The effect of research self-efficacy on academic cheating in graduate students: The mediating role of academic locus of control
Subject Areas : EducationalMasood Sadeghi 1 , ezzatollah ghaampour 2 , مجید سلیمانی 3 , samira ghare veysi 4
1 - Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
2 - Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
3 - Educational psychology, Lorestan University and teacher at Farhangian University.
4 - Educational psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
Keywords: research self-efficacy, academic cheating, academic locus of control, graduate students,
Abstract :
This study was done to investigate the effect of research self-efficacy on academic cheating in graduate students with the mediation of academic locus of control and the research method has been descriptive and it is a correlational study. The statistical population of the study consisted of all graduate students of Kermanshah universities (Razi, Azad, and Payam-Noor) in the first semester of the 2018-2019 academic years. Among the members of the community, a total of 384 people entered the study as samples and researched by the available sampling method. Salehi et al.'s (2011) research self-efficacy questionnaire, Aliverdi Nia et al.'s (2015) academic cheating questionnaire and trice's (1985) academic locus of control questionnaire were used to collect data. The structural equation model with the help of Amos 18 software was used to answer the research hypotheses. The research findings showed that internal academic locus of control does not play a mediating role in the effect of research self-efficacy on academic cheating, but the external academic locus of control as a mediating variable increases academic cheating. Based on the results of the research, it can be said that the requirement of graduate students to research can increase their academic cheating.
Aliverdi nia, A., Janaly zadeh, H., & Omrani Dehkhan, S. (2016). A study on the role of social learning in academic cheating. Journal of Social Problems of Iran. 6 (2), 71-103 (in Persian).
Aronson E., Wilson, T. D., & Akert, R. M. (2002). Personal causes of student cheating, Research in Higher Education. Social psychology. 4th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Baltes, B., Hoffman-Kipp, P., Lynn, L., & Weltzer-Ward, L. (2010). Students' research self-efficacy during online doctoral research courses. Contemporary Issues in Education Research, 3 (3), 51-58.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84 (2), 191-215.
Brannigan, G. G., Hauk, P. A., & Guay, J. A. (1991). Locus of control and daydreaming. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 152 (1), 29-33.
Callahan, D. (2006). The Cheating Culture. Revista Jurídica, 75, 721.
Carpenter, D. D., Harding, T. S., Finelli, C. J., Montgomery, S. M., & Passow, H. J. (2006). Engineering students' perceptions of and attitudes towards cheating. Journal Of Engineering Education, 95 (3), 181-194.
Cascio, M., Botta, V., & Anzaldi, V. (2013). The role of self-efficacy and internal locus of control in online learning. Journal of E-learning and Knowledge Society, 9 (3), 95-106.
Chinamasa, E., Mavuru, L., Maphosa, C., & Tarambawamwe, P. (2016). Examinations cheating: Exploring strategies and contributing factors in five Universities in Zimbabwe. Journal of Innovative Research In Education, 1 (1), 86-101.
Chudzicka-Czupała, A., Lupina-Wegener, A., Borter, S., & Hapon, N. (2013). Students’ attitude toward cheating in Switzerland, Ukraine and Poland. The New Educational Review, 32 (2), 66-76.
Davari, A., Rezazadeh, A. (2014). Structural Equation Modeling with PLS Software. Tehran: Iranian Students Booking Agency Publishing (in Persian).
David, L. T. (2015). Academic cheating in college students: Relations among personal values, self-esteem and mastery. Procedia-Social And Behavioral Sciences, 187, 88-92.
Deora, N. (2015). Impact of academic self-efficacy and locus of control on academic achievement of high school students. Indian Journal of Mental Health, 2 (2), 197-202.
Eckstein, M. A. (2003). Combating academic fraud: Towards a culture of integrity. International Institute for Educational Planning.
Ejei, J., Shahabi, R., Alibazi, H. (2012). Relationship between personality traits and self-reported academic cheating in high school students. Journal of Psychology. 15 (4), 412-424 (in Persian).
Feist, J., Feist, G.J. (2002). Theories of Personality. Translated by Yahya Seyed Mohammadi (2011). Tehran: Ravan Publication (in Persian).
Finn, K. V., & Frone, M. R. (2004). Academic performance and cheating: Moderating role of school identification and self-efficacy. The Journal of Educational Research, 97 (3), 115-121.
Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Modeling with Unobserved Variables and Measurement Error, Journal of Marking Research, 18 (1), 39-50.
Garavand, H., Kareshki, H., Ahanchian, M. (2014). The role of educational - research environment andsocial factors on the research self-efficacy of students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Education. 8 (4), 32- 46 (in Persian).
Geddes, K. A. (2011). Academic dishonesty among gifted and high-achieving students. Gifted Child Today, 34 (2), 50-56.
Hadijah, I., Norashikin, H., Nusrah, S., Fauziah, N., & Normala, D. (2013). Academic dishonesty: why business students participate in these practices? Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 90, 152-156.
Haley, K., & Jaeger, A. (2012). “I didn’t do it the right way”: Women’s careers as faculty in higher education administration. The Journal of The Professoriate, 6 (2), 1-26.
Harold, J., & Max, A. (2001). “Fraud and Education. The Norm in the Apple”. Lanham, MD: Ronman and Litlefied.
Khalaji, T. (2007). Investigating the relationship between hope, academic locus of control and academic success of pre-university girls in Tehran in the academic year of 2006-2007. Master Thesis. Al-Zahra University.
