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      • Open Access Article

        1 - Comparison some of the mineral elements several species plant with the required level of Fashandi race ram (case study: Taleghan ranges)
        Hossein Arzani mahmoud hamidian Hossein Azarnivand Mohammad Ali Zare Chahouki
        In this study concentration of five micro elements Fe, Cu, Zn, Co and Mn in eight species of rangeland forbs Prangus uloptera, Medicago sativa, Lotus goeblia, Trifolium montanum, Sanguisorba minor, Stachys inflate, Melilotus officinalis and Ferula ovina were Measurement More
        In this study concentration of five micro elements Fe, Cu, Zn, Co and Mn in eight species of rangeland forbs Prangus uloptera, Medicago sativa, Lotus goeblia, Trifolium montanum, Sanguisorba minor, Stachys inflate, Melilotus officinalis and Ferula ovina were Measurement. The species sampled at three phenological stages, vegetative, flowering and seeding of random sampling was carried out in Rangeland Taleghan. To measure micro elements atomic absorption devices was used. For comparison of amounts elements with the required level ram of NRC2007 Table were used. The amount of the elements by using the t test with a fixed amount with the level of required ram was compared. The results showed that the amount Zn of most species at all phenological stages is less than the required level of ram, but the amount of Fe, Co, Mn and Co in all species studied at three phenological stage higher than is needed Fashandi race ram, and the amount achieved in all species and phenological stages significant difference in the levels of 99% and 95% with the level of is required in ram. According to the shortage of Zn use of mineral supplements for stay healthy dominant livestock area and reach the optimum level of livestock performance, are necessary. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Identifying the consequences and preconditions of ranger farmers' participation in the implementation of rangeland plans in Guilan province
        Mahnaz Mirakhorli Seyed Akbar Javadi Hossein Arzani
        Management The last decade of the twentieth century has come to an end while human society has been heavily involved in environmental problems and its dangers. One of the most important environmental challenges of the last two decades is the loss of the country's rangel More
        Management The last decade of the twentieth century has come to an end while human society has been heavily involved in environmental problems and its dangers. One of the most important environmental challenges of the last two decades is the loss of the country's rangelands. Rangelands are important because they constitute an important part of renewable resources and still depend on the lives of a significant number of humans and animals. The statistical population of this study is rangeland owners in Guilan province. The total number of rangelands in Guilan province that have rangeland management plans is equal to 6 rangelands. The sample is equal to 5 rangeland owners. The data collection tool in this research is a questionnaire and to test the research hypotheses, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach have been used. The result of the research indicates the positive and significant effect of economic, social, psychological, attitudinal and educational factors on the participation of rangeland owners in the implementation of rangeland management projects. Also, the effect of ranchers 'participation in the implementation of rangeland management projects on rangeland health, increasing livestock production and farmers' satisfaction was positive and significant. Livestock and rangeland balance is one of the most important factors in the destruction of rangelands in Guilan, and until this issue is resolved, all efforts and measures to manage, improve and rehabilitate rangelands are useless or very ineffective. Manuscript profile