The Causal Relationship between Organizational Culture and Organizational Silence with Human Resource Productivity with respect to Organizational Citizenship Behavior Among the Municipal Employees
Subject Areas : Business ManagementZekrollah morovati 1 , fatane fathi 2 , zohreh barzegar 3
1 - Assistant Professor, Zanjan University, Department of Psychology, Zanjan, Iran
2 - Ph.D student in Educational Psychology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
3 - Ph.D. Student, Department of Psychology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
Keywords: Organizational silence, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Organizational Culture, human resource productivity, Municipal employees,
Abstract :
The purpose of this causal-correlational study was to investigate the causal relationship between organizational culture and organizational silence with human resource productivity with respect to mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior among the municipal employees in Zanjan. In this study, a sample of 180 municipal employees was randomly selected. The instruments used in this research included the Human Resources Productivity Inventory (Hersey & Goldsmith, 1999), Organizational Citizenship Questionnaire (Podesakoff et al., 1991), Organizational Culture Questionnaire (Denison, 2000) and Organizational Silence Questionnaire (Morrison & Milliken, 2000). The proposed model of the relationships among variables was tested using path analysis software (AMOS-22). The findings emerging from the study revealed that the proposed model of causal relationships among these variables was of an acceptable fit. That is, organizational culture was found directly and indirectly related with human resource productivity through organizational citizenship behavior. Organizational silence was also found related to human resource productivity via organizational citizenship behavior with.
Abbaspour, A., & Badri, M.(2015), The Relationship between Psychological Empowerment and Effective Factors on Human Resources. Improvement Management, 24(79), 1-28, (In Persian).
Acaray, A., &Akturan, A.(2015), The Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behaviour and Organizational Silence.Social and Behavioral Sciences, 207, 472-482.
Ahmadinejad, B., Mohibi Far, R., Akbari, A., Mohtashmzadeh, B.,& Mohagheghpour, A.(2015), The Relationship between Organizational Justice and Productivity among Staff in Educational Hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 6(2), 1-9, (In Persian).
Ali Pour, H.,& Ahmadi, A. (2014), The Relationship between Organizational Culture and Human Resource Efficiency (Case Study: Employees of Jahad Agricultural Organization of Kermanshah City. Third Annual National Conference on Modern Management Sciences, (In Persian).
Alvani, M., Mohammadi, S.,& Mirzaie, M. (2012), The Impact of Organizational Culture on Human Resource Efficiency. Management Quarterly, 28, 1-14, (In Persian).
Amirkhani, A. H., & Aghababaei, F. (2017), Investigating the Effect of Organizational Silence on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Journal of Management Studies, 26(85), 1-16, (In Persian).
Ardalan, M. R., Nasiri Velik Bani, F.,& Sarchehani, Z. (2015), Analysis of the Relationship between Organizational Culture based on the Denison Model and Technology Acceptance. Quarterly Journal of Organizational Behavior Studies, 4(4), 1-24 , (In Persian).
Ataee, M., Ali Nejad, A.,& Rahmani, N. (2014), The Relationship between Manpower Productivity and Organizational Citizen Behavior in Islamic Azad University, Qazvin. Development and Transformation Management, 21, 1-10, (In Persian).
Atafara, A., Fallahneiab, M., & Ameri Shahrabic, M. (2013), A Study on Relationship between Organizational Culture and Productivity. Management Science Letters, 3, 2705-2708.
Badawy, M., Magdy, M.,&Kamel M.(2016), Exploring the Relationship between Organizational Culture, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour.
Badi'i, H., Oliya, S., Nadri, K. H.,& Babakhani, N.(2015), The Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Productivity in Employees (Case Study: Campus Municipality). First International Conference on Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shiraz, Hakim Sharif University of Science and Technology, (In Persian).
Bouradas, D.,& Vokala, M. (2007), Organizational Silence: A New Challenge for Human Resource Management. Athens University of Economics And Business.
Bozorg Nia., F., & Enayati, T., (2014), The Relationship between Organizational Silence and the Performance of University Staff. Journal of Ethics in Science and Technology, 4(4), 1-10, (In Persian).
Buluç B. (2011), The Correlation between Organizational Health and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors at High Schools. J Turkish Educ Sci, 6(4), 571-602.
Curtis, D. (2016), Exploring Vertical and Horizontal Dimensions of Individualism and Collectivism as Predictors of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Barry University.
Denison, D. (2000), Organizational Culture: Can It be a Key Lever for Driving Organizational Change. International Institute for Management Development.
