A Comparison of Parent Self-Efficacy In Different Type of Family Based on Family Process And Content Model

Subject Areas : Tectonostratigraphy

khatoon mallahi ¹ , sadroall khosravi ²

1 - student
2 - Associate professor

Received: 2019-01-05 Accepted : 2019-07-15 Published : 2019-05-22

Keywords: family process, family content, parents&rsquo, self-efficacy,

Abstract :

This study aimed to compare parents’ self-efficacy in different types of family based on family processand contentmodel. A survey research design was applied and statistical population consisted of all parents of children studying in primary schools of Shiraz in 2016-2017. Three hundred fourty eight students were selected through multistage cluster sampling. Parental self-efficacy scale, family process scale and contentmodel scale were administered to collect data. The data was analyzed by analysis of covariance. The resulted indicated a significant difference in parents’ self-efficacy in different types of family concerning family processand contentmodel. Efficient families significantly enjoyed more self-efficacy than other types of facilities. Father’s self-efficacy is significantly different from those in other types of family in family processand contentmodel. Meanwhile, fathers of efficient families have higher self-efficacy significantly comparing to other types of families. On the other hand, mothers’ self-efficacy is significantly different from those in other types of family in family processand contentmodel, while mothers of efficient families enjoy higher self-efficacy significantly rather than other types of families. In sum, this study showed the validity of the model for categoraizing families.

References:

Abangah, asiye. (2011), Family Performance and General Health of Children. Proceedings of the 2nd National Conference on Psychology - Family Psychology, Marvdasht, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht Branch.

Arjmand, Fr. (2007). Study of the Relationship Between Perfectionism of Parents and their Attitude toward Children. Master's Thesis, Allameh Tabatabaei University of Tehran.

Backgreenhom, Elizabeth (2009). Family in today's world. Afshar Naderi and Bita Madani, Tehran publishing house.

Bahram Ghaffari, S. (2009). Investigating the relationship between general and self-efficacy and sexual self-efficacy of marital status. Master thesis, Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Khatam University.

Beavers, W .R. (2003). Functional And Dysfunctional Families. In G. P. Sholevar, & L. D. Schwoeri (Eds.), Textbook of family and couples therapy(35-54).

Behbahani, Mina (2009). Study of Family Communication Styles in Different Family Types in Process Model and Family Content. Master's Degree in Educational Psychology, Shiraz University.

Bright, Sedigheh (2014). Students' Self-Corruption in Different Family Types in Process Model and Family Content. Master's Thesis, Azad University of Arsanjan Branch.

Brophy, H.E., Schiffman, R.F. & London Bocknek, E. (2011). Toddlers Social-emotional Competence in the contexts of Maternal Emotion Socialization and Contingent Responsiveness in a law-income Sample.Social Development, 20(1), 73-92.

Burgoon, J. K., Hale, J. L. (1987). Validation and measure-ment of the fundamental themes of relational communication. Communication Monographs. Vol. 54, pp. 19-41.

Chenari, Samira and Yousefi, Farideh (2014). The dimensions of adolescent self-efficacy in different species of the family in the tissue model of the process and the content of the family, methods and psychological models, Year 5, No. 18, pp. 24-1.

Chill, David (2009). Families in today's world. Mohammad Mehdi Labibi's publication, Thoughts Publishing.

Cooper, J. E., Holman, J., & Braithwaite, V. A. (2003). Self-esteem and family cohesion: The child’s perspective and adjust-ment. Journal of Marriage and the family. February, pp. 153-159.

Ebrahimi Peshah, Hossein (2006), Marital Satisfaction, New Psychiatric Checklist, p. 13 and 14, p. 108.

Hajian Moghadam, Fatemeh (2013). The Study of Family Studies in the Field of Factors and Factors of the Iranian Family. Women's Research Paper. Year 5, Issue 1: 1-39.

Hajji Gholami Yazdi, Ahedi and Alaqband, Maryam (2012). The effect of education on parenting skill, self-efficacy and self-efficacy, Journal of Scientific Research, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Volume 21, Issue 2, pp. 147-136.

Hartos, J.L. & Power, T.G. (2000). Association between mother and adolescent reports for relations between parent – adolescent communication and adolescent adjustment. Journal of yourth and adolescence , 29, 441-451.

Higgins, E. T. (1996). Shared reality in the self–system: The Social nature of self-regulation. In W. stroebe. & M. Hewstone (Eds), European Review of social Psychology (Vol. 7). New York: Wiley.

Hossein Nasab, Seyyed Dawood, Badri, Rahman; Ghaemian Oscoei, Isan (2009). The Relationship between Personality Characteristics and Interpersonal Conflict Solving Styles with Marital Adaptation of Married Students of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. Quarterly Journal of Educational Management Research, 2 (88): 57-77.

