Study and Analysis of Pyscjological Capital Effects on Improvement of Social Security Sense in the Rural Areas, Case Study: Ardabil County.
Subject Areas : Rural and nomadic studies
1 - Associate Professor, Department of Geography, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
Keywords: Rural Development, Social Security, Ardabil county, Pyhschological capital,
Abstract :
The study aims at investigating trust effects psychological capital on improvement of social security sense in the rural areas of Ardabil County. Target population in the study was the rural people of located in Ardabil County. The needed information by means of questionnaire was collected from rural people of settled in Ardabil County. Statistical society of research included all of rural people of Ardabil County. In addition for determining sample size the rural peoples of settled in the rural areas of Meshkinshar county was used Cochran formula. Finally, the sample size of rural peoples 383 was determined. The tool of measurement was made researcher questionnaire. The content and face validity of the instrument was specified after several times review and correction by the faculty of members at university and several expertise of administrative offices. The reliability analysis was conducted and Cronbach’s alpha values for the various sections of instrument were estimated to be between 0.82 and 0.86. The results of research showed that there was a statistically significant positive relationship between optimism, self-efficacy and resiliencey and sense of social security. Finally, based on the results analysis, some applied recommendations have been provided.
Ahmadi, S., & Farhadi, E. (2012). The effects of self- esteem on security sense among women in Sanandj city, Journal of Order and disciplinary security, 10 (1), 49-64.
Alvord, M.K., Zucker, B., & Grados, J.J. (2014). Resilience builder program: Enhancing social competence and self-regulation. Champaign, IL: Research Press and the decision to protect one self from victimization. Sociological Forum, 29 (3), 587-606.
Aminbidokhti, A., Sharifei, N (2013), survey role of psychological capital element on relationship religion and social security sense, Strategic Researches of Security and Social Order Journal, 1 (3), 13-38.
Amiri, M. (2000). The end of history and confidence crisis on recognition of Fukuyama new ideas, Economical and Political Information Journal, 98 (97), 25-29.
Arias E., (2016), United States life tables by Hispanic origin. Vital and health statistics. Washington, DC: National Center for Health Statistics.
Asencio, E. K., Merrill, M. , Steiner, M. (2014), Self-esteem, the fear of crime. Psychology, Crime and Law, 15 (4),1-26
Aspinwall, L. G., & Richter, L. (2000). Optimism and self-mastery predict more rapid disengagement from unsolvable tasks in the presence of alternatives. Motivation and Emotion, 2 (3), 221−245.
Assad, K. K., Donnellan, M. B., & Conger, R. D. (2010). Optimism: An enduring resource for romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9(3), 285−297.
Bahripor, A., & Amirrastegar, K. (2014). Suervy relation between social cofidece and social security sense, Journal of Sociological, 4 (10), 9-26.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-Efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 8(4), 191-215.
Bashiriehem H. (1999). Revolution and political mobalization, Thehran, Samt Publication.
Bilgin, P., (2010), "Individual and social dimensions of security", International Studies Review, 5(2): 253-261.
Block, J.H., Wagner, M., (2013), Necessity and opportunity entrepreneurs in Germany: characteristics and earnings differentials. Schmalenbach Business Review 62, 154–174
Brissette, I., Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (2005). The role of optimism in social network development, coping, and psychological adjustment during a life transition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8(2), 102−111.
Buran, B. (2013). People, governements and fear, Trnaslated by Strategcis Studies Institutes, Tehran: Strategics Publication.
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2000). On the self-regulation of behavior. New York:
Chin,E., Porter,A., Sekar,V, and Wagner, D (2016), Measuring user confidence in in smartphone security and privacy, Washngton D.C.
Durkim, E. (1995). About of social work division, translated by: Bagher Parham, Ketabsaraie Babol, Tehran.
Enaiat, H., Movhed, M., & Heidari, A. (2013). Study of social confidence strategy and social security sense among youth 15-29 year residing shiraz and yasoj cities, Journal Appliead Sociology, 23 (1), 81-104.
Erdem R(2017), Investigation of the psychological capital on social security of villagers, Europen Journal of Multidixplinay Studies, 5 (11): 1- 15.
Fan, J., Meng, H., Gao, X., Lopez, F. J., & Liu, C. (2013). Validation of a U.S. adult social Self-Efficacy inventory in Chinese populations. The Counseling Psychologist, 38(4), 473-496.
