On the Analysis of Factors Affecting Urban Sustainability (Case Study: Ardabil City)
Subject Areas : Urban and Regional Planning StudiesL. Sayad 1 , Y. Gholipour 2 , S. Feyzi 3
1 - Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Payame Noor University, Iran
2 - M.A in Geography & Urban Planning, Payame Noor University, Iran
3 - Ph.D candidate in Geography & Urban Planning,Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
Keywords: Exploratory Factor Analysis, Ardabil, Citizens, Urban Sustainability,
Abstract :
Urbanization development and growing process of urban population has caused problems such as excessive use of resources, environmental pollution, increased social anomalies and economic problems at urban communities. Sustainable development has been the main slogan in the third millennium and the new paradigm in the most popular theoretical and scientific literature concerning urban development and planning. The objective of this study was to analyze and categorize the factors affecting urban sustainability in Ardebil city from the citizens' points of view as the main beneficiaries of urban planning program. The study was descriptive-analytical research and the method of collecting information was documentary and survey (Field Finder). Population were the citizens of Ardabil city. The sample size included 384 members based on Cochran formula, while there was a two stage cluster sampling method. The 26 items of the research questionnaire were reduced to five factors using exploratory factor analysis. All the five factors explain 68.059 percent of total variance. The first factor (environment design) plays the most important role with specific value 5.636 (21.676% of variance) in setting all effective variance factors on urban sustainability. Then the social factor with specific value 3.707 (14.259% of variance), management factor with specific value 3.695 (14.212% of variance) economic-infrastructural factor with specific value 475/2 (518/9% of variance) environmental factor with specific value 183.2 (8.3394 percent variance) were located at second, third, fourth, and fifth level of factors affecting urban sustainability.
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Storch, H., & Downes, N. K. (2011). A scenario-based approach to assess Ho Chi Minh City's urban development strategies against the impact of climate change. Cities, 28 (6), 517-526.
Walter, B., Arkin, L., & Crenshaw, R. W. (1992). Sustainable cities: Concepts and strategies for eco-city development. Los Angeles, CA: Eco-Home Media.
World Bank. (2010). Eco² cities: Ecological cities as economic cities. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
_||_Amanpour, S., & Alizadeh, H. (2014). Measurement and identification of urban sustainability social metrics in Ahwaz. Geography and Urban Space Development, 1 (1), 103-115. (In Persian).
Caragliu, A., Del Bo, C., & Nijkamp, P. (2011). Smart cities in Europe. Journal of Urban Technology, 18 (2), 65-82.
De Jong, M., Joss, S., Schraven, D., Zhan, C., & Weijnen, M. (2015). Sustainable-smart-resilient– low carbon–eco–knowledge cities; making sense of a multitude of concepts promoting sustainable urbanization. Journal of Cleaner Production, 109, 25-38.
Feizi, M., & Rajabi, A., & Hosseini, Y. (2012). Recognition of the Pedestrian Movement in Sustainablity of Urban dense areas. Journal of Urban Management, 30, 177-194. (In Persian).
Gossop, C. (2011). Low carbon cities: An introduction to the special issue. Cities, 28(6), 495-497.
Hosseinzadeh, S., Khosravi Beigi, R., Eastgoldi, M., & Shamsedini, R. (2011). Assessment of environmental sustainability in urban areas using multivariate linear allocation method (Coexistence study: Turkmen port city). Geographical landscape (Human Studies), 6 (16), 31-51(In Persian).
Harun, N., & Zakariya, K., Mansor, M., & Zakaria, Kh. (2014). Determining Attributes of Urban Plaza for Social SustainabilityOriginal. Research Article Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 153, 606-615.
Hassan, A.M., & Lee, H. (2015). The paradox of the sustainable city: Definitions and examples. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 17 (6), 1267-1285.
Joss, S., Cowley, R., & Tomozeiu, D. (2013). Towards the ‘ubiquitous eco-city’: An analysis of the internationalisation of eco-city policy and practice. Urban Research & Practice, 6 (1), 54-74.
Joss, S. (2011). Eco-cities: The mainstreaming of urban sustainability; key characteristics and driving factors. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 6 (3), 268-285.