Khamesan, A., Amiri, M.A. (2011). The Study of Academic Cheating Among Male and Female Students. Ethics in Science and Technology. 6 (1), 54-62 (in Persian).
Khodaie, E., Moghadamzadeh, A., & Salehi, K. (2011). Factors affecting the probability of academic cheating school students in Tehran. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 1587-1595.
Kim, Y. H. (2003). Correlation of mental health problems with psychological constructs in adolescence: Final results from a 2-year study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 40 (2), 115-124.
Lev, E. L., Kolassa, J., & Bakken, L. L. (2010). Faculty mentors’ and students’ perceptions of students’ research self-efficacy. Nurse Education Today, 30 (2), 169-174.
Macdonald, R., & Carroll, J. (2006). Plagiarism—a complex issue requiring a holistic institutional approach. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 31 (2), 233-245.
Marsh, H. W., & Shavelson, R. (1985). Self-concept: Its multifaceted, hierarchical structure. Educational Psychologist, 20 (3), 107-123.
Masoudnia, E. (2008). The Relationship Between Source Control and Coping Strategies in Yazd University Students. Quarterly Journal of Psychological Studies. 3 (4), 123- 142 (in Persian).
McCabe, D. L., & Drinan, P. (1999). Toward a culture of academic integrity. Chronicle of Higher Education, 46 (8), B7-B7.
Murdock, T. B., & Anderman, E. M. (2006). Motivational perspectives on student cheating: Toward an integrated model of academic dishonesty. Educational Psychologist, 41 (3), 129-145.
Nakhaei, N., & Seyed Hoseini, S. V. (2005). Reviewing the opinions of medical students about cheating exam and its relative frequency. Strides in Development of Medical Education. 1 (2), 57- 64 (in Persian).
Namvar, Y., Rastgoo, A., Abolghasemi, A., & Seyf Derakhshande, S. (2010). The Comparison of Effect of Qualitative Descriptive Evaluation on Decreasing Anxiety and Improving self Confidence of Primary School Student in Descriptive Evaluation With Traditional School. Research in Curriculum Planning. 1 (27), 199- 212 (in Persian).
Niehaus, Elizabeth., Garcia, Crystal E., & Reading, Jillian. (2018). The road to reasearcher: The development of reasearch Self-Efficacy in higher education schoolars. Journal for the Study of Postsecondary and Tertiary Education, 3, 1-20.
Nora, W. L. Y., & Zhang, K. C. (2010). Motives of cheating among secondary students: The role of self-efficacy and peer influence. Asia Pacific Education Review, 11 (4), 573-584.
Pajares, F., & Schunk, D. H. (2001). Self-beliefs and school success: Self-efficacy, self-concept, and school achievement. Perception, 11, 239-266.
Petrosky, M. J., & Birkimer, J. C. (1991). The relationship among locus of control, coping styles, and psychological symptom reporting. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 47 (3), 336-345.
Phillips, J. M., & Gully, S. M. (1997). Role of goal orientation, ability, need for achievement, and locus of control in the self-efficacy and goal--setting process. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82 (5), 792-802.
Rettinger, D. A., & Kramer, Y. (2009). Situational and personal causes of student cheating. Research in Higher Education, 50 (3), 293-313.
Rinn, A. N., & Boazman, J. (2014). Locus of control, academic self-concept, and academic dishonesty among high ability college students. Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 14 (4), 88 – 114.
Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 80 (1), 1-28.
Rotter, J. B. (1975). Some problems and misconceptions related to the construct of internal versus external control of reinforcement. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43 (1), 56-67.
Saif, A.A. (2010). Modern Edoucational Psychology. Tehran: Dowran Publication (in Persian).
Salehi, M., Kareshki, H., Ahanchian, M.R., Karimi Mouneghi, H. (2012). Validation of Research Self-Efficacy Scale for Postgraduate Students of Ferdowsi University and Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Education. 12 (6), 396-409 (in Persian).
Salimi, M., & KhodaParast, M. (2016). The effect of teacher-student relationship on educational motivation and research self-efficacy in graduated students of Physical Education and Sport Sciences. Research in Academic Sport. 4 (9), 109-126 (in Persian).
Sekaran, U. (2001). Applied Business Research Qualitative and Quantitative Methods John Wiley Research Design and Methods. (3rd ed), USA: Sage Publications.
Shabani bahar, Gh., Yalfani, A., & Gharloghi, S. (2010). The Relationship between Locus of Control (LOC) and General Health (GH) in Athletes and Non – Athlete Male Students in Tehran University. Journal of Sport Management. 2 (7), 43- 59 (in Persian).
Starovoytova, D., & Namango, S. (2016). Factors Affecting Cheating-Behavior at Undergraduate-Engineering. Journal of Education and Practice, 7 (31), 66-82.
Tas, Y., & Tekkaya, C. (2010). Personal and contextual factors associated with students’ cheating in science. The Journal of Experimental Education, 78 (4), 440-463.
Teixeira, A. A., & Rocha, M. F. (2010). Cheating by economics and business undergraduate students: an exploratory international assessment. Higher Education, 59 (6), 663-701.
Trice, A. D. (1985). An academic locus of control scale for college students. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 61 (3_suppl), 1043-1046.
Wood, A. M., Saylor, C., & Cohen, J. (2009). Locus of control and academic success among ethnically diverse baccalaureate nursing students. Nursing Education Perspectives, 30 (5), 290- 294.