اﺑﺮاز ﻋﻮاﻃﻒ دو ﻧﻔﺮه، ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ دو ﻧﻔﺮه و رﺿﺎﻳﺖ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ) در دو ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل، ﺑﺎ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻛﺮدن اﺛﺮ ﭘﻴﺶآزﻣﻮن، ﺣﺎﻛﻲ از اﻳﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ از ﺷﺮﻛﺖ زوﺟﻴﻦ در ﺟﻠﺴﺎت ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻘﻲ رواﻳﺖ درﻣﺎﻧﻲ و زوجدرمانی ﻫﻴﺠﺎن- ﻣﺪار، ﻧﻤﺮات ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ زوﺟﻴﻦ ﮔﺮوه ﻛﻨﺘﺮل، ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ (٠١/٠.(p‹ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺑﺮاي مؤلفههای ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ دو ﻧﻔﺮه، اﺑﺮاز ﻋﻮاﻃﻒ دو ﻧﻔﺮه، ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ دو ﻧﻔﺮه و رﺿﺎﻳﺖ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ٦٢/٠، ٥٧/٠، ٨٥/٠ و ٤٢٥/٠ و ﺗﻮان آﻣﺎري اﻏﻠﺐ مؤلفهها ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ١ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺖ از ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺖ ﺣﺠﻢ نمونهگیری دارد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ میتوان ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻖ دو روش رواﻳﺖ درﻣﺎﻧﻲ و زوجدرمانی ﻫﻴﺠﺎن- ﻣﺪار ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ زوﺟﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﺑﺎرور اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ معنیداری دارد؛ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ بهدستآمده ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﺷﻤﺎره ٢ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪ.
ازآنجاکه ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ، از ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ زﻣﺎن ﻧﻴﺰ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ، روش ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ وارﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎ اندازهگیری ﻣﻜﺮر ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ دادهها ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر رﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ روش از آزﻣﻮن ﻣﺎﭼﻠﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻛﺮوﻳﺖ (ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﻛﻮارﻳﺎﻧﺲ) اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ آن در ﺟﺪول 5 آورده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ:
ﺟﺪول 5- آزﻣﻮن ﻣﺎﭼﻠﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻛﺮوﻳﺖ وارﻳﺎﻧﺲ درونﮔﺮوﻫﻲ
ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ | آﻣﺎره | ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲX2 | درﺟﻪ | ﺳﻄﺢ | روش ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻨﻲ |
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| ﻣﺎﭼﻠﻲ |
| آزادي | ﻣﻌﻨﻲداري | Greenhouse- |
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| Geisser |
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اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ | ٥٢/٠ | ٥٤/١٧ | ٢ | ٠٠٠١/٠ | ٦٧/٠ |
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رﺿﺎﻳﺖ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ | ٩٠/٠ | ٨٣/٢ | ٢ | ٢٤٣/٠ | ٩١/٠ |
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ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ دو ﻧﻔﺮه | ٢٢/٠ | ٠١/٤١ | ٢ | ٠٠٠١/٠ | ٥٦/٠ |
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اﺑﺮاز ﻋﻮاﻃﻒ دو ﻧﻔﺮه | ٠٧/٠ | ٢٧/٦٩ | ٢ | ٠٠١/٠ | ٥٢/٠ |
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ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ دو ﻧﻔﺮه | ٣٩/٠ | ٩٩/٢٤ | ٢ | ٠٠٠١/٠ | ٦٢/٠ |
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ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪول ﺷﻤﺎره 5 ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ، ﻓﺮض ﻛﺮوﻳﺖ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ رﺿﺎﻳﺖ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﻗﺮار اﺳﺖ؛ در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮن F ﺑﺮاي مؤلفههای اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ، ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ دو ﻧﻔﺮه، اﺑﺮاز ﻋﻮاﻃﻒ دو ﻧﻔﺮه و ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ دو ﻧﻔﺮه از روش ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻨﻲ Greenhouse-Geisser اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﺑﻮدن و ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺘﻲ ﻛﻮارﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﻫﺎ، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ وارﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﻜﺮر در ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل در ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ آزﻣﻮن، ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن و ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮي ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ.
ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺛﺮ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ زﻣﺎن در ﮔﺮوه در ﺧﺼﻮص دو ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ و ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ از آزﻣﻮن ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ وارﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎ اندازهگیری ﻣﻜﺮر اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ آن در ﺟﺪول ﺷﻤﺎره ٥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه اﺳﺖ:
ﺟﺪول 6- اﺛﺮات درون آزﻣﻮدﻧﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ وارﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎ اندازهگیری ﻣﻜﺮر ﺑﺮ روى ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ و ﺳﺎزﮔﺎرى زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ در ﮔﺮوه ﻛﻨﺘﺮل و آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ
ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎ | ﻣﻨﺒﻊ | ﻣﺠﻤﻮع | درﺟﻪ | ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ | F | ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ | اﻧﺪازه اﺛﺮ | ﺗﻮان آﻣﺎرى |
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| ﻣﺠﺬورات | آزادى | ﻣﺠﺬورات |
| دارى |
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اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ | زﻣﺎن&ﮔﺮوه | ٢٨/١٣٥٠ | ٥٣/١ | ٧٥/٩٩٧ | ٨٧/٢٩ | ٠٠٠١/٠ | ٥٢/٠ | ١ |
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رﺿﺎﻳﺖ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ | زﻣﺎن&ﮔﺮوه | ٤٨/١٤٧٥ | ١٢/١ | ٩٧/١٣١٣ | ٥٨/١٨ | ٠٠٠١/٠ | ٣٩/٠ | ٩٩/٠ |
ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ دو ﻧﻔﺮه | زﻣﺎن&ﮔﺮوه | ٤٨/١٣٩ | ٢٤/١ | ٨٥/١١١ | ٩٠/٢٨ | ٠٠٠١/٠ | ٥١/٠ | ١ |
اﺑﺮاز ﻋﻮاﻃﻒ دو ﻧﻔﺮه | زﻣﺎن&ﮔﺮوه | ٨٢/٤٠ | ٠٤/١ | ٣٤/٣٨٧ | ٨٨/٢٠ | ٠٠٠١/٠ | ٤٣/٠ | ٩٩/٠ |
ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ دو ﻧﻔﺮه | زﻣﺎن&ﮔﺮوه | ٦٨/٣٠٩ | ٢ | ٨٤/١٥٤ | ٠٤/٢٥ | ٠٠٠١/٠ | ٤٧/٠ | ١ |
ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ درون آزﻣﻮدﻧﻲ میتوان ﮔﻔﺖ، اﺛﺮ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ زﻣﺎن در ﮔﺮوه ﻧﻴﺰ معنیدار ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ؛ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ زﻣـﺎن در ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻴﺰان اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ اﻳﻦ روش درﻣﺎﻧﻲ، از ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن ﺑﻪ ﭘﻲ ﮔﻴﺮي اﺛﺮ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ، آزﻣﻮن ﭼﻨﺪ مقایسهای ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ در ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن و ﭘﻲ ﮔﻴﺮي در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺶ آزﻣﻮن، اﻓﺴـﺮدﮔﻲ و ﺳـﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷـﻮﻳﻲ گروههای درﻣـﺎﻧﻲ (آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ) ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺧﻮد را ﺣﻔﻆ کردهاند ﻛـﻪ اﻳـﻦ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑـﺮاي مؤلفههای اﻓﺴـﺮدﮔﻲ (٥٢/٠)، رﺿـﺎﻳﺖ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ (٣٩/٠)، ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ دو ﻧﻔﺮه (٥١/٠)، اﺑﺮاز ﻋﻮاﻃﻒ دو ﻧﻔﺮه (٤٣/٠) و ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ دو ﻧﻔـﺮه (٤٧/٠) ﺑـﻮد (٠١/٠.(p‹ ﻻزم ﺑﻪ ذﻛﺮ اﺳﺖ، ﺗﻮان آﻣﺎري مؤلفهها ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ٩٩/٠ و ١ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺖ از ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺖ ﺣﺠﻢ نمونهگیری دارد.
ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺮات مؤلفههای اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ و ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ دو ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل در ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ آزﻣﻮن، ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن و ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮي از آزﻣﻮن ﺑﻮﻧﻔﺮوﻧﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ آن در ﺟﺪول ٦ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ:
ﺟﺪول 7- ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ آزﻣﻮن ﺑﻮﻧﻔﺮﻧﻲ در دو ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل در ﺳﻪ زﻣﺎن ﭘﻴﺶ آزﻣﻮن، ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن و ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮي
ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ | ﮔﺮوه | دوره | اﺧﺘﻼف میانگینهای ﻫﺮ دوره |
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| ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن | ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮي |
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اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ | ﮔﺮوه | ﭘﻴﺶ آزﻣﻮن | *٨٠/١٣ | *٨٠/١٤ |
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| آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ | ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن | - | ١ |
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| ﮔﺮوه | ﭘﻴﺶ آزﻣﻮن | ٦٦/٢- | ٦٠/١- |
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| ﻛﻨﺘﺮل |
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| ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن | - | ٠٦/١ |
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ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ دو | ﮔﺮوه | ﭘﻴﺶ آزﻣﻮن | *٣٣/١٦- | *٨٦/١٢- |
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ﻧﻔﺮه | آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ | ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن | - | ٢٦/٣ |
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| ﮔﺮوه ﻛﻨﺘﺮل | ﭘﻴﺶ آزﻣﻮن | ٦٦/٠ | ٦٦/٣ |
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| ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن | - | ٢٠/٣ |
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| ﮔﺮوه | ﭘﻴﺶ آزﻣﻮن | *٥- | *٢٦/٤- |
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ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ دو | آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ | ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن | - | ٧٣/٠ |
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ﻧﻔﺮه | ﮔﺮوه ﻛﻨﺘﺮل | ﭘﻴﺶ آزﻣﻮن | ٤٦/٠- | ٥٣/١ |
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| ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن | - | ٢ |
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اﺑﺮاز ﻋﻮاﻃﻒ | ﮔﺮوه | ﭘﻴﺶ آزﻣﻮن | *٩- | *٥٣/٦- |
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آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ | ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن | - | ٤٦/٢ |
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دو ﻧﻔﺮه |
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ﮔﺮوه ﻛﻨﺘﺮل | ﭘﻴﺶ آزﻣﻮن | ٢٠/٠ | ٢٠/٢ |
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| ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن | - | ٢ | ||
| ﮔﺮوه | ﭘﻴﺶ آزﻣﻮن | *٥٣/٦- | *٥٣/٨- | |
رﺿﺎﻳﺖ | آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ | ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن | - | ٢- | |
زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ | ﮔﺮوه ﻛﻨﺘﺮل | ﭘﻴﺶ آزﻣﻮن | ٤٦/١- | ٥٣/٠ | |
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| ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن | - | ٢ | |
ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ آزﻣﻮن ﺑﻮﻧﻔﺮوﻧﻲ در ﻣﻘﻴﺎس نمرههای اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ، ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ دو ﻧﻔﺮه، ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ دو ﻧﻔﺮه، اﺑﺮاز ﻋﻮاﻃـﻒ دو ﻧﻔﺮه و رﺿﺎﻳﺖ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن میدهد ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺮات ﭘﻴﺶ آزﻣﻮن و ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن ﮔﺮوه آزﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻔـﺎوت وﺟـﻮد دارد (٠٥/٠(p< وﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺮات ﭘﻴﺶ آزﻣﻮن و ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن ﮔﺮوه ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﻔﺎوت معنیدار ﻧﻴﺴﺖ (٠٥/٠.(p› معنیدار ﻧﺒـﻮدن تفاوتهای ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪه در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮي و ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات در ﻃﻮل زﻣـﺎن ﺑـﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧـﺪه اﺳـﺖ (٠٥/٠.(p< ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ عنوان ﺷﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ زوجدرمانی ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛـﺰ ﺑـﺮ ﻫﻴﺠـﺎن و رواﻳـﺖ درﻣـﺎﻧﻲ ﺑـﺮ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ و اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ زوﺟﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﺑﺎرور اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.
ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ
ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ زوجدرﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻴﺠﺎن و رواﻳﺖ درﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ و اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ زوﺟﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﺑﺎرور اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻛﻠﻲ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻖ دو روش زوجدرﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻴﺠﺎن و رواﻳﺖ درﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ و ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ زوﺟﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﺑﺎرور ﻣﺆﺛﺮ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل در مؤلفهٔ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ و ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﻲداري وﺟﻮد دارد ﺑﻪﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﺮات ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ (ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي رﺿﺎﻳﺖ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ، ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ دو ﻧﻔﺮه، اﺑﺮاز ﻋﻮاﻃﻒ دو ﻧﻔﺮه و ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ دو ﻧﻔﺮه) در ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﻛﻨﺘﺮل در مرحلهی ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﻲداري را ﻧﺸﺎن داد و ﻧﻤﺮات اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ در ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻛﺎﻫﺶ داﺷﺖ.
ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖآﻣﺪه در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در راﺳﺘﺎي اﺛﺮﮔﺬاري درﻣﺎن ﻫﻴﺠﺎنﻣﺪار ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ و اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺴﻮ و ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ اﺳﺖ Denton, , Dessaulles, Johnson, Denton, 2003) Burleson, Clark, Rodriguez, Hobbs, 2000, Rostami, Taheri, Abdi, Kermani, 2004, Dessaulles, Andre, Johnson, Susan Moore & Denton, 2003, Aghayi, Kahrazeni, Farnam, 2019, Naghinasab Ardehaee, Jajarmi, Mohammadipour, 2018, Naghdi, Hatami, Kiamanesh, Navabinejad, 2017, Madani, Hashemi Golpayegani, & Lavasani, 2017, .(Amani & Majzoobi, 2013
در ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ زوجدرمانی ﻫﻴﺠﺎن ﻣﺪار ﺑﺮ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﻳﻦ روﻳﻜﺮد، زوﺟﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ دﭼﺎر ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ در ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﺧﻮدﺷﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺷﻔﺎف ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ؛ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺒﺎرزه ﻗﺪرت را ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ از ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ و اﻳﻦ در ﺣﺎﻟﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ آﻧﻬﺎ از اﻟﮕﻮﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ در رواﺑﻄﺸﺎن در ﭘﻴﺶ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪاﻧﺪ، آﮔﺎه ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ .(Johnson, 2008) از اﻳﻦ رو در ﺟﻠﺴﺎت ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ روﻳﻜﺮد ﻫﻴﺠﺎنﻣﺪار اﻓﺮاد ﺗﺸﻮﻳﻖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ از ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎ و ﻫﻴﺠﺎﻧﺎﺗﺸﺎن ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ و آن را ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮار دﻫﻨﺪ. در ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﻠﺴﺎت ﺑﺮ ﻫﻴﺠﺎﻧﺎت زوﺟﻴﻦ و تعاملات آﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد. در ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ اﺛﺮﮔﺬاري ﺟﻠﺴﺎت ﺑﺮ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ رﺿﺎﻳﺖ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﮔﻔت ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﺳﺒﻚ دﻟﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ اﻳﻤﻦ در رﺿﺎﻳﺖ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ اﺛﺮﮔﺬار اﺳﺖ؛ ﺑﻪﻃﻮريﻛﻪ اﻓﺮاد ﺑﺎ دﻟﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ اﻳﻤﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان رﺿﺎﻳﺖ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي را ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ( Parooi, Katuli, Malek Bastami, Karbalaee, Rezai, Kazemi, Rezai, Kazemi, .(2018 از دﻳﺪﮔﺎه دﻟﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ، ﺗﺠﺎرب ﻫﻴﺠﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ از ﺗﺮسﻫﺎ و ﻧﺎاﻣﻨﻲﻫﺎي دﻟﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻧﺸﺄت ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد و ﭼﺮﺧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ را ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد ﻣﻲآورﻧﺪ؛ درﻣﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎبﮔﻴﺮي ﻣﺠﺪد ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼت زوﺟﻴﻦ، ﻫﺮﻳﻚ از آﻧﻬﺎ را در ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي دﻟﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻋﺎﺷﻘﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ (Johnson, 2008) و ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ رﺿﺎﻳﺖ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲرود.
در ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ اﺛﺮ زوجدرﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻴﺠﺎنﻣﺪار ﺑﺮ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ اﺑﺮاز ﻋﻮاﻃﻒ دو ﻧﻔﺮه ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ روﻳﻜﺮد ﻫﻴﺠﺎن-ﻣﺪار ﻧﺎﺳﺎزﮔﺎريﻫﺎي ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ را ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد، در ﺟﻠﺴﺎت درﻣﺎﻧﻲ زوﺟﻴﻦ ﺗﺸﻮﻳﻖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ در ﻣﻮرد ﻋﻮاﻃﻒ و ﻫﻴﺠﺎﻧﺎت ﺧﻮد ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ. زوﺟﻴﻦ وﻗﺘﻲ اﺣﺴﺎس ﻧﺎاﻣﻨﻲ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﻀﻄﺮب، ﻋﺼﺒﻲ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮلﮔﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻳﺎ از ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺧﻮدداري ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ اﻣﺎ وﻗﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ زﻧﺪﮔﻲﺷﺎن اﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ راﺣﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺮﻗﺮار ﻛﻨﻨﺪ .(Parooi, Katuli , Malek Bastami, Karbalaee, Rezai, Kazemi, Rezai, Kazemi, 2018) در ﻃﻮل درﻣﺎن ﻫﻴﺠﺎن ﻣﺪار، ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ زوﺟﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف و ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﻫﻴﺠﺎﻧﺎت ﺧﻮد ﺑﭙﺮدازﻧﺪ؛ ﺳﭙﺲ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻃﻲ اﻳﻦ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ، ﻫﻴﺠﺎﻧﺎت ﺧﻮد را اﺻﻼح ﻛﻨﻨﺪ و ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻫﻴﺠﺎﻧﺎت آﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ دﺳﺘﺮس، رﺷﺪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﺑﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم اﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ از درﻣﺎن، زوﺟﻴﻦ از ﻫﻴﺠﺎﻧﺎت ﺧﻮدآﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ و در ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ اﻣﻦ ﺑﺎ اﺑﺮاز ﻫﻴﺠﺎﻧﺎت واﻗﻌﻲ در ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﻳﺪي را از ﺧﻮد ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﻨﺪ ( Amani & Majzoobi, .(2013 اﺻﻼح رواﺑﻂ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ و ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ دو ﻧﻔﺮه ﺷﻮد. اﻳﻦ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺠﻔﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران (١٣٩٣) ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ زوجدرمانی ﻫﻴﺠﺎن ﻣﺪار ﺑﺮ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ در ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي رﺿﺎﻳﺖ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ، ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ، ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ، اﺑﺮاز ﻣﺤﺒﺖ در زوﺟﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﺑﺎرور، ﻫﻤﺨﻮاﻧﻲ داﺷﺖ ( Najafi, Soleimani, Ahmadi, .(Javidi, Hoseini & Pirjavi, 2014) در ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ روﻳﻜﺮد ﻫﻴﺠﺎن ﻣﺪار ﺑﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي دﻟﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺟﻠﺐﺗﻮﺟﻪ و اﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎن آﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ از ﺳﻮي ﻃﺮف ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ بیپاسخ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ، اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ و ﻧﺎاﻣﻴﺪي ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه دارد ( Johnson, .(2008 در رواﺑﻂ اﻳﻤﻦ، ﻓﺮد ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮف ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﻋﺘﺮاض ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭼﺮا ﻗﺎﺑﻞ دﺳﺘﺮس ﻧﻴﺴﺖ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ارﺗﺒﺎط زوﺟﻴﻦ و ﭘﺎﺳﺦدﻫﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ در آﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﺮده اﺳﺖ. زوﺟﻴﻦ در ﺟﻠﺴﺎت ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺖوﮔﻮ ﺑﭙﺮدازﻧﺪ و ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ را ﭘﺎﺳﺦ دﻫﻨﺪ. اﻳﻦ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﻤﺴﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ خجسته مهر، ﺷﻴﺮاﻟﻲﻧﻴﺎ، رﺟﺒﻲ و ﺑﺸﻠﻴﺪه (١٣٩٢) ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ زوجدرمانی ﻫﻴﺠﺎن ﻣﺪار ﺑﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ نشانههای اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ و ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺠﺎﻧﻲ زوﺟﻴﻦ آﺷﻔﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ .(Khojasteh Mehr, Shiralinia, Rajabi & Beshlideh, 2013)
ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ زوجدرﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻴﺠﺎن ﻣﺪار در اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ رﺿﺎﻳﺖ، ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ، ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ و اﺑﺮاز ﻣﺤﺒﺖ زوﺟﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﺑﺎرور ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري دارد. در ﻛﻨﺎر روﻳﻜﺮد زوجدرمانی ﻫﻴﺠﺎن ﻣﺪار ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ و اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ زوﺟﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﺑﺎرور ﺷﺪ، ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ میرسد ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎرﮔﻴﺮي درﻣﺎن رواﻳﺘﻲ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ اﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎت ﺧﻮﺷﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ دﻳﺪﮔﺎه در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آوردن اﺣﺴﺎس ﻟﺬت و ﺧﻮﺷﻲ ﻓﺮاﺗﺮ از روﻳﺪادﻫﺎ و ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖﻫﺎي زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺪون ﻓﺮزﻧﺪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.
ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖآﻣﺪه در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در راﺳﺘﺎي اﺛﺮﮔﺬاري رواﻳﺖ درﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎي اﺣﻤﺪي، ﻣﺎردﭼﻮر و ﻣﺤﻤﻮدي (١٣٩٨) ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ رواﻳﺖ درﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ و رﺿﺎﻳﺖ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ در زوﺟﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻃﻼق؛ ﻗﺪﺳﻲ، اﺣﻤﺪﺑﺮآﺑﺎدي و ﺣﻴﺪرﻧﻴﺎ (١٣٩٧) ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ رواﻳﺖ درﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﮔﺮاﻳﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻼق و اﺛﺮﮔﺬاري آن ﺑﺮ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ؛ وﮔﺎ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران (٢٠١٤) ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ رواﻳﺖ درﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ذﻫﻦ آﮔﺎﻫﻲ در اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ ﺑﻴﻤﺎران ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻧﻲ و ﻛﺎﻇﻢ رﺳﺘﮕﺎري و ﻣﺮادي، (١٣٩٣) ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ رواﻳﺖ درﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ زﻧﺎن ﻫﻤﺴﻮ و ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ اﺳﺖ ( Ahmadi, Maredpoor, Mahmoodi, 2019, Ghodsi, Barabadi, Heydarian, 2018, Rodríguez Vega, Bayón Pérez, PalaoTarrero, Fernández Liria, 2014, Rastgari, and Moradi, .(2014
در ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﻛﻪ رواﻳﺖ درﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ میتواند ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ و اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ زوﺟﻴﻦ اﺛﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ، ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ ﻛﻪ زوﺟﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﺑﺎرور در ﺟﺮﻳﺎن رواﻳﺖ درﻣﺎﻧﻲ درﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ رواﻳﺖ ﻣﺴﻠﻂ زﻧﺪﮔﻴﺸﺎن ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﺳﺖ و در زﻧﺪﮔﻲ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ رواﻳﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮد دﻳﮕﺮي ﻧﻴﺰ وﺟﻮد دارد ﻛﻪ آﻧﺎن ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎل ﺑﺪانﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ نکردهاند. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ زوﺟﻴﻦ در ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻛﻪ رواﻳﺖﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ دارﻧﺪ از ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﮔﺴﺘﺮدهﺗﺮ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮد .و اﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ روایتهای ﻣﺴﻠﻂ ﻓﺮد را ﺷﻜﻞ میدهند ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺎن ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺧﻮد را از اﺳﺎرت در راﺑﻄﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺪار ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ آزاد ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ و ﻳﻚ روﻳﺎروﻳﻲ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ آیندهای ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﻛﻤﺘﺮ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻳﻜﻲ دﻳﮕﺮ از مهمترین ﻋﻨﺼﺮ روﻳﻜﺮد رواﻳﺖ درﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻪ در ارﺗﻘﺎي ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ زوﺟﻴﻦ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و رﺷﺪ روایتهای ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در آن اﻓﺮاد مسئولیتپذیری ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي را در ﻗﺒﺎل ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ روایتهای زﻧﺪﮔﻴﺸﺎن دارﻧﺪ. در واﻗﻊ از آﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ رواﻳﺖ درﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻘﺶ رواﻳﺖ و ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي رواﻳﺘﻲ در ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ تجربیات و داﻧﺶ و رﻓﺘﺎر ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ دارﻧﺪ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت را ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از رواﻳﺖﻫﺎي زندگینامهای و تاریخچهای میداند ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﻳﻲ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺪار ﻣﺤﺪود شدهاند ﻛﻪ واﻳﺖ و اﭘﺴﺘﻮن (١٩٩٠)، آن را رواﻳﺖﻫﺎي آﻏﺸﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ میدانند ( White, & Epston, 1990 ) و در اﻳﻦ راﺑﻄﻪ اﻳﻦ درﻣﺎن ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ را ﻓﻌﺎل ﻛﺮده ﺗﺎ روایتهای ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺧﻮد را در ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ در ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ١- ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ساختار زدایی، ٢- ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺠﺪد و ٣- ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ و ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ( Freedman, & .