Construction, Validation and Standardization of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Questionnaire (ADHD-Q) in Elementary School Male Children based on DSM-5
Subject Areas : EducationalAydin Motamedin 1 , Seyyed Davood Hosseininasab 2 , Marziyeh Alivandi vafa 3
1 - Educational Psychology, School of Literature and Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran.
2 - Professor of Psychology, School of Literature and Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran.
3 - Associate Professor of Psychology, School of Literature and Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran.
Keywords: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Questionnaire (ADHD-Q), Elementary School Male Children, Validation, Standardization, DSM-5,
Abstract :
هدف از پژوهش حاضر ساخت پرسشنامه‌ای برای تشخیص اختلال ADHD در کودکان پسر 6 الی 12 ساله مقطع ابتدایی شهر تبریز و بررسی روایی، پایایی، تهیه هنجار درصدی و تعیین میزان شیوع آن بود. روش پژوهش آزمون‌سازی بود. تعداد 1091 نفر دانش‌آموز پسر مقطع ابتدایی به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی چندمرحله‌ای انتخاب و مادران همان دانش‌آموزان به سوالات پرسشنامه پاسخ دادند. ملاک‌های تشخیصی اختلال ADHD درDSM-5 شامل بی‌توجهی با نه نشانه و بیش‌فعالی-تکانشگری نیز مشترکا با نه نشانه مشخص شده‌اند. نتایج تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی با استفاده از چرخش مستقل واریماکس، دو عامل مستقل بیش‌فعالی صرف و کم‌توجهی صرف را معرفی کرد که بر روی هم 57/36% کل واریانس متغیرها را تبیین می‌کردند. برای بررسی روایی پرسشنامه از روش‌های روایی صوری، محتوایی و سازه استفاده شد و نتایج نشان داد که هم عوامل دوگانه و هم کل پرسشنامه از روایی مطلوب برخوردار هستند. مقدار ضریب آلفای کرونباخ در بررسی پایایی عوامل دوگانه پرسشنامه برای بیش‌فعالی صرف و کم‌توجهی صرف به ترتیب برابر با 82/0 و 74/0 و برای کل پرسشنامه (85/0=α) به دست آمد. جدول هنجارهای درصدی برای نمرات خام آزمودنی‌ها طراحی شد. با توجه به خصوصیات رفتارسنجی مطلوب پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته می‌توان از این ابزار برای کاربردهای بالینی و تحقیقاتی استفاده کرد.
Abedi, Ahmad, and Ghavam, Ali (2009). Psychology and education of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. First edition. Isfahan: Publications by.
ADHD Institute (2021). URL: https://adhd-institute.com/burden-of-adhd/epidemiology/age/. January, day one, 12:20.
Aggarwal, A., Lindegaard, V., & Marwaha, R. (2020). Oppositional Defiant Disorder. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing.
Ahmadi, Kamran (2003). Psychiatry (Oxford 99): Summary of psychiatric courses based on the resources of the Secretariat of the Council on Medical and Specialized Education to take pre-internship exams and assistant admissions. 1st edition, Tehran: Farhang Farda Publications.
American Psychiatric Association (2017). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition. Translated by Yahya Seyed Mohammadi. Tehran: Ravan Publications. (Published in original language: 2013).
Amminger, G. P., Pape, S., Rock, D., Roberts, S. A., Ott, S. L., Squires-Wheeler, E., ... & Erlenmeyer-Kimling, L. (1999). Relationship between childhood behavioral disturbance and later schizophrenia in the New York High-Risk Project. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156(4), 525-530.
Ayano, G., Yohannes, K., & Abraha, M. (2020). Epidemiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of General Psychiatry, 19(1), 1-10.
Barton, Joanne (2010). Hyperactive children: Practical guide for parents. Translated by Ayoub Malek and Mohammad Ali Saheely, 2nd edition. Tehran: Ideh Pardazan Fan & Honar Co. (Original language release date: 1999).
Barzegar Bafrouei, Kazem, and Khezri, Hassan (2014). Common problems for children and adolescents and the keys to confronting them: a practical guide for parents and teachers. Yazd: Yazd University Press.
