Recognizing and Prioritizing the Cultural-Social Enabler Elements and Dimensions of Tourism Industry (case study: Mazandaran Province)
Subject Areas : Environmental managmentMojtaba Asadi Kapourchal 1 * , Mohammad Reza Bagherzadeh 2 , Asadollah Mehrara 3
1 - Ph.D. student in public administration, comparative and development, Islamic Azad University, Qaimshahr branch, Qaimshahr, Iran.
2 - Associate Professor, Department of Public Administration, Islamic Azad University, Qaimshahr Branch, Qaimshahr, Iran. *(Corresponding Author)
3 - Assistant Professor, Department of Public Administration, Islamic Azad University, Qaimshahr Branch, Qaimshahr, Iran.
Keywords: Cultural-Social Enablers, Human resource, Tourism Enablers.,
Abstract :
Background and Objective: Today, as one of the fastest growing economic sectors, tourism has become one of the drivers of socio-economic development in many cities in the north and south. The aim of the current study was to identify and prioritize dimensions and elements of the cultural-social enabler of the tourism industry, which was done qualitatively-quantitatively.
Material and Methodology: In literature review, scientific articles and researches, research plans of organizations and studies of previous researchers on the research subject, through a systematic review, were selected. In the validation section, the statistical population included professors of public administration, tourism and urban management in higher education centers and senior managers of the country's cultural heritage, handicrafts and tourism organization and in the quantitative part, they were members of the faculty and high and middle managers of the organization of cultural heritage, handicrafts and tourism in Mazandaran province. In literature review, 24 researches were screened and finalized, and 20 and 35 people were selected, respectively, using the purposeful sampling method for Delphi techniques and the hierarchical analysis process. In the validation section, the data was analyzed by applying the Delphi technique with a semi-structured survey checklist (first round) and structured survey (second, third and fourth rounds) using SPSS software and in the quantitative section, it was analyzed by implementing a matrix questionnaire using EXPERT CHOICE software. To determine the validity in validation and quantitative section, the content of the survey checklist and matrix questionnaire were approved by five academic and organizational experts in terms of comprehensibility, clarity, and expressiveness and to determine the reliability of the checklist, the correlation coefficient of 0.85 was calculated with the retest method. In the quantitative stage, reliability was confirmed by determining the inconsistency rate in the range between 0.01 and 0.03.
Findings: The results showed that cultural-social enablers of the tourism industry have five dimensions as human resources, interaction and participation of local communities, competitiveness, social improvement and cultural values, and 27 elements. Findings in quantitative section show that “human resource” dimension with a final weight of 0.316 has the first priority and the "competitiveness" dimension with a final weight of 0.066 has the lowest priority.
1. Shadalouee, F. (2021). Investigating the impact of tourism in the process of sustainable urban development with an emphasis on the role of culture. Tourism Research and Sustainable Development Journal, 4(1), 75-82. (In Persian)
2. Ghaderi, E. and Erabi, S.S. (2019). The effects of tourism on the sustainability of middle of the road cities (case study: Zirab city). Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography, 11(4), 239-260. (In Persian)
3. Shokouhi M, Yazdanpanah M. (2019). Effect of Empowerment on Residents Support for Tourism the Case of Kamardough Tourism Region. The Journal of Spatial Planning, 23 (1), 151-168. (In Persian)
4. Zangouei, F., Kharazi Mohammadvandi Azar, Z. and Salehi Sadaghiyani, J. (2022). Smartization of Iran's Tourism Industry: An emphasis on Social and Cultural Empowerment. Quarterly Journal of Social Studies in Tourism, 10(19), 335-368. (In Persian).
5. Shafiee Sabet, N. and Haratifard. S. (2019). Empowerment of Local Stakeholders for Participation in Sustainable Tourism Development with Mediating Role of Perceived Tourism Effects. Tourism Planning and Development, 8(29), 71-90. (In Persian)
6. Muigua K. (2015). Empowering the Kenyan People through Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanisms. In CIArb Africa Region Centenary Conference.