Hosseini Nasab, Davoud, Ahmadian, Fatemeh varavanbakhsh, Mohammad Hossein (2008). Studying the parenting styles with students' self-efficacy and mental health. Journal of Educational Studies and Psychology, 33, 38-21.

Hosseini, Mitra (2012). Relationship between the dimensions of family functioning and the self-regulation of children. Family Quarterly Journal, No. 31, pp. 317-305.

Jafari, Mohammad Ali (2009). The effect of two components of the process and family content on students' academic performance. Master's thesis, Faculty of Psychology, Shiraz University

Jahanshahi Marzieh (2013). Parent parenting practices, self-esteem and self-esteem with general academic progression. Master's thesis for the martyr Bahonar Kerman.

Jalali, Iran and Sarvqud, Sirus (2012). Mediating role of incompatible cognitive schemas in relation to the process and content of the family and ways to counteract the conflicts of adolescents. Psychological Methods and Models, Second Year, No. Seventh.

Karaarslan, G. (2011). Elementary students’ self-efficacy beliefs in science: Role of grade level, gender, and socio-economic status. Science Education International, 22(1), 72-79.

Khalili, Marziehsadat 1 Hashemi , Ladan and Ghasemi, Bijan(2014). Comparison of the Dimensions of Emotional Security in Adolescents Based on Family Type Using the Family Process and Content Model. Journal of Educational and Management Studies, 4(1): 128-134, 2014

Kuhn, J., & Carter, A. (2006). Maternal self-efficacy and associated parenting cognitions among mothers of children with autism. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry,76(4), 564-75.

Kung, H., Lee,CH.(2016). Multidimensionality of parental involvement and children's mathematics achievement in Taiwan: Mediating effect of math self-efficacy, Learning and Individual Differences, Volume 47, April 2016, Pages 266–273.

Larson, J ,. H . & Harper,J.M (2010). Implicit family process rules and adolescent psy chdogical symptoms. The American journal of  family, 38,63-72.

Latifses, V., Estroff, D., Field, T., Bush, J. (2005). Fathers massaging and relaxing their pregnant wives lowered anxiety and facilitate marital adjustment. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 9: 277–282.

Lilliston, L., & Klein, D. J. (1991)."A self–discrepancy reduc-tion model of religious coping". Journal of Clinical Psychology. Vol. 47, No. 6, pp. 854-860.

Lucia, V. C., & Breslau, N. (2006). Family cohesion and children's behavior problems: A longitudinal investigation. Psychiatry research, 141(2), 141-149.

Mandara, M., & Murray, C. B. (2000). "Effect of parental marital status, income and family functioning on African American adolescent self-esteem". Journal of Family Psychology. Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 475-490.

Mazur, J., Szkutink, A. M., Tabak, l. (2014). Changes in family socio-economic status as predictors of self-efficacy in 13-year-old polish adolescents. International Journal of Public Health, 59, 107-115.

Mcclelland, D.C. (1987). Characteristics of successful entrepreneurs. Journal of creativebehavior,27, 219-233.

Micucci, J. A. (2009). The adolescent in family therapy, harnessing the power of relationships (2nd ed.)., New York: Guilford press.

Mishra, S. & Shanwal , V. K. (2014). Role of family environment in developing self- efficacy of adolescent. Integrated Journal of Social Sciences, 1(1), 28-30.

Moretti, M. M., & Higgins, E. T. (1999). "Internal representa-tions of others in self-regulation: A new look at a classic issue". Social cognition, pp. 186-208.

Moretti, M. M., & Wiebe. V. J. (1999). "Self-discrepancy in adolescence: own and parental standpoints on the self". Merrill-palmer quarterly. Vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 624-750.

Olson D. H. L. Russell, C. Smith, S. , & Douglas, H. (1998). Circumplex Model: Systemic Assessment and Treatment of Families.

Olson, D. H. (1990). "Clinical rating scale for Circumplex Model. St. Paul", MN: FamilySocial Science, University of Minnesota.

Olson, D. H. (1999). "Circumplex model of marital and fami-ly systems". Journal of family Therapy. Special edition entitled: Empirical Approaches of family Assessment.

Olson, D. H. (2000). Circumplex Model of marital and family systems. Journal of Family Therapy, 22, 144-167.

Olson, D. H., & Portner, J. (1985). Marriage and the family:Diversity and strengths (pp. 66-97). Mountain View, CA:Mayfield.

Olson, D.H. (1994) Curvilinearity survives: The world is not flat. Family Process, 33, 471-178.

Parelcar, M. S. (2005). "The role of self-worth, social sup-port, and family religious environment in children and adolescents' religious copping following residential fires". A thesis submitted to the faculty of Virginia Polytechnic Institue and State University in partial.

Pekert, A. A., & Thomas, D. C. (2003). "Communication in intercultural interaction" Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 139-154.

