Analysis of Tobacco Marketing Challenges in Rural Settlement of Khorasan Razavi Province (Case Study: Boqmech Dehestan, Chenaran County)

Subject Areas : Rural and nomadic studies

maryam Ghasemi ¹ ( Geogaphy )
Seyed reza hosseini kahnooj ² ( geography in Ferdowsi university of Mashhad )

Received: 2018-12-15 Accepted : 2019-07-16 Published : 2020-06-21

Keywords: Marketing, Tobacco, Chenaran, Baqmach Districts, Tobacco Traders,

Abstract :

As a significant part of the agricultural sector's problems are related to the value chain and its end rings, the market for agricultural products, the present study addresses the main challenges of tobacco marketing in Iran from the point of view of tobacco beetles. The study area is a tobacco production pole in Razavi Khorasan province, Baghche district, Chenaran province. The research method was descriptive and the statistical population consisted of 512 Tobacco Agents, which were selected by using the Cochran formula of 110 Tobacco Dogs and respondents were randomly selected and participated in the completion of the research questionnaire. In this research, 37 of the initial challenges were identified and questionnaire was used in the Likert spectrum through extensive literature studies and interviews with experts and tobacco workers. The reliability of the research tool was α = 0.703 and its validity was confirmed with 78.92% of the variance in the confirmatory factor analysis. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the identified challenges were as follows: the ten main factors with 81.86% of the variance explained. "The low awareness of farmers about tobacco marketing" with 17.09, "poor performance of trusted organizations" with 12.66 and "problems related to the price of tobacco and tobacco leaves" with 9/11 variance were three challenges, respectively The basic marketing of tobacco is. Studies show that ten major challenges identified in tobacco marketing have led to farmer exploitation in this unbalanced system, therefore, given that tobacco has a different legal context in marketing,

References:

Abbasi Rostami, A., Ahmadpour, A., & Sharifzadeh, M. Sh. (2016). An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Promotional Training Activities on Promoting the Knowledge of Tobacco Farmers by Structural Equilibrium Modeling, Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 47 (3), 695-706.

Azkia, M. & Imani, A. (2008). Sustainable Rural Development, printing, dissemination of information, Tehran. Iran.

Bahrami Nia, F. (2016). Reviewing the Marketing Challenges and Selling Potato Products in Hamadan Spring, 7th Conference on Modern Research in Technology Science, Kerman, and the company of science of the sky.

Central Organization for Rural Cooperatives of Iran. (2014). Iran Agricultural Products Marketing System (Analysis of Development Challenges and Strategies), Public Relations and International Affairs, Tehran.

Deputy of Planning and Economic Affairs of Agricultural Jihad in Khorasan Razavi Province. (2012). Statistics of agricultural sector in Khorasan Razavi province, Agricultural statistics and information.

Deputy of Planning and Economic Affairs of Agricultural Jihad in Khorasan Razavi Province. (2013). Statistics of agricultural sector in Khorasan Razavi province, Agricultural statistics and information.

Deputy of Planning and Economic Affairs of Agricultural Jihad in Khorasan Razavi Province. (2014). Statistics of agricultural sector in Khorasan Razavi province, Agricultural statistics and information.

Deputy of Planning and Economic Affairs of Agricultural Jihad in Khorasan Razavi Province. (2015). Statistics of agricultural sector in Khorasan Razavi province, Agricultural statistics and information.

Deputy of Planning and Economic Affairs of Agricultural Jihad in Khorasan Razavi Province. (2016). Statistics of agricultural sector in Khorasan Razavi province, Agricultural statistics and information.

Donyae Eghtesad Newspaper. (2013). http://donya-e-eqtesad.com/news/773169

Firouzabadi, S. A., & Hosseini, S. R. (2011). Examining Barriers and Problems of Rural Cooperatives in Marketing of Agricultural Products (Case Study: Rural Co-operative of Kousk Village, Rural Development Quarterly, 3 (1), 131-148.

Ghiyasvand, A. (2008), Application of Statistics and SPSS Software in Data Analysis, First Edition, Loya Publishing, Tehran. Iran.

Habibpour, K., & Safari, R., (2011). Comprehensive Manual for Using SPSS In Survey Researches, Loyeh Publishing. Tehran, Iran.

Institute for Agricultural Research Planning and Economics (2003), 25-year work report of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Agricultural and Rural Areas;

Karim, M. H. (2015). Network Challenges of Rural Cooperative of Iran, Quarterly Journal of Rural Space and Rural Development, 4 (3), 196-173.

Khor, A, Sharifzadeh, M. (1394), Analysis of Problems and Problems of Tobacco Production in Mazandaran Province, Iranian Journal of Agricultural Research and Development, 2-47(4), PP.899-887;

Korr, A., & Sharifzadeh, M. Sh. (2015). Analysis of Problems and Problems of Tobacco Cultivation in Mazandaran Province, Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 47 (4), 899-887.

Majidzadeh, R., Zamani, Gh. & Kazemi, H. (2002). Qualitative study of Hormozgan's tendency toward hookahs and proper ways to fight it, Hakim Research Journal, 5 (3), 183-187.

Mehdi-Pour, I., Sadr-Al-Asharafi, S. M., & Karbasi, A. (2005). Marketing Research on Potato Crop Production in Iran, A Bunch of Agricultural Sciences, 11 (3), 131-121.

