The Comparison of Frequency of Drawing Characteristics of Children With Bad Parenting and Normal Children Between 5-11 based on DrawâAâFamily Test
Subject Areas : Educationalشهناز گیلی 1 , کیانوش هاشمیان 2 , خدیجه ابوالمعالی 3 , شهلا پاکدامن 4
1 - کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی عمومی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رودهن
2 - عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رودهن
3 - عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
4 - عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رودهن
Keywords: bad parenting, normal parenting, drawing characteristics, family drawing test,
Abstract :
The present research aimed to compare frequency of drawing characteristics of children aged 5-11, who were experiencing bad parenting and children experiencing normal parenting according to Corman Family Drawing Test. The research was causal-comparitive. The children under bad parenting (15 girls and 15 boys) were randomly selected from Tehran’s charities in zone one and children with normal parenting (15 girls and 15 boys) were randomly selected from preschools and conditions primary schools in the same zone to better match the participants echonomic and cultural. The research instrument was Corman Family Drawing Test (Corman, 1964). The drawings of children were compared in the indicators of elimination of parents, conscious identification, drawing dynamics (intellectual-sensory form), the first drawn person, and levels of graphical extension (pale-bold). To analyze the data chi square test was used. The results demonstrated that there was a significant difference (P < 0.01) between the types of parenting and the freqency in drawing of first drawn person, complete elimination, conscious identification and drawing dynamics (intellectual-sensory form). There was no significant difference between type of parenting and levels of graphical extension (pale-bold).Finally, the results of this study showed that there was difference between the two groups of children in valuation and devaluation.
Bögels, S., Restifo, K. (2014). An Evolutionary Perspective on Parenting and Parenting Stress, Mindful Parenting Mindfulness in Behavioral Health 2014, 15-39.
Davied, P.T, & Cummings, EM. (2004). Exploring Children. S Emotional Security as a Mediator of the Link between Marital Relations and Child Adjustment, Child Development, 69,124-139.
Dolidze, K., Smith, E., Tchanturia, K. (2007). A Clinical Tool for Evaluating Emotional Well-Being Self-Drawings of Hospitalized Children, Journal of Pediatric Nursing , 28, 470–478.
Gernhardt, A. (2013). This is My Family: Differences in Childrens Family Drawing Across Cultures, Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology xx(x)1-18.
Goldner, L. & Scharf, M. (2012). Children’s family drawings and internalizing problems, Journal of The Arts in Psychotherapy, 39, 262– 271.
Huemer, J., Sabine, V.K., Niranjan K., Katherine G.D., Elisabeth G., Michaela M, Keith H., Belinda P., Friedrich M., Shaw R.J. (2012) Personality and Psychopathology in African Unaccompanied Refugee Minors: Repression, Resilience and Vulnerability, Child Psychiatry & Human Development, February 2013, 44, 1, 39-50
Ippolito, A., The Effect of Parent Separation on Children (Cited 2008 Nov 10) Available from: URL: http://www.Forensicpsychology.
Laukkanen, J., Ulriika, O., Asko, T, Saija, A., Kaisa, A. (2014). Child’s Difficult Temperament and Mothers’ Parenting Styles, Journal of Child and Family Studies, Volume 23, Issue 2, 312-323
Maloney, M.P. & Glasser, A. (1982). An evaluation of the clinical utility of the Draw-a- Person Test. Journal of Clinical Psychology; 38(1), 183-90.
Mireille Joussemet, Geneviève A. Mageau, Richard Koestner. (2014). Promoting Optimal Parenting and Children’s Mental Health: A Preliminary Evaluation of the How-to Parenting Program, Journal of Child and Family Studies, Volume 23, Issue 6, 949-964
Piperno, Francesca. Stefania Di Biasi, Gabriel Levi, Evaluation of family drawings of physically and sexually abused children, Eurasia Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (2007).
Rodrigo, M.J., Sonia, B., Beatriz, R. (2014). Parenting Styles and Child Well-Being, Handbook of Child Well-Being, 2173-2196
Ruei, J & Fan. A. (2012). A study on the Kinentic Family Drawing By Children With Different Family Structure, The International Journal of Art Educational.
Sabine, V.K., Niranjan, K., Michaela, M.A., Granditsch, E., Steiner, H., Huemer, J. (2014). Responses to conflict, family loss and flight: posttraumatic stress disorder among unaccompanied refugee minors from Africa, Neuropsychiatrie March 2014, Volume 28, Issue 1, 6-11
Shaw, D.S., Winslow. E.M., & Flangagan, C. (2006), A Prospective Study of the Effects of Marital Status and Family Relations on Yung Children’s Adjustment Among African American and European American Families .Child Development, 70,792-755.
Spigelman, G. & Spigelman, A. (1992). Analysis of Family Drawing, A comparition between children from divorce and remarriage, Vol, 18, 31-39.
Veltman, M.W.M. & Browne, K.D. (2003) Trained Raters’ evaluation of Kinetic Family Drawings of physically abused children, Journal of The Arts in Psychotherapy, 30, 3–12.
Watkins, CE., Campbell, VL., Nieberding, R., Hallmark, R. (1995). Contemporary practice of psychological assessment by clinical psychologists. Profeesional Psychology Researches and Practices; 26: 54-60.