7. World travel and Tourism council. (2020). https://wttc.org/Research/Economic-Impact.
8. Moeinfar, M.S. and Mahdavi, A. (2014).Investigating the impact of tourism on sustainable urban development (case study: Sistan). International Scientific-Strategic Conference on Tourism Development for Islamic Republic of Iran Challenges & Prospects. (In Persian)
9. Dorosti, A., Adibi Sadeh, M. and Adhami, A.R. (2018). Socio-Cultural Analysis of the Role of Social Capital on Sustainable Urban Development in Isfahan Province. Social Development, 12(4), 167-186. (In Persian)
10. Yazdani, M.H., Alipour, E., Dashti, A. H. and Biouteh, A. (2018). Surveying and Assessing the Role of the Media on Urban Tourism Development Using path analysis Techniques. Media Studies, 13(40), 21-39. (In Persian)
11. Movahed, A., Javdan, M. and Ghanipour, M. (2020). Analysis of Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Tourism Impacts Sustainability in Lahijan. Journal of Urban Tourism, 7(1), 1-15.
12. Tahri, A. and Tabatabaei, S.M. (2020). The role of tourism in sustainable development, opportunities and challenges and the impact on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal of Amad and defense technology, 3(1), 83-102. (In Persian)
13. Abouelmagd, D. (2023). Sustainable urbanism and cultural tourism, the case of the Sphinx Avenue, Luxor. Alexandria Engineering Journal. 71, 239-261.
14. Hailiang, Z., Chau, K.Y. and Waqas, M. (2023). Does green finance and renewable energy promote tourism for sustainable development: Empirical evidence from China. Renewable Energy. 207, 660-671.
15. Iqbal, A., Ramachandran, S., Siow, M.L., Subramaniam, T. and Afandi, S.H.M. (2022). Meaningful community participation for effective development of sustainable tourism: Bibliometric analysis towards a quintuple helix model. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism. 39. 100523.
16. Erol, I., Neuhofer, I.O., Dogru, T., Oztel, A., Searcy, C. and Yorulmaz, A.C. (2022). Improving sustainability in the tourism industry through blockchain technology: Challenges and opportunities. Tourism Management. 93. 104628.
17. Boluk, K.A. and Rasoolimanesh S.M. (2022). Introduction to the special issue on “Deepening our understandings of the roles and responsibilities of the tourism industry towards the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)”. Tourism Management Perspectives. 41. 100944.
18. Scheyvens, R., Carr, A., Movono, A., Hughes, E., Higgins-Desbiolles, F. and Mika, J.P. (2021). Indigenous tourism and the sustainable development goals. Annals of Tourism Research 90, 103260.
19. Elshaer, I., Moustafa, M., Sobaih, A.E., Aliedan, M. and Azazz, A.M.S. (2021). The impact of women’s empowerment on sustainable tourism development: Mediating role of tourism involvement. Tourism Management Perspectives 38, 100815.
20. Abou-Shouk, M.A., Mannaa, M.T. and Elbaz, A.M. (2021). Women’s empowerment and tourism development: A cross-country study. Tourism Management Perspectives 37, 100782.
21. Pamučar, D., Ćirović, G. and Sekulović, D. (2015). Development of an integrated transport system in distribution centres: A FA'WOT analysis. Technical Gazette, 22(3), 649-658.
22. Marques, J. and Santos, N. (2016). Developing business tourism beyond major urban centres: the perspectives of local stakeholders. Tourism and Hospitality Management, 22(1), 1-15.
23. Martins, L.F., Gan, Y. and Ferreira-Lopes, A. (2017). An empirical analysis of the influence of macroeconomic determinants on World tourism demand, Tourism Management, 61, 248 -260.
24. Zaroki, Sh., Ezoji, H. and Sadati Amiri, S.R. (2018). Analysis of the Role of Tourism - Economic Welfare Using Panel Data. Tourism Planning and Development, 7(26), 96-121. (In Persian).
25. Smith, S. (2015), Asense of palce: place, culture and tourism. Tourism Recreation research, 40(2), 220 -233.
26. Hekmatniya, H. and Bagheri Kashkouli, A. (2020). Evaluation and analysis of the effects of tourism on sustainability of economy, municipalities’ citizens’ income (case study: Babak city). Journal of Research and Urban Planning, 11(43), 101-114. (In Persian)
27. Saraii, M.H., Rezaei, M.R. and Safarpour, M. (2019). Investigation and Analysis of Hotels Spatial Distribution to Medical Tourism Attractions Case Study: Shiraz. Tourism, Planning and Development, 7(27), 8-25. (In Persian).
