Study of the effects and Consequence of Ecotourism residences on rural communities (Case Study: Kang Rural and Sepidar derakht in Razavi Khorasan Province)

Subject Areas : Rural and nomadic studies

Khadijeh  Bouzarjomehri ¹ (Assistant Prof. in Geography & Rural Planning, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.)
Fahimeh  Jafari ² (2- , Ph.D. Candidate in Geography & Rural Planning, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran)
Alireza  Moeini ³ (Researcher Institute of Tourism Research Academic Center For Education, Culture & Research, Ph.D. Candidate in Geography & Rural Planning, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.)

Received: 2019-07-23 Accepted : 2020-10-10 Published : 2022-01-21

Keywords: Ecovillage, Sepidar Derakht Rural, Kang Kohan Ecovillage, Jadeh Abrishm Ecovillage,

Abstract :

The present study was carried out to compare the effects and Consequence of populated settlements in the two villages of Kang (from Torqabeh Shandiz) and the Sepidar tree (from Mashhad city). Theoretical and empirical researches show that habitat residence plays an important role in the development and attraction of tourists and has many economic, social and environmental impacts on the host society.Method: The research method is descriptive-analytical and library and field methods are used for data collection. According to the Cochran formula, 184 people from the village of Kang and 77 villages of the Sepidar Derakht were selected as the sample and questioned. Validity (validity of indicators) was evaluated and confirmed by 10 Experts specializing in the field of tourism studies. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by using Cronbach's test (0.79) and the data were analyzed using a factor analysis method.Results: According to the Kizer Meyer test (KMO) and Bartlet test, which was equal to 797 and with a significant level of 0/000. The results show that the establishment of the residence of the economic, environmental and physical dimensions with the rates of 0.75 and 0.74, are the most frequent factors. To find out the difference between the effects of Ecotourism residence in Kang and Villas, Mann- Whitney U- test was used and the level of significance was more than 0.05, which indicates the difference between the economic and environmental impacts of the studied Rurals.

References:

Akbari, A. & Gharakhlou, M. (2010). Ecotourism (a new concept in tourism geography). Tehran: the choice. (In Persian)

Andriotis, K. (2002). Scale of hospitality firms and local economic development—evidence from Crete. Tourism Management, 23(4), 333-341 .

Annabestani, A. A & Giyahi, H. (2018). Study and analysis of the effects of the creation of Ecotourism residences on the development of rural settlements (sample: Radkan village of Chenaran County). Spatial Planning, 2 (Volume 8), 1-24. (In Persian)

Ateljevic, I., & Doorne, S. 2000. 'Staying within the fence': Lifestyle entrepreneurship in tourism. Journal of sustainable tourism, 8(5), 378-392.

Azizi, K. Rastgar, S. Heydari, G & Jafariyan, Z. (2019). The socio-economic impacts of ecotourism on local community empowerment Case: Baladeh District, Mazandaran Province. Journal of Space economy and rural development, 27, 79-98. (In Persian).

Bouzarjomehri, Kh. Shayan, H., Akhlaghi M. (2019). The role of ecolojes on economic socio development of rural women (Case study: Rurals of Kashmar county), Conference on woman and rural tourism development, Kashmar city. (In Persian).

Brouj, A. (2012). Comparative study of Ecotourism dwellings of desert areas in terms of sustainable development of tourism. Tehran: Master thesis, Allameh Tabataba'i University. (In Persian)

Buzarjomehri, Kh. (2017). Development of Ecotourism residences in the country of Iran, provinces and the County of Ferdows. Regional Conference on Tourism Capacities and Development of Ferdows County. (In Persian)

Ceballos-Lascurain, H. (1993). Ecotourism as a worldwide phenomenon. Ecotourism as a worldwide phenomenon., 12-14.

Cheruon, R., Burugu, R., &Bor, T. (2015) .Eco-Lodges, a Future for Sustainable Tourism in Kenya. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Sports, 38-48.

Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Razavi Khorasan Province. (2018). (In Persian)

Faraji Rad, A & Ehsani, A. (2011). The study of the effect of local residences (Ecotourism Khousheh SAR) on the promotion of the local community's level of living with emphasis on the village of Garmeh and Shib Deraz. Geographic Quarterly of Territory, 3, 63-77. (In Persian)

Fenel, D. (2006). Introduction to Ecotourism. (J. Oladi, translator) Mazandaran University Press. (In Persian)

Fuller, D., Buultjens, J., & Cummings, E. (2005). Ecotourism and indigenous micro-enterprise formation in northern Australia opportunities and constraints. Tourism Management, 26(6), 891-904.

Gollub, J., Hosier, A., & Woo, G. (2003). Using cluster-based economic strategy to minimize tourism leakages. ICF Consulting, San Francisco, California.

Hashemi, N. 2010. The Role of Ecosystem in Rural Sustainable Development. Quarterly of Village and Development, 3, 173-188. (In Persian)

Hashemi, S., Khosravi, Z. (2016). The Impact of Eco-Residential Construction on Local Community Participation and Empowerment Case Study: Simin Dasht Region, Journal Heritage & Tourism, 1, 56-76. (In Persian)

Hawkins, D. E. (2004). A protected areas ecotourism competitive cluster approach to catalyse biodiversity conservation and economic growth in Bulgaria. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 12(3), 219-244.