Fazi, L., Mariani, M &Cheisa, R. (2018). The effects of resiliency on improvement social security sense of villagers, Journal of Sustainability, 10 (1): 1-10.
Garosi, S., Mirzaei, J. & Shahrokhi, E. (2010). Suervy of social confidence realtion and social security (Case Study: the daughters students of Jiroft Azad University), Journal of Khnowledge Disiplinary, 9 (2), 27-39.
Ghaffari, Gh. (2010). Social capital and disciplinary security, Tehran, Publication of Researchs and Studies.
Ghomashi, S., Ahmadi, M., Abbasi, M., and Salhei, H. (2017). Survey of youth phsycological capital rate and its effects on tendency to crime, (Case Study: Esfaha City), Jounral of Medicine rights, 10 (37), 173-192.
Giddens, A. (2000). Modernity and persoality, society and personal identity and new age, translated by Naser Movafagian, Nei Publication, Tehran.
Goetschel, L (2009), Globalization and security: The challenge of collective action, Expert enkologuium, Der Euangelische Akadamic Loccum, 10(7): 25-63.
Hajlu, N., & Abbasi, R. (2011). Suervy of influencing factors on social-economical security sense of youth and teenagers in Ardabil Province, Journal of Youth Sociology, 1 (1), 59-76.
Harms P.D., Luthans, F. (2012). Measuring implicit psychological constructs in organizational behavior: An example using psychological capital, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 3(4), 589-594
Hasnvand, E., & Hasanvand, E. (2014), Suervy of influencing factors on social economical security sense of rural youth, Case Study: Selselhe County, Journal of Order and disciplinary security4 (4), 57-80.
Heidari, S. (2015). The improvement factors of social security form standpoint of villagers, Case Study: Meshkinshar County, Journal of Geography, 13 (47), 117-141.
Huang, F. (2003). Social trust, cooperation, and human capital. Working Paper, Singapore: School of Economics, Singapore Management University. Retrieved 6 4, 2010, from http://www.ssc.upenn.edu/~fali/hcsc815.pdf.
Karami, M.,& Farahbakhsh, K. (2016). Suervy of effective’s basic components on security social from standpoint of elites of security domain, Journal of Security, 3 (13), 49-67. Koen, B. (2012). Sociology foundations, translated by Gholamabbas Tavassoli and Reza Fazel, Tehran: Samt Publication.
Klein, J. D., Sabaratnam, P., Auerbach, M. M., Smith, S. M., Kodjo, C., Lewis, C., Ryan, S., & Dandino, C. (2009). Development and factor structure of a brief instrument to assess the impact of community programs on positive youth development: The Rochester evaluation of asset development for youth (READY) tool. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39, 252–260.
Koller, L. (2016). the study relationship between hope and social security sense in the rural region, International Journal of Psychological Studies, 8 (2): 41-53.
Lin, S. & Betz, N. E. (2012). Factors related to the social self-efficacy of Chinese international students. The Counseling Psychologist, 37(3), 451-471.
Liu, E. Z. F. & Chang, Y. F. (2013). Gender differences in usage, satisfaction, self-efficacy, and performance of blogging. British Journal of Educational Technology, 41(3), E39-E43.
Long, N & Landani, F (2015), Towards a Psychology of Rural Development Processes and Interventions, Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 2 (4), 534-546.
Luthans F, Luthans K, Luthans BC. Positive psychological capital: Going bgehond human and social capital. Bus horiz 2004; 47 (1), 45-50.
Luthans, F. (2008). Organization Behavior ,11th ed ,MC Graw- Hill.
Luthans, S,K, Avolio, B,J., (2008), positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfactions personnel psychology, 3(5), 55- 72 .
Masoudnia, E. (2012). Suervy of relation between self-esteem and social anexity of undergraduate age, Behavior Daneshvar, 3 (7), 49-59.
Mirzaei, E., Mohmmadi, F., & Anbari, A. (2015). Explanation of sociological influencing factors on security sense between frontier regions of Khozestan Province, (woith emphasizing on frontier controller) , 5 (4), 67-91.
Moller, B., (2008), National, societal and human security: discussion-case study of the Israel- Palestine Conflict in http://sociology82.blogfa.com.