Ministry of Industry, Mines and Trade. (2017). Introduction to the country's tobacco industry, General Information, Active Units, Laws and Statistics, National Center for Tobacco Control and Planning.

Mostafa-Pour, A., & Yazdanpanah, L. (2015). The Study of Social Trends in Tobacco Use with Emphasis on Lifestyle: A Case Study of Citizens of Bokan, Journal of Social Issues in Iran, 6 (2), 353-372.

Najafloo, P., Abbasi, E., & Farhadian, H. (2017). A survey on information seeking behavior of grapevines in Zanjan province and its effective factors, Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 48 (1), 165-178.

Nourizadeh, M. (2008). Introduction to Smoking and Tobacco Complications, Tehran University Press.

Pap-zan, A, Gravundi, S. (2014), Rural Marketing Companies; A Strategy for Entrepreneurship and Development of Agricultural Utilization Systems, Agricultural Entrepreneurship Theory, 1(2), pp. 104-91;

Pezeshki Rad, Gh. & feli, s. (2010). Challenges and Solutions for Processing, Marketing and Export of Saffron: Using Delphi Techniques, Journal of Agricultural Economics, 4 (1), 157-137.

Romiyani, A. Anabestani, A, & Valaei, M. (2015). An Analysis of Social Impact on the Sustainable Development of Rural Village of Rumshkan-e-Gharb, Kuhdasht County, Geographic Space Quarterly, 15 (52), 115-97.

Savell, E., Gilmore, A.B., & Sims, M. (2015). The environmental profile of a community's health: a cross-sectional study on tobacco marketing in 16 countries. Bull World Health Organ. 93(12), http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.15.155846.

Statistics Center of Iran. (2016). Results of Population and Housing Census, Khorasan Razavi Province.

Tavasoli, B, Khalifeh Soltanian, F, Chizari, M. (2007), Species of the authors of the article Reviewing the situation and bottlenecks of marketing agricultural products in Iran, Sixth Iranian Agriculture Economics Conference, pp. 11-1;

Allen, J.A. Davis, K. C. Kamyab, K. Farrelly, M. C. (2015). Exploring the potential for a mass media campaign to influence support for a ban on tobacco promotion at the point of sale. Health Educ Res ; 30 (1): 87-97. doi: 10.1093/her/cyu067.

Fraley, D.T., Stagg, K., Parker, L., & Africk, J.J. (2014) .Tobacco Advertizing Restrictions – Risky Policies with Noble Intentions: Lessons learned from Lorillard v. Reilly and other commercial speech jurisprudence, respiratory health association. Tobacco white paper series.

Harris, F., MacKintosh, A.M., & Anderson, S. (2003). Effects of the 2003 advertising/promotion ban in the United Kingdom on awareness of tobacco marketing: findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey Tobacco Control 2006;15:iii26-iii33.

Henrikson, L. (2012). Comprehensive tobacco marketing restrictions: promotion, packaging, price and place. Sited at http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/ 21/2/147#BIBL

Hoek, J. (2004). Tobacco promotion restrictions- ironies and unintended cosequences. Journal of business research, 57(11), 1250-1257, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(02)00449-6

Hoek, J., Sparks, R . (2000). "Tobacco promotion restrictions, An international regulatory impasse?", International Marketing Review, 17(3), 216-230, https://doi.org/10.1108/02651330010331598

Hunt, S. D., & Vitell S. J. (2006). "The general theory of marketing ethics: A revision and three questions", Journal of Macro Marketing, 26(2), 143-153.

Kotler, P., Kartajaya, H. & Young, S. D. (2004). Attracting investors: A marketing approach to finding funds for your business, John Wiley & Sons.

Leonidou, C. N., Leonidou L. C., & Coudounaris D. N. (2013) "Magnus hultman, value differences as determinants of importers’ perceptions of exporters’ unethical behavior: the impact on relationship quality and performance", International Business Review, 22(1), 156-173.

Moodie, C., & Hastings, G.B.(2011). Making the Pack the Hero, Tobacco Industry Response to Marketing Restrictions in the UK: Findings from a Long-Term Audit. Int J Ment Health Addiction 9: 24. doi:10.1007/s11469-009-9247-8.

Nakkash, R. T., Khalil, J., & Afifi, R. A. (2011). The rise in narghile (shisha, hookah) waterpipe tobacco smoking: a qualitative study of perceptions of smokers and non smokers. BMC public health, 11(1), 315.

Shang, C.e., Huang, J., Li, Q., & Chaloupka, f.j.(2015). The Association between Point-of-Sale Advertising Bans and Youth Experimental Smoking: Findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). AIMS Public Health; 2(4): 832–844. doi:  10.3934/publichealth.2015.4.832.

Thackerayw, R & brown, M. (2010), Creating successful price and placement sttategies for social marketing, health promot pract, 11. Pp. 166-168.

Thackerayw, R., & brown, M. (2010). Creating successful price and placement sttategies for social marketing, health promot pract, 11. 166-168

Wang, L., Lu, B., Wewers, M.E., & et al., (25 July 2016). Are retailers compliant with zoning regulations that ban tobacco sales near schools in Changsha, China? TobaccoControl Published Online First. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052787.