Spatial Analysis of Rural Employment Plans (Case Study: Rural Areas of Tarom Township)

Subject Areas : Rural and nomadic studies

vahid riahei ¹ , saeid nasire zare ²

1 - Georgetown University of Kharazmi - Department of Human Geography
2 - Tehran - Revolution - Kheyban Shahid Mofatakh - Faculty of Geographic Sciences

Received: 2019-06-14 Accepted : 2020-07-05 Published : 2020-11-21

Keywords: Relative advantage, Employment Plans, Activity Cluster, Tarom City,

Abstract :

Employment is one of the priority components of rural life and its attention is essential due to its role in the development of these areas and the necessity of such an equitable distribution of employment opportunities in these areas. The purpose of this study was spatial analysis of employment plans in rural areas of Tarom city. The research was applied in terms of descriptive-analytic nature and its data were collected through documents. The statistical population included all rural areas of Tarom city and its sample size was 54 rural points. Also, considering the employment and activity of the projects, clusters of activity in economic groups were studied and documentary sources were used to study the relative advantage of Tarom. The results showed that most of the job creation schemes were in the livestock, industry and agriculture sectors, respectively, and the scope of the projects was proportional to the relative advantage of the rural areas under study, which are suitable for agricultural activities, industry development and tourism services. , have been. Also, most of the clusters of activity were in the agriculture sector, and although it had fewer loans and facilities than the livestock sector, it was able to achieve the clusters of activity in the first (production) and second (processing) clusters. Provided more employment than other sectors of the economy. Thus, paying attention to the clusters of activities in job creation schemes can provide more employment and job diversification for rural areas.

References:

Akbari, N; Ismail Pour, Y and Sarkhoshara, A., (2012). Analysis of employment status of major economic sectors of Kermanshah province.

Ashley, C., & Carney, D. (1999). Sustainable livelihoods: Lessons from early experience (Vol. 7): Department for International Development London.

Bandara, S. J. H., Gebremedhin, T. G., & Maumbe, B. M. (2012). A Dynamic Shift-Share Analysis of Economic Growth in West Virginia. Journal of Rural and Community Development, 6(2).

Barkley, D. L., & Henry, M. S. (1997). Rural industrial development: to cluster or not to cluster?. Review of agricultural economics, 19(2), 308-325.

Basar, M. A. (2010). Climate Change, Loss of Livelihood and the Absence of Sustainable Livelihood Approach: A Case Study of Shymnagar, Bangladesh.

Braczyk, H.J., Cooke, Ph., Heidenreich, M. (1998), Regional Innovation Systems: The role of governances in a globalized world, London: UCL Press.

Çelik, M., & Tatar, M. (2011). Employment-unemployment Issues and Solution Suggestions Adiyaman Example. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 3(2), 1211-1226.

Chambers, R., & Conway, G. (1992). Sustainable rural livelihoods: practical concepts for the 21st century. Institute of Development Studies (UK).

Cortright, J. (2002). The economic importance of being different: regional variations in tastes, increasing returns, and the dynamics of development. Economic Development Quarterly, 16(1), 3-16.

Delgado, M., Porter, M. E., & Stern, S. (2015a). Clusters and the great recession. Paper presented at the DRUID conference, Rome.

Delgado, M., Porter, M. E., & Stern, S. (2015b). Defining clusters of related industries. Journal of Economic Geography, 16(1), 1-38.

Deming, W. G. (1996). A decade of economic change and population shifts in US regions. Monthly Lab. Rev., 119, 3.

Deputy of Planning and Budget of Zanjan Province. (2015). Zanjan Province Statistical Report.

Deputy of Planning of Zanjan Province. (2016). Zanjan Province Program Studies, Department of Statistics and Information.

DfID, U. (1999). Sustainable livelihoods guidance sheets. London: DFID.

1. A, Cole. (1996). Management: Theory and practice. 5th Edition. London: DP Publications.

Gagné, M., Townsend, S. H., Bourgeois, I., & Hart, R. E. (2010). Technology cluster evaluation and growth factors: Literature review. Research Evaluation, 19(2), 82-90.

Ghadermesi, H. (2014). Strategic Planning of Employment Development in Rural Areas of Jangrood County. Quarterly journal of space economics and rural development. Year 4, No 1, Spring 2014, Successive 11, Pages 109-130.

Ghaffari Fard, M; Khosh Sima, R., (2016). Identification of economic sectors that stimulate job creation in different provinces of Iran and its outlook. Transmission approach - share. Quarterly Journal of Financial and Economic Policies. Fourth Year, No. 14, Summer 1395, pp. 7-32.

Haggblade, S., Hazell, P. B., & Dorosh, P. A. (2007). Sectoral growth linkages between agriculture and the rural nonfarm economy. Transforming the rural nonfarm economy: Opportunities and threats in the developing world, 141-182.

Haggblade, S., Hazell, P., & Reardon, T. (2010). The rural non-farm economy: Prospects for growth and poverty reduction. World development, 38(10), 1429-1441.

Halgeh Simin, N., (2015). Identification of job creation capacity in Kermanshah province. Master's thesis, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.