Morrow, S,E (2016),social capital, food security, and resource utilization in low income population, Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Anthropology in the Graduate School of the University of Alabama.
Moser, C., (2013), change, violence and insecurity in non-conflict situation, over seases Development. Institute 111 west minster Bridge Road, London .
Motimer, D. (2013). Beyond strategy, critical idea and new security studies, translated by mahmoud Asgari, Journal of Strategics Studies.
Mottaghi, Sh., Rezaei, S., & Akbari, R (2019), Survey of psychological capital and self- efficacy on social security sense of students, Journal of Social Security, 5 (4), 1-19.
Navidnia, M. (2010). Introduction to social security, Journal of Strategics Studies, 6 (19), 55-78.
Nsiri, Gh. (2012). Virtually and skeleton of security sociology, Strategic Journal, 2 (6), 112-133.
Obrist, B., Pfeiffer, C., Henley, R. (2015) Multi-layered social resilience: a new approach in mitigation research. Progress in Developmental Studies, 1(1), 283–293
Oman, R. F., Vesely, S. K., McLeroy, K. R., Harris‐Wyatt, V., Aspy, C. B., Rodin, S., & Marshall, L. (2005). Reliability and validity of the youth asset survey (YAS), Journal of Adolescent Health, 3(1), 247–55.
Peter, K., Williams,A., and Simone,D (2015), Measuring social capital in Hamilton, Ontario. Social Indices Research, 10(8), 215-238.
Peterson, C., & Vaidya, R. S. (2004). Explanatory style, expectations, and depressive
Puri., p and Robinson, D (2010), Optimism and economic choice, Journal of Financial Economics, 8 (6), 71-99.
Rao, K. Hanumantha, Kanth, G. Rajani, Dheeraja C., (2016),Summary of proceedings and recommendations, national institute of rural development, Hyderabad Workshop on “Strategies and Instruments for Payment of Wages in MGNREGS” Aug. 1-3.
Sagone, E. & De Caroli, M. E. (2013). Locus of control and academic self-efficacy in university students: the effects of Self-concepts. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Prof. Dr. Tülay Bozkurt, Istanbul Kultur University, Turkey, 4th World Conference on Psychology, Counseling and Guidance, 228 -222.
Salhei Amiri, S. & Afshari Nadri, A. (2013). Theoretical and strategics foundations on promotion management of cultural and social security in Tehran, Journal of Strategy, 59 (20), 49-60.
Salimi, A., Babaporseke, M., & Rezaei, N. (2013). Suervy of order and social security from standpoint of citizens of Kashmer City, 3 (27), 117-134.
Sarokhani, B., & Hashemnajad, F. (2014) . Suervy relation between of social capital (its components) and social security sense among youth of Sary County, 2 (2), 81-94.
_||_Ahmadi, S., & Farhadi, E. (2012). The effects of self- esteem on security sense among women in Sanandj city, Journal of Order and disciplinary security, 10 (1), 49-64.
Alvord, M.K., Zucker, B., & Grados, J.J. (2014). Resilience builder program: Enhancing social competence and self-regulation. Champaign, IL: Research Press and the decision to protect one self from victimization. Sociological Forum, 29 (3), 587-606.
Aminbidokhti, A., Sharifei, N (2013), survey role of psychological capital element on relationship religion and social security sense, Strategic Researches of Security and Social Order Journal, 1 (3), 13-38.
Amiri, M. (2000). The end of history and confidence crisis on recognition of Fukuyama new ideas, Economical and Political Information Journal, 98 (97), 25-29.
Arias E., (2016), United States life tables by Hispanic origin. Vital and health statistics. Washington, DC: National Center for Health Statistics.
Asencio, E. K., Merrill, M. , Steiner, M. (2014), Self-esteem, the fear of crime. Psychology, Crime and Law, 15 (4),1-26
Aspinwall, L. G., & Richter, L. (2000). Optimism and self-mastery predict more rapid disengagement from unsolvable tasks in the presence of alternatives. Motivation and Emotion, 2 (3), 221−245.
Assad, K. K., Donnellan, M. B., & Conger, R. D. (2010). Optimism: An enduring resource for romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9(3), 285−297.
Bahripor, A., & Amirrastegar, K. (2014). Suervy relation between social cofidece and social security sense, Journal of Sociological, 4 (10), 9-26.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-Efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 8(4), 191-215.