(Combs, 2002 در ﻃﻮل ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر زداﻳﻲ ﻫﺪف ﻣﺮﻛﺰي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ و ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ در ﺑﺎﻓﺖ و ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ و فرضهای ﺧﺎص آن و ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ آن ﺑﺮ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻓﺮد در ﺗﻼش ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﻣﺸﻜﻞ از ﻓﺮد (برونیسازی) اﺳﺖ. در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ دﻫﻲ ﻣﺠﺪد ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﻲ درﻣﺎن اﻳﻦ ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ روایتهای ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﻳﺎﺑﺪ و ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺎرج ﺣﻴﻄﻪ روایتهای مسئلهدار ماندهاند ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺧﻮد رواﻳﺘﻲ ﻓﻌﺎل ﻓﺮد ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪرﻳﺞ ﻇﻬﻮر ﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ رواﻳﺘﻲ رواﻳﺖ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮد ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪه میشود ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻮد رواﻳﺘﻲ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ را ﺷﻜﻞ میدهد ﻛﻪ رواﺑﻂ انسانها را ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮدﺷﺎن، ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﺸﺎن و دﻳﮕﺮ اﻓﺮاد ﻣﻬﻢ زﻧﺪﮔﻴﺸﺎن ﺑﺎزﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ میکند. در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ آﺧﺮ ﭘﺮوﺗﻜﻞ درﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ و ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﺳﺖ ﻫﺪف ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺧﻮد رواﻳﺘﻲ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ و ریشهدار ﻛﺮدن آن در ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﺷﺒﻜﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ-ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ و ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ و ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺖ در آن اﺳﺖ ( Lopesa, .(Gonçalvesa, Machadoa , Sinaib, & Salgado, 2014
ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪﻛﺎرﮔﻴﺮي اﻳﻦ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻪ روایتهای ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺎن ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ را ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ و ﺳﻮي ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮدﺗﺮ و آزاديﺑﺨﺶﺗﺮ از رواﻳﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﻠﻂ ﻧﺎﺳﺎزﮔﺎراﻧﻪ ﻓﺮد رﻫﻨﻤﻮن ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ دﺳﺖﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ رواﻳﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖﭘﺬﻳﺮي ﺧﻮد ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺎن ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺪه و اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻮدن روﻳﻜﺮد زوجدرﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻴﺠﺎن ﻣﺪار ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻫﻴﺠﺎﻧﺎت زوﺟﻴﻦ و در ﻛﻨﺎر آن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از رواﻳﺖﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺑﺠﺎي رواﻳﺖﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ میتوان ﮔﻔﺖ ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻖ دو روﻳﻜﺮد ﻫﻴﺠﺎن ﻣﺪار و رواﻳﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ و اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ زوﺟﻴﻦ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ معنیداری دارد.
اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ محدودیتهایی ﻧﻴﺰ روبهرو ﺑﻮد. از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ محدودیتهای ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، میتوان ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪم اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮي ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﺪم دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ آزمودنیها ﭘﺲ از اﺟﺮاي ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن اﺷﺎره ﻛﺮد؛ در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد میشود ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان در ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ از اﻳﻦ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ اﺟﺮاي مرحلهی ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮي ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﭙﺮدازﻧﺪ. در ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس یافتههای اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد میشود رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳﺎن، ﻣﺸﺎوران، ﻣﺪدﻛﺎران اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ حرفههای یاریرسان ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ زوﺟﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﺑﺎرور ﻣﻌﻄﻮف دارﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ رواﻳﺖ درﻣﺎﻧﻲ و زوجدرمانی ﻫﻴﺠﺎن ﻣﺪار ﻳﻜﻲ از اﻳﻦ مداخلهها اﺳﺖ.
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[1] * ایمیل نویسنده مسئول: keshavarz1979@ut.ac.ir