Esmi, K., Piran, M., & Hayat, A. S. (2017),The Mediating Effect of Organizational Culture on the Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. International Review of Management and Marketing. 1(4).
Fatima, A., Salah-Ud-Din, S., Khan, S., Hassan, M., & Hoti, H.A.K. (2015), Impact of Organizational Silence on Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Moderating Role of Procedural Justice. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 3(9).
Hamidianpour, F., Rezaei, B., & Borjoie mojard., S. (2014), The Relationship between Organizational Silence and Normative Commitment with Organizational Citizenship Behavior. The First International Symposium on Management Science with Focus on Sustainable Development, (in Persian).
Harbalioglu M.,& Gültekin, B. J. (2014),The Relationship between Organizational Silence and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Case Study at Kilis 7 Aralik University. International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics.
Karaca, H.(2013), An Exploratory Study on the Impact of Organizational Silence in Hierarchial Organizations: Turkish National Police Case. Journal of European scientific,23(9),38-50.
Kasiri, M.,& Kamalzadeh, H.(2016), Investigating the Factors Affecting the Increase of Manpower Productivity Based on the Hersey and Goldsmith Model. New Research in Management and Accounting, 11, 1-15, (In Persian).
Kelepile, K.,(2015), Impact of Organizational Culture on Productivity and Quality Management: a Case Study in Diamond Operations Unit, DTC Botswana. International Journal of Research in Business Studies and Management,2(9), 35-45.
Mahmoudi, R., Sadeghi Deh Cheshmeh, S.,& Moradi Pordjjani, H.(2015), Explaining the Relationship between Organizational Silence and Organizational Citizenship Behavior by Employees of Farsan Provincial Offices. Third International Conference on Challenges and Solutions, (In Persian).
Mil Afshar, M., Rajabzadeh, A.,& MemarPour, M. (2012), The Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Human Resource Efficiency from the Viewpoint of Staff in Educational Hospitals in Tehran. Journal of Paramedicine Tehran University, 6(2), 1-13, (In Persian).
Mirmohhamadi, S. M. (2014), The Effect of Perceived Justice and Organizational Silence on Organizational Commitment. International Review of Management and Business Research, 1773-1789.
Morrison, E W., & Milliken, F. J.(2000), Organizational Silence:A Barrier to Change and Development in a Pluralistic World. Academy of Management Review, 25(4).
Naiami, A.,& Sugarcane, H. (2006), Investigating the Simple and Multiple Relationships of Organizational Justice with Organizational Citizen Behavior in Employees of an Industrial Organization in Ahvaz City. Journal of Educational Sciences and Psychology, 3(1), 79-92, (In Persian).
Nave Abraham, A. R., & Yousefi, F. (2016),The Factors Affecting Organizational Silence Impede the Creation of Entrepreneurial Enterprise. Journal of Nursing Education Management, 17(2), 1-24, (In Persian).
Nodeh, F.,& Fathi Jahanshahi, K. H. (2012), The Relationship between Organizational Culture and Job Satisfaction of Employees. The First Annual Conference on Modern Management Sciences, (In Persian).
Podskoff, P. M., Mackenzie, S., Moorman, R.,&Fetter, R. (1990), Transformational Leader Behaviors and Their Effects on Organizational Behaviors. The leadership Quarterly, 1, 107-142.
Rahimnia, F., & Alizadeh, M. (2009), The Study of Organizational Culture Dimensions Based on the Denison Model in terms of Faculty Members of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Ferdowsi University of Physical Education and Psychology, 10, (In Persian).
Rajai Pour, S.,& Rahimi, H. (2008), Investigating the Relationship Between Knowledge Management Conversion Process and Performance of Teachers in Isfahan University. Humanities and Social Sciences Research. 31, 1-13,(In Persian).
Rajai Pour, S., &Lahti, S. (2010), Investigating the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Management Components Based on Organizational Values and Providing a Model for Predicting Management Based on Values (Case Study: Abadeh Educational Organization). Quarterly Journal of Educational Management, 4, 125-148,(In Persian).
Ranjbar, M., Zamani, H., & Amiri, N.(2014), The Study on Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Productivity. International Conference on Arts, Economics and Management.
Rezai Sufi, M. (2014), The Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Creativity and Efficiency of Physical Education Faculty Members of Message Noor of Iran. 3(11), 1-18, (In Persian).
Salajeghe, S., Madahian, S. H.,& Meftah, N.(2014), The Study of the Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Productivity among Employees of Pegah Dairy Company of Kerman. International Journal of Economy, Management and Social Sciences, 3(12), 804-809.