Bashiriehem H. (1999). Revolution and political mobalization, Thehran, Samt Publication.
Bilgin, P., (2010), "Individual and social dimensions of security", International Studies Review, 5(2): 253-261.
Block, J.H., Wagner, M., (2013), Necessity and opportunity entrepreneurs in Germany: characteristics and earnings differentials. Schmalenbach Business Review 62, 154–174
Brissette, I., Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (2005). The role of optimism in social network development, coping, and psychological adjustment during a life transition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8(2), 102−111.
Buran, B. (2013). People, governements and fear, Trnaslated by Strategcis Studies Institutes, Tehran: Strategics Publication.
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2000). On the self-regulation of behavior. New York:
Chin,E., Porter,A., Sekar,V, and Wagner, D (2016), Measuring user confidence in in smartphone security and privacy, Washngton D.C.
Durkim, E. (1995). About of social work division, translated by: Bagher Parham, Ketabsaraie Babol, Tehran.
Enaiat, H., Movhed, M., & Heidari, A. (2013). Study of social confidence strategy and social security sense among youth 15-29 year residing shiraz and yasoj cities, Journal Appliead Sociology, 23 (1), 81-104.
Erdem R(2017), Investigation of the psychological capital on social security of villagers, Europen Journal of Multidixplinay Studies, 5 (11): 1- 15.
Fan, J., Meng, H., Gao, X., Lopez, F. J., & Liu, C. (2013). Validation of a U.S. adult social Self-Efficacy inventory in Chinese populations. The Counseling Psychologist, 38(4), 473-496.
Fazi, L., Mariani, M &Cheisa, R. (2018). The effects of resiliency on improvement social security sense of villagers, Journal of Sustainability, 10 (1): 1-10.
Garosi, S., Mirzaei, J. & Shahrokhi, E. (2010). Suervy of social confidence realtion and social security (Case Study: the daughters students of Jiroft Azad University), Journal of Khnowledge Disiplinary, 9 (2), 27-39.
Ghaffari, Gh. (2010). Social capital and disciplinary security, Tehran, Publication of Researchs and Studies.
Ghomashi, S., Ahmadi, M., Abbasi, M., and Salhei, H. (2017). Survey of youth phsycological capital rate and its effects on tendency to crime, (Case Study: Esfaha City), Jounral of Medicine rights, 10 (37), 173-192.
Giddens, A. (2000). Modernity and persoality, society and personal identity and new age, translated by Naser Movafagian, Nei Publication, Tehran.
Goetschel, L (2009), Globalization and security: The challenge of collective action, Expert enkologuium, Der Euangelische Akadamic Loccum, 10(7): 25-63.
Hajlu, N., & Abbasi, R. (2011). Suervy of influencing factors on social-economical security sense of youth and teenagers in Ardabil Province, Journal of Youth Sociology, 1 (1), 59-76.
Harms P.D., Luthans, F. (2012). Measuring implicit psychological constructs in organizational behavior: An example using psychological capital, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 3(4), 589-594
Hasnvand, E., & Hasanvand, E. (2014), Suervy of influencing factors on social economical security sense of rural youth, Case Study: Selselhe County, Journal of Order and disciplinary security4 (4), 57-80.
Heidari, S. (2015). The improvement factors of social security form standpoint of villagers, Case Study: Meshkinshar County, Journal of Geography, 13 (47), 117-141.
Huang, F. (2003). Social trust, cooperation, and human capital. Working Paper, Singapore: School of Economics, Singapore Management University. Retrieved 6 4, 2010, from http://www.ssc.upenn.edu/~fali/hcsc815.pdf.
Karami, M.,& Farahbakhsh, K. (2016). Suervy of effective’s basic components on security social from standpoint of elites of security domain, Journal of Security, 3 (13), 49-67. Koen, B. (2012). Sociology foundations, translated by Gholamabbas Tavassoli and Reza Fazel, Tehran: Samt Publication.
Klein, J. D., Sabaratnam, P., Auerbach, M. M., Smith, S. M., Kodjo, C., Lewis, C., Ryan, S., & Dandino, C. (2009). Development and factor structure of a brief instrument to assess the impact of community programs on positive youth development: The Rochester evaluation of asset development for youth (READY) tool. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39, 252–260.