Holland, J., Burian, M., & Dixey, L. (2003). Tourism in Poor Rural Areas.

http://jaddeabrisham.uspace.ir

Jaafar, M., Bakri, N. M., & Rasoolimanesh, S. M. (2015). Local community and tourism development: A study of rural mountainous destinations. Modern Applied Science, 9(8), 399.

Jafari, J. 2002. Encyclopedia of tourism. Routledge.

Jiang, J. (2008). Evaluation of the potential of ecotourism to contribute to local sustainable development: a case study of Tengtou Village, China: a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Development Studies at Massey University, New Zealand (Doctoral dissertation, Massey University).

Johns, N., & Mattsson, J. (2005). Destination development through entrepreneurship: a comparison of two cases. Tourism Management, 26(4), 605-616.

Jones, E., & Haven, C. (2005). Tourism SMEs, service quality, and destination competitiveness. CABI.

Kontogeorgopoulos, N., Churyen, A., & Duangsaeng, V. (2014). Success factors in community-based tourism in Thailand: The role of luck, external support, and local leadership. Tourism Planning & Development, 11(1), 106-124.

Lotfi, S. Ramazanzadeh Lsbuee, M. & Ebrahimian, M. (2017). Assessing people's attitude towards the role of education in the tendency to entrepreneurship of Ecotourism (case study: Salt pan and desert region of Khor and Biabanak). Journal of Planning and Tourism Development, 21, 54-76. (In Persian)

Lozano-Oyola, M., Blancas, F. J., González, M., & Caballero, R. (2012). Sustainable tourism indicators as planning tools in cultural destinations. Ecological Indicators, 18, 659-675

Masrori Janat, N., & Falahat, M. S. (2015). The role of wilderness in sustainable ecological development (Case study of wilderness in Lovzan forest park). First Iranian Architectural and Urban Design Conference, Advanced Institute of Science and Technology-wise customary Shiraz. Iran. (In Persian)

Mathews, J. A. (2002). Dragon multinational: A new model for global growth. Oxford University Press on Demand

Mazaherian, h. Vziari, R. (2014). Design of leisure-tourism camps (case study: Silvana). Human Geography Researches, 4 (Volume 46), 719-730.

Mirzade Kohshaei, A. Dehghani, A. (2016). The role of Bandar Abbas Eco-tourism potential in attracting tourists. Journal of Hormozgan Cultural Research Review, 11,11-24. (In Persian)

Niknejad, M., Mahdavi, A., & Karami, O. (2013). Environmental impacts of tourism with an emphasis on ecotourism. The National Conference of environmental hazards Zagros, Khorramabad, Iran. (In Persian)

Noori, GH & Taqizadeh, Z. (2012). Assessment of Sarab Nilufar Bioclimatic Comfort with Evanz and (Thermo-Hydrometric) Indicators for Ecotourism Activities. Wetland ecobiology (wetland), 12, 41-50. (In Persian)

Roshanali, M. & Riahi, V. (2017). The role of Ecotourism in economic development of rural areas (case study: Panj Hezareh Rural District of Behshahr County). Geographical Quarterly Tourism Space 25 (Volume 7), 51-66. (In Persian)

RostamPisheh.M, Nasir Salami.M & Tizghalam Zonouzi, S. (2019). An Evaluation and Comparative Analysis of Physical Structures in Eco-Tourism Resorts (Case Study: Telarkhaneh Bordbar and Deylmay Gasht; Guilan Province). Journal of Physical Development Planning, 4, 54-76. (In Persian)

Salehi Fard, M. 2009. Rural tourism, nature and concept. Tourism, 23-24, 60-66. (In Persian)

Salehi, S. Moradi Asl, A & Abdoli,F. (2017). Ecotourism Development with an Emphasis on Local Communities’ Participation (Case Study: The Village of Janat Rudbar, Ramsar County). Journal of Research and Rural Planning, 19, 1855-199. (In Persian).

Tavakolan, A. & Davari, A. (2017). Ecotourism dwellings an Opportunity for Sustainable Development, CASE STUDY: Capacities of Ecotourism of East Azarbaijan Province. International Conference on Modern Researches in Civil Engineering, Architecture, Urban Management and Natural environment. Karaj: Shahriyar Higher Education Institution. (In Persian)

Tavalaee, S. (2006). Ecotourism with Emphasis on Tourism Attractions of Golestan Province. Geographical researches, 58, 113-125. (In Persian).

Thampi, S. P. (2005). Ecotourism in Kerala, India: Lessons from the eco-development project in Periyar Tiger Reserve. ECOCLUB.

Trejos, B., Chiang, L. H. N., & Huang, W. C. (2008). Support networks for community-based tourism in rural Costa Rica. The Open Area Studies Journal, 1(1), 16-25.

Wanhill, S. (2000). Small and medium tourism enterprises. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(1), 132-147.

www.iranecocamp.com/fa/05/09/1396

www.karnaval.ir/kang-village-torqabeh-masoule-khorasan1396

Zahedi, Sh. A. (2006). Foundations of Sustainable Tourism and Ecotourism. Tehran: Allameh Tabataba'i University Press. (In Persian)

Zarghami Brujeni, h. Shalibafian, A. (2017). Tourism Policy of Countries (Comparative Study). Tehran:  Makameh prees. (In Persian)