28. Chen, Z., Li, L. and Li, T. (2017). The organizational evolution, systematic construction and empowerment of Langde Miao's community tourism. Tourism Management, 58, 276-285.
29. Nair, V. and Whitelaw, A.P. (2015). Redefining Rural Tourism in Malaysia: A Conceptual Perspective. Journal Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 20(3), 314 - 337.
30. Zaidan, E. (2016). The impact of cultural distance on local residents perception of tourism development: The case of Dubai in UAE. Tourism: An international Interdisciplinary Journal, 64(1), 109- 126.
31. Ivlevs, A. (2016). Happy Hosts? International Tourist Arrivals and Residents' Subjective Well-being in Europe. Journal o Travel Research, 56(5), 599-612.
32. Maleki Varaki, S., Faghihi, A. and Memarzadeh Tehran, Gh. R. (2023). Presenting the local model of sustainable tourism development management in Iran. Journal of Development Evolution Management, 15(52), 13-21. (In Persian)
33. Saini, M. Shlonsky, A. (2008). Developing a Protocol for Systematic Synthesis within C2 Reviews: The Eighth Annual International Campbell Collaboration Colloquium Vancouver. British Columbia, Canada.
34. Mohammadpour, A., Irandoost, M., Lorestani, H. and Sahabhi, J. (2023). Identifying the consequences of cultural competence in the public health sector. Transformative Human Resources Quarterly. 1(4): 34-50 (In Persian)
35. Sadighian, N., Hajialiakbari, F., Doroudi, H. and Lotfizadeh, F. (2023). Presenting the pattern of consequences of visual metaphors of interactive advertising on consumer behavior using Delphi technique. Consumer Behavior Studies Journal, 10(1), 185-213. (In Persian)
36. Ghodsipour, H. (2019). Analytical Hierarchy process. Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic). 224 P. (In Persian)
37. Fallahi, A., Modarresi, M. and Zarei, A. (2022). Identifying and Prioritizing Cultural Barriers to Community-Based Tourism in Iran. Geography and Environmental Planning, 33(2), 85-102. (In Persian)
38. Kiani salmai, S. and Abbasian, S. (2020). The Consequences of Tourism Development on Empowerment of Communities in Rural Areas (Case study: villages of central district of Natanz). Journal of Geography and Planning, 24(71), 339-367. (In Persian)
39. Mahdavinia, N. (2017). Development factors of health tourism in line with sustainable development. National Conference on Knowledge -based Architecture and Urbanism. Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
40. Rahnamayee, M.T., Aliakbari, E. and Safaralizadeh, E. (2017). Evaluate of factors affecting empowerment of tourism development (Case Study: West Azarbaijan province). Journal of Geography and Planning, 21(59), 153-174. (In Persian)
41. Shamsoddini, A., Derakhshan, E. and Karimi, B. (2017). The effect of empowerment of human resources in tourism development Case Study: Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad province. Journal of Regional Planning, 6(24), 89-100. (In Persian)
42. Salehpour, Sh., Esmaeilzadeh, H. and Karimi, Kh. (2016). The reciprocal effects of sustainable tourism development on local community development: A Case study of Naghadeh. Geographical Journal of Tourism Space, 6(21), 41-61. (In Persian)
43. KC, B., Dhungana, A. and Dangi, T.B. (2021). Tourism and the sustainable development goals: Stakeholders’ perspectives from Nepal. Tourism Management Perspectives 38, 100822.
44. Qiu, P., Zhou, Z. and Kim, D- J. (2021). A New Path of Sustainable Development in Traditional Agricultural Areas from the Perspective of Open Innovation—A Coupling and Coordination Study on the Agricultural Industry and the Tourism Industry. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(1). 1-15.
45. World Travel and Tourism Council (a) (2017). Travel & Tourism Economic Impact United States, United Kingdom, www.wttc.org.
46. World Travel and Tourism Council (b) (2017). Travel & Tourism Ecoomic Impact 2017 Iran, www.wttc.org.
47. Nazari, M., Ghaderi, Z. and Fazlavi, S.F. (2016). Study of Effective Factors on The successful implementation of cultural events from the perspective of tourists, Case study SADEH celebration. Journal of Public Administration, 7(4), 699-720. (In Persian)