Koller, L. (2016). the study relationship between hope and social security sense in the rural region, International Journal of Psychological Studies, 8 (2): 41-53.
Lin, S. & Betz, N. E. (2012). Factors related to the social self-efficacy of Chinese international students. The Counseling Psychologist, 37(3), 451-471.
Liu, E. Z. F. & Chang, Y. F. (2013). Gender differences in usage, satisfaction, self-efficacy, and performance of blogging. British Journal of Educational Technology, 41(3), E39-E43.
Long, N & Landani, F (2015), Towards a Psychology of Rural Development Processes and Interventions, Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 2 (4), 534-546.
Luthans F, Luthans K, Luthans BC. Positive psychological capital: Going bgehond human and social capital. Bus horiz 2004; 47 (1), 45-50.
Luthans, F. (2008). Organization Behavior ,11th ed ,MC Graw- Hill.
Luthans, S,K, Avolio, B,J., (2008), positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfactions personnel psychology, 3(5), 55- 72 .
Masoudnia, E. (2012). Suervy of relation between self-esteem and social anexity of undergraduate age, Behavior Daneshvar, 3 (7), 49-59.
Mirzaei, E., Mohmmadi, F., & Anbari, A. (2015). Explanation of sociological influencing factors on security sense between frontier regions of Khozestan Province, (woith emphasizing on frontier controller) , 5 (4), 67-91.
Moller, B., (2008), National, societal and human security: discussion-case study of the Israel- Palestine Conflict in http://sociology82.blogfa.com.
Morrow, S,E (2016),social capital, food security, and resource utilization in low income population, Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Anthropology in the Graduate School of the University of Alabama.
Moser, C., (2013), change, violence and insecurity in non-conflict situation, over seases Development. Institute 111 west minster Bridge Road, London .
Motimer, D. (2013). Beyond strategy, critical idea and new security studies, translated by mahmoud Asgari, Journal of Strategics Studies.
Mottaghi, Sh., Rezaei, S., & Akbari, R (2019), Survey of psychological capital and self- efficacy on social security sense of students, Journal of Social Security, 5 (4), 1-19.
Navidnia, M. (2010). Introduction to social security, Journal of Strategics Studies, 6 (19), 55-78.
Nsiri, Gh. (2012). Virtually and skeleton of security sociology, Strategic Journal, 2 (6), 112-133.
Obrist, B., Pfeiffer, C., Henley, R. (2015) Multi-layered social resilience: a new approach in mitigation research. Progress in Developmental Studies, 1(1), 283–293
Oman, R. F., Vesely, S. K., McLeroy, K. R., Harris‐Wyatt, V., Aspy, C. B., Rodin, S., & Marshall, L. (2005). Reliability and validity of the youth asset survey (YAS), Journal of Adolescent Health, 3(1), 247–55.
Peter, K., Williams,A., and Simone,D (2015), Measuring social capital in Hamilton, Ontario. Social Indices Research, 10(8), 215-238.
Peterson, C., & Vaidya, R. S. (2004). Explanatory style, expectations, and depressive
Puri., p and Robinson, D (2010), Optimism and economic choice, Journal of Financial Economics, 8 (6), 71-99.
Rao, K. Hanumantha, Kanth, G. Rajani, Dheeraja C., (2016),Summary of proceedings and recommendations, national institute of rural development, Hyderabad Workshop on “Strategies and Instruments for Payment of Wages in MGNREGS” Aug. 1-3.
Sagone, E. & De Caroli, M. E. (2013). Locus of control and academic self-efficacy in university students: the effects of Self-concepts. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Prof. Dr. Tülay Bozkurt, Istanbul Kultur University, Turkey, 4th World Conference on Psychology, Counseling and Guidance, 228 -222.
Salhei Amiri, S. & Afshari Nadri, A. (2013). Theoretical and strategics foundations on promotion management of cultural and social security in Tehran, Journal of Strategy, 59 (20), 49-60.
Salimi, A., Babaporseke, M., & Rezaei, N. (2013). Suervy of order and social security from standpoint of citizens of Kashmer City, 3 (27), 117-134.
Sarokhani, B., & Hashemnajad, F. (2014) . Suervy relation between of social capital (its components) and social security sense among youth of Sary County, 2 (2), 81-94.