Bayat, Mahboubeh, Akbar Sharifi, Tahereh, Nazari Jeyrani, Mahboubeh, Shahrivar, Zahra, and Haghani, Hamid (2006). Behavioral problems of children aged 7-11 residing in 24/7 care centers. Url: http://jgst.issg 19(46)60 – 53.
Bayrian, Kathy and McGwin, Harvey (2010). Parental guide for primary school students. Translated by Ali Arabani Dana. Third edition. Tehran: PTA Publications.
Bélanger, S. A., Andrews, D., Gray, C., & Korczak, D. (2018). ADHD in children and youth: part 1—etiology, diagnosis, and comorbidity. Paediatrics & child health, 23(7), 447-453.
Berk, Laura (2017). Developmental Psychology: From Conception to Childhood. Volume 1. Sixth edition. Translated by Yahya Seyed Mohammadi. Tehran: Arasbaran.
Biabangard, Esmaeil (2015). Educational Psychology: Psychology of Education and Learning. 8th edition, Tehran: Editing Publications.
Cabral, M. D. I., Liu, S., & Soares, N. (2020). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, risk factors and evaluation in youth. Translational pediatrics, 9(Suppl 1), S104.
Carlson, R. G., Hock, R., George, M., Kumpiene, G., Yell, M., McCartney, E. D., ... & Weist, M. D. (2020). Relational Factors Influencing Parents’ Engagement in Special Education for High School Youth with Emotional/Behavioral Problems. Behavioral Disorders, 0198742919883276.
Carvalho, T., da Motta, C., & Pinto‐Gouveia, J. (2020). Portuguese version of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5): Comparison of latent models and other psychometric analyses. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 76(7), 1267-1282.
Chen, Y. L., Chen, W. J., Lin, K. C., Shen, L. J., & Gau, S. S. F. (2020). Prevalence of DSM-5 mental disorders in a nationally representative sample of children in Taiwan: methodology and main findings. Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences, 29.
Copeland, W. E., Angold, A., Costello, E. J., & Egger, H. (2013). Prevalence, comorbidity, and correlates of DSM-5 proposed disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(2), 173-179.
Daneshmand Khorasgani, Mina and Yousefi, Zahra (2017). The effectiveness of group training of parenting style modification based on modifying maladaptive schemas to mardan on improving behavioral problems in preschool children. Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology, 18(2), 62-71.
Danforth, J. S., & Diller, J. W. (2020). The adaptive nature of coercive interactions between parents and their children with defiant Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: implications for treatment. In Functional Analysis in Clinical Treatment (pp. 123-149). Academic Press.
Delavar, Ali (2010). Research methods in psychology and educational sciences (psychology). 7th edition (revised), Tehran: Payame Noor University Press.
Derakhshanpour, Firoozeh, Izadyar, Hamideh, Shahini, Najmeh, and Vakili, Mohammad Ali (2016). Evaluation of anxiety level in elementary school students in Gorgan. Pajouhandeh, 21(1), 30-34.
Douglas, Yu (2014). Modifying children's behavior (behavioral problems in children). Translated by Siavash Jamalfar, 6th edition. Tehran: Editing Institute. (Original language release date, 2002).
Ebadi, Gh.H. and Motamedian, M. (2005). Factor structure of Jones irrational beliefs test in Ahvaz. Journal of Science and Research in Psychology, 7(23), 92-73.
Geldard, Catherine and Geldard, David (2010). Consultation with children with play therapy. Translated by Zahra Arjmandi. Third edition. Tehran: Andisheh.
Hamid, Najmeh (2019). Child-based morbid psychology based on DSM-5. Third edition. Tehran: Arjmand.
Heidari, Jabbar, Azimi, Hamideh, Mahmoodi, Ghahraman, and Mohammadpour, Reza Ali (2006). Prevalence of behavioral-emotional disorders and its related factors in primary school students in Sari, 2005-2006. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 16(56), 100-91.
Hendrickx, G., De Roeck, V., Maras, A., Dieleman, G., Gerritsen, S., Purper-Ouakil, D., ... & Street, C. (2020). Challenges during the transition from child and adolescent mental health services to adult mental health services. BJPsych Bulletin, 1-6.
Heyate Mollefan (2012). General Psychology (Psychology). 6th edition. Tehran: Payame Noor University.