Hayami, Y. (1998). Toward an alternative path of economic development: an introduction. Toward the Rural-Based Development of Commerce and Industry: Selected Experience from East Asia. Washington: World Bank Economic Development Institute, Washington DC.

Humphrey, J., & Schmitz, H. (1996). The triple C approach to local industrial policy. World development, 24(12), 1859-1877.

Irshad, H. (2009). Clusters–A key to rural prosperity. Government of Alberta: Agriculture and Rural Development.

1. Walker. (1992). Human Resource Strategy. New York McGraw Hill Publishers.

Karbasi, A., (2008). Forecast of agricultural sector in Iran. Journal of Economics in Agricultural Development (Agricultural Sciences and Technology). Vol. 22, No. 2.

Kijima, Y., & Lanjouw, P. (2005). Economic diversification and poverty in rural India. Indian Journal of Labour Economics, 48(2), 349-374.

Krugman, P. (1991), Geography and Trade, Cambridge: MIT Press.

Matveev, Y. V., Trubetskaya, O. V., Lunin, I. A., Rousek, P., & Kopnov, V. A. (2016). Clusters and their role in economic development. Journal of Economic & Management Perspectives, 10(3), 113-125

Melachroinos, K. A. (2002). European integration and the spatial dynamics of manufacturing-employment change. Environment and Planning A, 34(11), 2017-2036.

Munnich, L., Schrock, G., Cook, K., (2002), Rural Knowledge Clusters: The Challenge of Rural Economic Prosperity, US EDA: Reviews of Economic Development Literature and Practice.

Nam, V. H., Sonobe, T., & Otsuka, K. (2009). An inquiry into the transformation process of village-based industrial clusters: The case of an iron and steel cluster in northern Vietnam. Journal of Comparative Economics, 37(4), 568-581.

Nattrass, N., & Seekings, J. (2018). Employment and labour productivity in high unemployment countries. Development Policy Review, 36, O769-O785.

Page, M., & Beshiri, R. (2003). Rural economic diversification–A community and regional approach. Rural and Small Town Canada Analysis Bulletin, 4(7), 1-7.

Porter, M. (2003). The economic performance of regions. Regional studies, 37(6-7), 549-578.

Porter, M. E. (1998). Clusters and competition. On competition, 7, 91.

Porter, M. E. (1998). Clusters and the new economics of competition (Vol. 76, No. 6, pp. 77-90). Boston: Harvard Business Review.

Porter, M. E. (2001). Clusters of innovation: Regional foundations of US competitiveness. Council on Competitiveness.

Porter, M.E. (1990), The Competitive Advantage of Nations, New York: The Free Press.

Rahim, M. A., Siddiqua, A., Nur, M. N. B., & Zaman, A. M. (2018). Community Perception on Adverse Effects of Natural Hazards on Livelihood and Enhancing Livelihood Resiliency: A Case Study at Patharghata Upazila, Barguna. Procedia engineering, 212, 149-156.

Report of the Deputy Minister of Rural Development and the Deprived Areas of the Country. (-). Pages 1- 136.

Rocha, H. O. (2004). Entrepreneurship and development: The role of clusters. Small business economics, 23(5), 363-400.

Rosenfeld, S.A. (2009a), A Compendium of Clusters in Less Populated Places: Circumstances, Intersections and Outcomes, Regional Technology Strategies, Inc, Carrboro, NC.

Rosenfeld, S.A. (2009b), Generating Local Wealth, Opportunity, and Sustainability through Rural Clusters, Regional Technology Strategies, Inc, Carrboro, NC.

Scott, A.J. (1996), Regional Motors of the Global Economy, Futures, Vol. 28, No. 5, PP: 391–411.

SHayesteh, M., (2011). Provides a conceptual model for distributing job creation based on the development of economic activities. Master's Thesis, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.

Shergill, B. S., Kaur, M., & Tiwana, S. S. (2018). Rural Household Livelihoods, Non-farm Economy and Landless Workforce: Evidence from the Village Economy of Haryana, India. Economic Affairs, 63(1), 09-20.

UNIDO, A. (2003). Path out of Poverty: Developing rural and women entrepreneurship.

Wajiga, H. Tumba Ndaghu, J. (2017). Significance of Manpower Planning For Effective Utilization of Human Resources in an Organization: A Conceptual Approach. International Journal of Business and Management Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 – 8028, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 801X www.ijbmi.org || Volume 6 Issue 8 || August. 2017 || PP—16-22.

Yavari, GH,. and Fazel Beigi, M., (2010). Iranian economy (with emphasis on the village). (First Edition). Payam Noor university.

Zakharova, E. N., Prokhorova, V. V., Shutilov, F. V., & Klochko, E. N. (2015). Modern tendencies of cluster development of regional economic systems. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(5 S3), 154.

Zarei, N., (2014). The study of the effects of micro-credit on job creation in rural areas (A case study of rural settlements in Bahmaye city, graduate student, Sistan and Baluchestan University, Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran.

Zeng, D. Z. (2011). How do special economic zones and industrial clusters drive China's rapid development? : The World Bank.