Salajeghet, A.,& Safari, S. (2015), The Relationship of Professional Ethics with the Performance of University Professors. Journal of Ethics in Science and Technology. 10(3), 1-8, (In Persian).
Salariyyah, S., Pileh Varzadeh, M., Rafati, F.,& Ghadari, M. (2013), The Relationship between Organizational Culture and Job Satisfaction in Hospital Staff. Case Study. Quarterly Journal of Nursing Management, 2(3), 43-55, (In Persian).
Salimi, J.,&Ramezani, G.(2013), Investigating the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Productivity of Secondary School Teachers. Organizational Behavior, 1(2),1-15,(In Persian).
Shakeri, I., Moini Kia, M., Babaei, R.,& Fotouhi A.(2017), Relationship between Organizational Citizen and Organizational Silence from the Viewpoint of Secondary School Teachers. New Thoughts of Education, 13(1), 1-15, (In Persian).
Shokrkon, H., Naiami, A., Nisi, A. K., & Mehrabizadeh Harmandand, M.(2001), Investigating the Relationship between Job Satisfaction with Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Job Performance among Employees of some Ahwaz Factories. Journal of Educational Sciences and Psychology, 3 & 4, 1-22, (In Persian).
Sotoudeh, M. R. (2016), Investigating the Relationship between Organizational Silence and Job Satisfaction with the Productivity of the Employees of the General Directorate of Education in Fars. Master's Thesis,Marvdasht: Islamic Azad University,(In Persian).
Taghipour, M., Saffari, K.,& Mahboubi, M. (2016), The Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Human Resource Efficiency, Study of Saipa Company. International Conference Industrial Engineering and Management, (In Persian).
Yari Khayavi, S., Ali Dost, I.,& Jalali Farahani, M. (2016), The Relationship between Organizational Culture and Organizational Citizen Behavior in the Ministry of Youth Education. Sports Management, 8(2), 1-15, (In Persian).
Yousefi Saeed Abadi, R.,& Mohammadian, S. (2015), The Relationship between Organizational Silence and Organizational Productivity in Ghaemshahr Education Administration. Journal of Educational Management Research, 7(1), 1-22, (In Persian).
Zarei Matin, H., Taheri, F., &Sayar, A. (2011), Organizational Silence, Concepts of Causes and Consequences. Journal of Management Science of Iran. 6(21), 1-13,(In Persian).
Zariya Zahi, Z., Jabbari, G. H.,& Torbati, A. (2013),The Relationship between Organizational Silence and Organizational Citizen Behavior with the Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment in Jihad Organization of Agriculture in Khash. Quarterly Journal of Governmental Administration. 11(12), 1-13, (In Persian).
Zekreapour, Z.(2014), The Relationship Between Perceived Organizational Silence and the Attitude of Job According to the Mediation of Silence in Employees of the Martyr Foundation and the Affaires of the Guilan Province. Master's Thesis. Rasht: Islamic Azad university,(In Persian).
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Abbaspour, A., & Badri, M.(2015), The Relationship between Psychological Empowerment and Effective Factors on Human Resources. Improvement Management, 24(79), 1-28, (In Persian).
Acaray, A., &Akturan, A.(2015), The Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behaviour and Organizational Silence.Social and Behavioral Sciences, 207, 472-482.
Ahmadinejad, B., Mohibi Far, R., Akbari, A., Mohtashmzadeh, B.,& Mohagheghpour, A.(2015), The Relationship between Organizational Justice and Productivity among Staff in Educational Hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 6(2), 1-9, (In Persian).
Ali Pour, H.,& Ahmadi, A. (2014), The Relationship between Organizational Culture and Human Resource Efficiency (Case Study: Employees of Jahad Agricultural Organization of Kermanshah City. Third Annual National Conference on Modern Management Sciences, (In Persian).
Alvani, M., Mohammadi, S.,& Mirzaie, M. (2012), The Impact of Organizational Culture on Human Resource Efficiency. Management Quarterly, 28, 1-14, (In Persian).
Amirkhani, A. H., & Aghababaei, F. (2017), Investigating the Effect of Organizational Silence on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Journal of Management Studies, 26(85), 1-16, (In Persian).
Ardalan, M. R., Nasiri Velik Bani, F.,& Sarchehani, Z. (2015), Analysis of the Relationship between Organizational Culture based on the Denison Model and Technology Acceptance. Quarterly Journal of Organizational Behavior Studies, 4(4), 1-24 , (In Persian).
