Comparison of the Effects of Family Resilience Training and Selected Sports Exercises (Qigong Exercises) on the Depression of Mothers with Children with Cancer
Subject Areas : Sports Science and Healthy
1 - Master's degree, Department of Educational Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
Keywords: Family Resiliency, Qigong, Depression, Mothers, Cancer Child.,
Abstract :
The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of family resilience training and selected sports exercises (chi-kung exercises) on the depression of mothers with children with cancer. The research method was semi-experimental (pre-test-post-test) and was conducted using two experimental groups and one control group. Forty-five mothers with children with cancer at Tabriz Children's Hospital in April 2022, who scored higher than the mean on the Beck Depression Test, were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 people each) and a control group (15 people). The first group received family resilience training (9 sessions; one-hour session per week), the second group received Qigong training (9 sessions; one session per week, 30-40 minutes), and the control group did not receive any training. All participants completed the Beck Depression Questionnaire (short form) before and after the training. One-way analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The results indicated a significant reduction in the average depression scores of mothers with children with cancer in the family resilience training group compared to the Qigong training group, and in the Qigong training group compared to the control group in the post-test (p<0.05). Furthermore, family resilience training was found to be more effective than Qigong exercises in reducing depression among mothers with children with cancer.
References:
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Bally, J.M., Duggleby, W., Holtslander, L., Mpofu, C., Spurr, S., Thomas, R. & Wright, K. (2014). Keeping hope possible: a grounded theory study of the hope experience of parental caregivers who have children in treatment for cancer. Cancer Nursing, 37(5), p.363-372.
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Bonanno, G.A. (2004). Loss, trauma, and human resilience: have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? American psychologist, 59(1).
Chan, S.H.W. & Tsang, H.W.H. (2019). Chapter Six - The beneficial effects of Qigong on elderly depression. In: S.-Y. Yau & K.-F. So (Eds.), International Review of Neurobiology (Vol. 147, p. 155-1). Academic Press.
Cheung, D.S.T., Deng, W., Tsao, S.-W., Ho, R.T.H., Chan, C.L.W., Fong, D.Y.T. & et al. (2019). Effect of a qigong intervention on telomerase activity and mental health in Chinese women survivors of intimate partner violence: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA network open, 2(1), e186967-e186967.
Chow, Y.W., Dorcas, A. & Siu, A.M. (2012). The effects of qigong on reducing stress and anxiety and enhancing body–mind well-being. Mindfulness, 3(1), p. 51-59.
Cohen, J.A.. & Rudick, R.A. (2011). Multiple sclerosis therapeutics. Cambridge University Press.
Eiser, C. (2004). Children with cancer: The quality of life: Routledge.
Feki, J., Baklouti, F. & Khanfir, A. (2021). Assessment of psychological distress among parents of children with cancer. Open Journal of Psychiatry, 11(4), p.229-247.
Habibpour, Z., Mahmoudi, H., Nir, M.S. & Areshtanab, H.N. (2019). Resilience and its predictors among the parents of children with cancer: A descriptive-correlational study. Indian journal of palliative care, 25(1), p. 79.
Holmberg, C., Rappenecker, J., Karner, J.J. & Witt, C.M. (2014). The perspectives of older women with chronic neck pain on perceived effects of qigong and exercise therapy on aging: a qualitative interview study. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 9(403).
Howard Sharp, K.M., Fisher, R.S., Clark, O.E., Dunnells, Z., Murphy, L.K., Prussien, K.V. & et al. (2020). Long-term trajectories of depression symptoms in mothers of children with cancer. Health Psychology, 39(2), p. 89.
Imboden, C., Gerber, M., Beck, J., Eckert, A., Lejri, I., Pühse, U. & et al. (2021). Aerobic exercise and stretching as add-on to inpatient treatment for depression have no differential effects on stress-axis activity, Serum-BDNF, TNF-alpha and objective sleep measures. Brain Sciences,11(4), p. 411.
Jwing-Ming, Y. (2014). Simple Qigong for Health: The Eight Pieces of Brocade (YMAA Qigong) Kindle Edition. (3rd ed.). YMAA Publication Center.
Kiew Kit, W. (2014). The Art of Chi Kung: Making the Most of Your Vital Energy:(Revised Edition. Cosmos Internet (Publishing Division).
Kostak, M.A. & Avci, G. (2013). Hopelessness and depression levels of parents of children with cancer. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 14(11), p.6833-6838.
La Forge, R. (2005). Aligning mind and body: Exploring the disciplines of mindful exercise. ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal, 9(5), p.7-14.
Lee, M.S., Jeong, S.M., Kim, Y.-K., Park, K.-W., Lee, M.S., Ryu, H. & Moon, S.-R. (2003). Qi-training enhances respiratory burst function and adhesive capacity of neutrophils in young adults: A preliminary study. The American journal of Chinese medicine, 31(01), p.141-148.
Leung, K.-C.W., Yang, Y.-J., Hui, S.S.-C. & Woo, J. (2021). Mind-body health benefits of traditional chinese qigong on women: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7443498
McGee, R.W. (2021a). Tai Chi, Qigong and the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research,36(2), p. 28350-28354.
McGee, R.W. (2021b). Tai Chi, Qigong and the Treatment of Disease. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, 34(2), p. 26627-26633.
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