Rahmani Farooqi, Zahra (2015). Comparison of Emotional Intelligence among High School Students of Marvdasht Girls in Different Family Families. Postgraduate Diploma of Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht Branch.

Rahmani, Farnaz, Seyyed Fatemi, Naeimeh, Rezaie brothers, Mahin, Sedaghat, Kamran Wafti Azar, Alexander (2006). Relationship between Parents 'Educational Methods and Students' Behavioral Problems. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 12 (4), 370-365.

Rezaei Maryam (2012). Comparing dimensions of adaptability and self-efficacy of students in different family types based on family process model and content. Master's thesis of Marvdasht Islamic Azad University.

Richmond, M. K., & Stocker, C. M. (2006). Associations BetweenFamily Cohesion and Adolescent Siblings' Externalizing Behavior. Journal of family Psychology, 20(4), 663-669.

Rickman, Richard (2008). Personality Theses. Translated by Mehrdad Firesbakht (2013), Arasbaran Publication, Rev. 9.

Robbins, M. S; Bachrach, K; & Szapocznik, J. (2002). Bridging the research-practice gap in adolescent substance abuse treatment: the case of brief strategic family therapy. Journal Of Substance Abuse Treatment, 23, 123-132.

Sadeghi, M., Fatehizadeh, M., Ahmadi, A., Bahrami, F., Etemadi, O.(2013) Developing a model of healthy family (A Qualitative Research). Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 3(7): 216-221.

Salariyafar, Mohammad Reza (2000). The Minuchin Therapy Family Opinion Survey on the Viewpoint of Islam on the Family. End of Master Degree, Clinical Psychology, Research Institute of Higher Education and Science.

Salimi, H., Gohari, S., Kermanshahi, F., Javdan, M.,(2015). On the Prediction of Addiction Potential Based on Family Process and Content Model in High School Students . Research on Addiction Quarterly Journal of Drug Abuse. Vol. 9, No. 34.

Samani S. (2011).Family Process and Content Model: A Contextual Model for Family Studies, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 30 (2011) 2285 – 2292.

Samani, S. (2005). "Family process and content model". Pa-per presented in international society for theoretical psychology conference, 20-24 June, CapeTown, South Aferica..

Samani, S. (2008). Validity and reliability of the family process and content scales. Paper presented in the XXIX international Congress of Psychology, Berlin. Germany.

Samani, S. (2010). "Family types in the family process and content model". Procediasocial and behavioral sciences, 5, 727-732.

Samani, S. (2011). "Family process and content model: A contextual model for family studies". Procedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 2285-2292.

Samani, S., & Abdolahi, N. (2009). Family functions and adolescent mental Health . Paper presented in the World Congress September 2009 of the World Federation for Mental Health, Athens, Greece.

Samani, S., & Sadeghzadeh, M. (2010).Reliability and validity of the Self-Report Family Conflict Scale. Psychological Reports,106 (2), 539-547.

Samani, Siamak; No, Mohammad and Sedaghat, Zeinab (2010). Parenting styles in different family types in the process model and family content. Family Quarterly Journal, Sixth Edition, No. 22, pp. 174-161.

Somoni, Siamak (2012). Student girls' religious self-assumptions prediction based on the dimensions of the histological model of the process and the content of the family. Methods and Psychological Models, Second Year, No. 8, pp. 113-101.

Spilka, B., Hood, J. R., & Gorsuch, R. L. (1985). The psy-chology of religion: An empirical approach. England cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Stanger, C., Kamon, J., Dumenci, L., Higgins, S. T., Bickel, W. K., Grabowski, J., & Amass, L. (2002). Predictors of internalizing and externalizing problems among children of cocaine and opiate dependent parents. Drug and alcohol dependence, 66(2), 199-212.

Tizmaghz, Fatima (2016). The effect of teaching-family-based work management on the self-efficacy and success of female cultural workers in district two. Master's thesis at Shiraz Azad University.

Torabi, Atta (2010). Happiness Examination in Different Family Types Based on Family Process and Family Content in High School Students in Shiraz. Master's thesis of Marvdasht Islamic Azad University

Torabi, Tahereh (2015). The Effect of Family Planning on Parental Effectiveness and Attitudes toward Teaching Druiddin Children of High School Students. Bachelor's Thesis on Growth of Hormozgan University.

World, Sarah (2012), Comparison of the dimensions of mental compatibility and mental health of children in 4 different families (based on family process and family model). Graduate dissertation of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services.

 Zare Mahshid (2015). Comparison of self-esteem, self-regulation and motivational beliefs in different types of families of students in Shiraz. Master's thesis of Marvdasht Islamic Azad University.

Zargar, Yidollah, Mohammadi, Razieh and Besaknejad, Soodabeh (2012) Investigating family processes as predictors of behavioral problems in second-grade undergraduate students in Yasuj. Journal of Psychological Studies, Volume 1, Issue 2.