Ataee, M., Ali Nejad, A.,& Rahmani, N. (2014), The Relationship between Manpower Productivity and Organizational Citizen Behavior in Islamic Azad University, Qazvin. Development and Transformation Management, 21, 1-10, (In Persian).
Atafara, A., Fallahneiab, M., & Ameri Shahrabic, M. (2013), A Study on Relationship between Organizational Culture and Productivity. Management Science Letters, 3, 2705-2708.
Badawy, M., Magdy, M.,&Kamel M.(2016), Exploring the Relationship between Organizational Culture, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour.
Badi'i, H., Oliya, S., Nadri, K. H.,& Babakhani, N.(2015), The Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Productivity in Employees (Case Study: Campus Municipality). First International Conference on Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shiraz, Hakim Sharif University of Science and Technology, (In Persian).
Bouradas, D.,& Vokala, M. (2007), Organizational Silence: A New Challenge for Human Resource Management. Athens University of Economics And Business.
Bozorg Nia., F., & Enayati, T., (2014), The Relationship between Organizational Silence and the Performance of University Staff. Journal of Ethics in Science and Technology, 4(4), 1-10, (In Persian).
Buluç B. (2011), The Correlation between Organizational Health and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors at High Schools. J Turkish Educ Sci, 6(4), 571-602.
Curtis, D. (2016), Exploring Vertical and Horizontal Dimensions of Individualism and Collectivism as Predictors of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Barry University.
Denison, D. (2000), Organizational Culture: Can It be a Key Lever for Driving Organizational Change. International Institute for Management Development.
Esmi, K., Piran, M., & Hayat, A. S. (2017),The Mediating Effect of Organizational Culture on the Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. International Review of Management and Marketing. 1(4).
Fatima, A., Salah-Ud-Din, S., Khan, S., Hassan, M., & Hoti, H.A.K. (2015), Impact of Organizational Silence on Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Moderating Role of Procedural Justice. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 3(9).
Hamidianpour, F., Rezaei, B., & Borjoie mojard., S. (2014), The Relationship between Organizational Silence and Normative Commitment with Organizational Citizenship Behavior. The First International Symposium on Management Science with Focus on Sustainable Development, (in Persian).
Harbalioglu M.,& Gültekin, B. J. (2014),The Relationship between Organizational Silence and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Case Study at Kilis 7 Aralik University. International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics.
Karaca, H.(2013), An Exploratory Study on the Impact of Organizational Silence in Hierarchial Organizations: Turkish National Police Case. Journal of European scientific,23(9),38-50.
Kasiri, M.,& Kamalzadeh, H.(2016), Investigating the Factors Affecting the Increase of Manpower Productivity Based on the Hersey and Goldsmith Model. New Research in Management and Accounting, 11, 1-15, (In Persian).
Kelepile, K.,(2015), Impact of Organizational Culture on Productivity and Quality Management: a Case Study in Diamond Operations Unit, DTC Botswana. International Journal of Research in Business Studies and Management,2(9), 35-45.
Mahmoudi, R., Sadeghi Deh Cheshmeh, S.,& Moradi Pordjjani, H.(2015), Explaining the Relationship between Organizational Silence and Organizational Citizenship Behavior by Employees of Farsan Provincial Offices. Third International Conference on Challenges and Solutions, (In Persian).
Mil Afshar, M., Rajabzadeh, A.,& MemarPour, M. (2012), The Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Human Resource Efficiency from the Viewpoint of Staff in Educational Hospitals in Tehran. Journal of Paramedicine Tehran University, 6(2), 1-13, (In Persian).
Mirmohhamadi, S. M. (2014), The Effect of Perceived Justice and Organizational Silence on Organizational Commitment. International Review of Management and Business Research, 1773-1789.
Morrison, E W., & Milliken, F. J.(2000), Organizational Silence:A Barrier to Change and Development in a Pluralistic World. Academy of Management Review, 25(4).
Naiami, A.,& Sugarcane, H. (2006), Investigating the Simple and Multiple Relationships of Organizational Justice with Organizational Citizen Behavior in Employees of an Industrial Organization in Ahvaz City. Journal of Educational Sciences and Psychology, 3(1), 79-92, (In Persian).
Nave Abraham, A. R., & Yousefi, F. (2016),The Factors Affecting Organizational Silence Impede the Creation of Entrepreneurial Enterprise. Journal of Nursing Education Management, 17(2), 1-24, (In Persian).
Nodeh, F.,& Fathi Jahanshahi, K. H. (2012), The Relationship between Organizational Culture and Job Satisfaction of Employees. The First Annual Conference on Modern Management Sciences, (In Persian).