Kazemian, Gh., & Meshkini, A., Biglari, S. (2011). Evaluation of Urban Management Performance in Neighborhood Stability of District two of Tehran 4th region Municipalities (Majidieh, Shamsabad and Kallad Neighborhoods). Journal of Applied Geosciences Research, 18 (21), 7-28. (In Persian)
Khademi, S., & Ghalenoei, M., & Massoud, M. (2013). Evaluation of urban land use sustainability with an emphasis on the conservation of historical monuments (Case study of Shoush city). Journal of Environmental Studies, 27, 21-36. (In Persian)
Khoshfar, Gh., Bargahi, R., & Karami, Sh. (2013). Social Capital and Urban Sustainability (Case Study: Gorgan City). Journal of Urban Studies, 39, 31-46. (In Persian)
Leydesdorff, L., & Deakin, M. (2011). The triple-helix model of smart cities: A neoevolutionary perspective. Journal of Urban Technology, 18 (2), 53-63.
Meshkini, A., Borhani, K., & Shabanzadeh Namini, R. (2013). Spatial Analysis of Urban Social Sustainability Measurement (Case study: 22 regions of Tehran). Geography, New edition, 11 (39), 186-211. (In Persian)
Meshkini, A., & Mouzzen, S. (2014). analysis of urban governance in Sustainability of the City: Case Study: Ajabshir. Quarterly Journal of Environnental Based Territorial Planning, 29, 100-131. (In Persian)
Mohammadi Sangli, Kh., & Ghershi, S. (2016). Sustainable Urban Development, A Global Approach with Local Solutions Case Study: A Review of Sustainability Criteria in the Traditional Architecture of Yazd. Art and Architecture Studies, 2 (4-5), 87-99. (In Persian)
Moore, J., Kissinger, M., & Rees, M. (2013). An urban metabolism and ecological footprint assessment of metro Vancouver. J. Environ. Manag, 124, 51-61.
Mousavi, S., Nazarian, A., Ziari, Y., & Mahdavi, M. (2014). Measuring the sustainability of urban neighborhoods using HDI and Morris zoning technique (Case study of Malayer city). Journal of Environmental Studies, 25, 89-109. (In Persian)
National Academies of Science. (2016). Pathways to urban sustainability: challenges and opportunities for the united states. National Academies Press, Editor:, ISBN: 978-0-309-44453-8.
Newell, J.P., & Cousins, J. (2014). The boundaries of urban metabolism towards a political– industrial ecology. Prog. Hum. Geogr.
Ni, P., & Jie, Z. Q. (2014). Urban competitiveness and innovation. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Organization urbanization & Rod of Ardebil Province, 2007.
Parivar, P, Faryadi, Sh., Yavari, A., Salehi, I., & Herati, P. (2013). Developing ecological sustainability strategies for increasing the resilience of the urban environment (Case study: 1st and 3rd district of Tehran municipality). Ecology, 39 (1), 123-132 (In Persian)
Pow, C. P., & Neo, H. (2013). Seeing red over green: Contesting urban sustainabilities in China. Urban Studies, 50 (11), 2256-2274.
Premalatha, M., Tauseef, S. M., Abbasi, T., & Abbasi, S. A. (2013). The promise and the performance of the world's first two zero carbon eco-cities. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25, 660-669.
Rabifar, V., Haghighat Nayini, Gh., Tavasolian, R., & Sanati Monfared, S. (2014). Sensing and analyzing of urban sustainability using the integrated model AHPVIKOR (Case Study: Zanjan province). Urban Management, 127-152. (In Persian)
Sepahvand, R., & Arefnejad, M. (2013). Prioritization of Sustainable Urban Development Indicators with a Group Analytic Analysis Approach (Case Study: Isfahan City). Journal of Urban Planning, 1 (1), 43-59. (In Persian)
Stossel, Z., Kissinger, M., & Meir, A. (2015). Measuring the biophysical dimension of urban sustainability. Ecol. Econ, 120, 153-163.
Storch, H., & Downes, N. K. (2011). A scenario-based approach to assess Ho Chi Minh City's urban development strategies against the impact of climate change. Cities, 28 (6), 517-526.
Walter, B., Arkin, L., & Crenshaw, R. W. (1992). Sustainable cities: Concepts and strategies for eco-city development. Los Angeles, CA: Eco-Home Media.
World Bank. (2010). Eco² cities: Ecological cities as economic cities. Washington, DC: The World Bank.