Horbach, J., Mayer, A., Scharke, W., Heim, S., & Günther, T. (2020). Development of behavior problems in children with and without specific learning disorders in reading and spelling from kindergarten to fifth grade. Scientific Studies of Reading, 24(1), 57-71.
İz, M., & Çeri, V. (2018). Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children who were treated at emergency service due to unintentional injury. Emergency medicine international, 2018.
Jary, Mohsen, Kelishadi, Roya, Ardalan, Glyol, Taheri, Majzoogheh, Taslimi, Mahnaz and Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeil (2016). Prevalence of behavioral disorders in Iranian children. Journal of Health System Research, 12(1), 113-109.
Kalat, James (2019). Physiologic psychology. 12th edition. Translated by Yahya Seyed Mohammadi. Tehran: Ravan Publications. (Release date in the original language: 2015).
Katsuki, D., Yamashita, H., Yamane, K., Kanba, S., & Yoshida, K. (2020). Clinical Subtypes in Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder According to Their Child Behavior Checklist Profile. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 1-9.
Kerry, Gerald (2010). Theory and application of counseling and psychotherapy. (Seventh edition). Translated by Yahya Seyed Mohammadi. 5th edition. Tehran: Arasbaran.
Khodapanahi, Mohammad Karim (2019). Physiologic psychology. Tehran: The Organization for the Study and Compilation of Humanities Books of Universities.
Koechlin, H., Donado, C., Berde, C. B., & Kossowsky, J. (2018). Effects of childhood life events on adjustment problems in adolescence: a longitudinal study. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 39(8), 629-641.
Krull, K. R. (2019). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: Epidemiology and pathogenesis. UpToDate. Torchia MM (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA. Accessed on April, 29.
Li, M. (2020). Effect of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory on Psychotherapy of Patients with Depression. Investigación Clínica, 61(1).
Li, Y. J., Xie, X. N., Lei, X., Li, Y. M., & Lei, X. (2020). Global prevalence of obesity, overweight and underweight in children, adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder, attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Obesity Reviews, 21(12), e13123.
Liu, A., Xu, Y., Yan, Q., & Tong, L. (2018). The prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder among Chinese children and adolescents. Scientific reports, 8(1), 1-15.
Magnin, E. & Maurs, C. (2017). Attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder during adulthood. Reviwe Neurologique. 173(7-8): 506-515.
McMahon, R. J. (1994). Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of externalizing problems in children: The role of longitudinal data. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62(5), 901.
Merrill, B. M., Molina, B. S., Coxe, S., Gnagy, E. M., Altszuler, A. R., Macphee, F. L., ... & Pelham, W. E. (2020). Functional outcomes of young adults with childhood adhd: A latent profile analysis. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 49(2), 215-228.
Mesrabadi, Javad (2019). Inferential statistics in behavioral sciences (third edition). Tabriz: Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Press.
Moghadam, Marzieh, Yasemi, Mohammad Taghi, Bina, Mehdi, Abdolmaleki, Fereydoon, and Bagheri Yazdi, Seyed Abbas (2002). Epidemiological study of behavioral disorders in primary school students in Qorveh city in 2001-2002 and evaluation of validity and reliability of teacher's router form in assessing their behavioral disorders. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, 7(25), 11-7.
Mohammad Esmaeil, Elaheh, and Alipour, Ahmad (2002). A preliminary study of validity and reliability and determination of cut-out points of children's symptom questionnaire (CSI-4). Research in the field of exceptional children, 2(3), 254-239.
Myers, Andrew (2016). Introduction to Statistics and SPSS in Psychology. Translated by Akbar Rezaei, 1st edition, Tabriz: Aydin, Yanar Publications. (Original language publication, 2013).
Nasirzadeh, Razieh and Roshan, Rasoul (2010). Comparing two storytelling approaches in reducing the components of aggressive behavior from the perspective of parents. Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences, 12(2), 70-76.
Nematollahi, Maryam, and Tahmasebi, Siamak (2014). The effect of parental adjustment skills training on reducing children's behavioral problems. Journal of Family Research, 12(38), 174-159.
Park, S. C., & Park, Y. C. (2020). Korea in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 35(2), e6.
Pavuluri, M. & Birmaher, B. (2004). A Practical guide to using rating of depresson and anxiety in child psychiatrie practice. Current Psyciatry Riports, 6(2), 106-116.