Podskoff, P. M., Mackenzie, S., Moorman, R.,&Fetter, R. (1990), Transformational Leader Behaviors and Their Effects on Organizational Behaviors. The leadership Quarterly, 1, 107-142.
Rahimnia, F., & Alizadeh, M. (2009), The Study of Organizational Culture Dimensions Based on the Denison Model in terms of Faculty Members of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Ferdowsi University of Physical Education and Psychology, 10, (In Persian).
Rajai Pour, S.,& Rahimi, H. (2008), Investigating the Relationship Between Knowledge Management Conversion Process and Performance of Teachers in Isfahan University. Humanities and Social Sciences Research. 31, 1-13,(In Persian).
Rajai Pour, S., &Lahti, S. (2010), Investigating the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Management Components Based on Organizational Values and Providing a Model for Predicting Management Based on Values (Case Study: Abadeh Educational Organization). Quarterly Journal of Educational Management, 4, 125-148,(In Persian).
Ranjbar, M., Zamani, H., & Amiri, N.(2014), The Study on Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Productivity. International Conference on Arts, Economics and Management.
Rezai Sufi, M. (2014), The Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Creativity and Efficiency of Physical Education Faculty Members of Message Noor of Iran. 3(11), 1-18, (In Persian).
Salajeghe, S., Madahian, S. H.,& Meftah, N.(2014), The Study of the Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Productivity among Employees of Pegah Dairy Company of Kerman. International Journal of Economy, Management and Social Sciences, 3(12), 804-809.
Salajeghet, A.,& Safari, S. (2015), The Relationship of Professional Ethics with the Performance of University Professors. Journal of Ethics in Science and Technology. 10(3), 1-8, (In Persian).
Salariyyah, S., Pileh Varzadeh, M., Rafati, F.,& Ghadari, M. (2013), The Relationship between Organizational Culture and Job Satisfaction in Hospital Staff. Case Study. Quarterly Journal of Nursing Management, 2(3), 43-55, (In Persian).
Salimi, J.,&Ramezani, G.(2013), Investigating the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Productivity of Secondary School Teachers. Organizational Behavior, 1(2),1-15,(In Persian).
Shakeri, I., Moini Kia, M., Babaei, R.,& Fotouhi A.(2017), Relationship between Organizational Citizen and Organizational Silence from the Viewpoint of Secondary School Teachers. New Thoughts of Education, 13(1), 1-15, (In Persian).
Shokrkon, H., Naiami, A., Nisi, A. K., & Mehrabizadeh Harmandand, M.(2001), Investigating the Relationship between Job Satisfaction with Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Job Performance among Employees of some Ahwaz Factories. Journal of Educational Sciences and Psychology, 3 & 4, 1-22, (In Persian).
Sotoudeh, M. R. (2016), Investigating the Relationship between Organizational Silence and Job Satisfaction with the Productivity of the Employees of the General Directorate of Education in Fars. Master's Thesis,Marvdasht: Islamic Azad University,(In Persian).
Taghipour, M., Saffari, K.,& Mahboubi, M. (2016), The Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Human Resource Efficiency, Study of Saipa Company. International Conference Industrial Engineering and Management, (In Persian).
Yari Khayavi, S., Ali Dost, I.,& Jalali Farahani, M. (2016), The Relationship between Organizational Culture and Organizational Citizen Behavior in the Ministry of Youth Education. Sports Management, 8(2), 1-15, (In Persian).
Yousefi Saeed Abadi, R.,& Mohammadian, S. (2015), The Relationship between Organizational Silence and Organizational Productivity in Ghaemshahr Education Administration. Journal of Educational Management Research, 7(1), 1-22, (In Persian).
Zarei Matin, H., Taheri, F., &Sayar, A. (2011), Organizational Silence, Concepts of Causes and Consequences. Journal of Management Science of Iran. 6(21), 1-13,(In Persian).
Zariya Zahi, Z., Jabbari, G. H.,& Torbati, A. (2013),The Relationship between Organizational Silence and Organizational Citizen Behavior with the Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment in Jihad Organization of Agriculture in Khash. Quarterly Journal of Governmental Administration. 11(12), 1-13, (In Persian).
Zekreapour, Z.(2014), The Relationship Between Perceived Organizational Silence and the Attitude of Job According to the Mediation of Silence in Employees of the Martyr Foundation and the Affaires of the Guilan Province. Master's Thesis. Rasht: Islamic Azad university,(In Persian).