Pirzad, Ali, and Ahi, Ghasem (2018). Factor structure, validity and reliability of children's and adolescents' anxiety questionnaire (YAM-5) based on DSM-5. Thought and Behavior, 13(50), 7-16.
Prabaharan, Nivetha & Spadafora, Natalie (2019). Rejected Children. Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, Publisher: Springer.
Rapport, M. D., Eckrich, S. J., Calub, C., & Friedman, L. M. (2020). Executive function training for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In the Clinical Guide to Assessment and Treatment of Childhood Learning and Attention Problems (pp. 171-196). Academic Press.
Razavieh, Asghar (2017). Research Methods in Behavioral and Educational Sciences. Shiraz: Shiraz University.
Regier, D. A., Narrow, W. E., Clarke, D. E., Kraemer, H. C., Kuramoto, S. J., Kuhl, E. A., & Kupfer, D. J. (2013). DSM-5 field trials in the United States and Canada, Part II: test-retest reliability of selected categorical diagnoses. American journal of psychiatry, 170(1), 59-70.
Rockville, Jun (2016). DSM-5 Changes: Implications for Child Serious Emotional Disturbance (SED). Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US); [Internet].
Roshan Chesli, Rasoul, Jalali, Mohsen, and Pourahmadi Esfestani, Elnaz (2018). Psychometric properties of emotional disorders screening questionnaire related to child anxiety in Iranian students aged 10-17 years. Quarterly Journal of Educational Measurement, 8(31), 65-97.
Sadrosadat, Seyed Jalal, Hoshyari, Zahra, Sadrosadat, Leila, Roozbahani, Akbar, Ghias, Majid, and Nikfarjam, Masoud (2009). Determination and standardization of grading scale for differential diagnosis of conduct disorders and hyperactivity disorders in 7-12 years old children in Tehran. Journal of Isfahan Medical School, 27(100), 599-589.
Sarmad, Zohreh, Bazargan, Abbas and Hejazi, Elaheh (2016). Research methods in behavioral sciences. 13th edition. Tehran: Agah Publications.
Schroeder, Caroline and Gordon, Betty (2014). Assessment and treatment of childhood problems: a guide for clinical psychologists and psychiatrists. Translated by Mehrdad Firouzbakht. Third edition. Tehran: Danje Publications. (Publication date in the original language, 2003).
Schultz, Dwan P. And Schultz, Sidney Ellen (2017). Personality theories. Translated by Yahya Seyed Hosseini, 10th Edition, 36th Edition, Tehran: Editing Publications.
Seif, AliAkbar (2015). Creating tools for measuring research variables in psychology and educational sciences (test and questionnaire). Tehran: Esnab Publications.
Seyed Mohammadi, Yahya (2008). Learning Psychology. 6th edition. Tehran: Ravan Publications.
Shafipour, Seyedeh Zahra, Sheikhi, Ali, Mirzaei, Mahshid, and Kazemnejad Leili, Ehsan (2015). Parenting styles and its relationship with children's behavioral problems. Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery, 25(76), 56-49.
Tandon, M., & Pergjika, A. (2017). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in preschool-age children. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, 26(3), 523-538.
Urban, J. R. (2020). Attachment Theory and Its Relationship with Anxiety. The Kabod, 6(2), 2.
Vasileva, M., Graf, R. K., Reinelt, T., Petermann, U., & Petermann, F. (2020). Research review: A meta‐analysis of the international prevalence and comorbidity of mental disorders in children between 1 and 7 years. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry.
Weitman, D. (2006). Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms among children with oppositional Defiant Disorder, conduct Disorder or Depression. A Doctoral Project Submitted in partial Fulfillment the Requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Psychology in the Department of Psychology at Pace University New York.
Whitcomb, S. A. (2013). Behavioral, social, and emotional assessment of children and adolescents. Routledge. Available on: https://www.amazon.com.
Wolraich, M. L., Hagan, J. F., Allan, C., Chan, E., Davison, D., Earls, M., ... & Zurhellen, W. (2019). Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Pediatrics, 144(4).
Zhang, N., Lee, S. K., Zhang, J., Piehler, T., & Gewirtz, A. (2020). Growth trajectories of parental emotion socialization and child adjustment following a military parenting intervention: A randomized controlled trial. Developmental psychology, 56(3), 652.