A Study of HR Practices Affecting the Perceived Productivity of Teleworkers (Case Study: Ministry of Cooperation, Labour and Social Welfare)
Subject Areas : Business ManagementMehdi Hagi kaffash 1 , Mohammad Rasul Almasi fard 2 , Jahanyar Bamdad soufi 3
1 - Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Allameh Tabataba'i University
2 - Ph.D. student of business management (human resource orientation), Allameh Tabataba'i University
3 - Associate Professor of Industrial Management, Allameh Tabatabaei University
Keywords: Management, Telework, Human Resource Practices, Job productivity,
Abstract :
The present article examines the impact of human resource activities on the perceived job productivity of teleworkers. Analyzing the data from a survey among 217 Teleworkers in the Ministry of Cooperation, Labour and Social Welfare shows that various activities of human resources in accordance with telework arrangements have significantly improved the job productivity of teleworkers. Results of testing the hypotheses by structural equation modeling indicate that voluntary selection, job involvement, output-based control, electronic monitoring, variable pay and social protection have a positive impact on the job productivity of teleworkers. However, the research data do not confirm the influence of cooperative learning and behavioral training. Based on these findings, the paper emphasizes that managerial contingencies in the field of human resources are critical and in this way policy makers and practitioners should consider them for the successful implementation of telework arrangements
Akiko Inaba, Thepchai Supnithi, Mitsuru Ikeda, Riichiro Mizoguchi, and Jun’ichi Toyoda (2003), “Learning Goal Ontology for Structuring a Collaborative Learning Group Supported by Learning Theories”, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, 567-0047 Japan
Akyeampong, E. (2007), ‘‘Working at home: an update’’, Perspectives on Labour and Income, Vol. 19 No. 3, pp. 17-19.
Azar, A. (2007). Statistics and Application in Management. Tehran: Samt Publication, (In Persian).
Baruch, Y. (2001), “The status of research on teleworking and an agenda for future research”, International Journal of Management Review, Vol. 3 No. 2, pp. 113-29.
Belanger, F. (1999), ‘‘Workers’ propensity to telecommute: an empirical study’’, Information & Management, Vol. 35, pp.139-53
Bosch-Sijtsema, P., Ruohoma¨ ki, V. and Vartiainen, M. (2010), ‘‘Multi-locational knowledge workers in the office: navigation, disturbances and effectiveness’’, New Technology, Work, and Employment, Vol. 25 No. 3, pp. 183-97.
Cecily Raiborn and Janet B. Butler (2009),” A New Look at Telecommuting and Teleworking” The Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance / July/August 2009
Clear, F. and K. Dickson (2005), ‘Teleworking Practice in Small and Medium-Sized Firms: Management Style and Worker Autonomy’,New Technology,Work and Employment 20,3,218-233.
Fan Ng, C. (2010), ‘‘Teleworker’s home office: an extension of corporate office?’’, Facilities, Vol. 28 Nos 3-4, pp. 137-55.
Gerda Mihhailova, (2009),"Management challenges arising from the use of virtual work", Baltic Journal of Management, Vol. 4 Iss: 1 pp. 80 – 93
Gilly salmon, John allan, and Ken giles (2000), Training and development for online working. In: Daniels, K., Lamond, D., Standen, P. (Eds.), Managing Telework. ITP, Londres. pp. 135-148.
Hertel, G., Geister, S. and Konrad, U. (2005), “Managing virtual teams: a review of current empirical research”, Human Resource Management Review, Vol. 15 No. 1, pp. 69-95.
Illegems, V. and Verbeke, A. (2004), “Telework: what does it mean for management?”, Long Range Planning, Vol. 37 No. 4, pp. 319-34.
Julianne Mahler. (2012), “The Telework Divide : Managerial and Personnel Challenges of Telework”, Review of Public Personnel Administration, 32(4) 407–418
Kowalski, Berube. Swanson, Jennifer (2005) "Critical success factors in developing teleworking programs", Benchmarking: An International Journal, Vol. 12 Is: 3, pp.236 – 249
Laurent Taskin (2012), Book review: New Ways of Organizing Work: Developments, Perspectives and Experiences, Management Learning, 43: 467
Laurent Taskin (2012), New Ways of Organizing Work: Developments, Perspectives and Experiences, Book review, pp.466-470, available at Management Learning: http://mlq.sagepub.com/
Lautsch, B., Kossek, E. and Eaton, S. (2009), ‘‘Supervisory approaches and paradoxes in managing telecommuting implementation’’, Human Relations, Vol. 62 No. 6, pp. 795-808.
Manafi, A. (2010). Telework, Scientific and Promotion Quarterly of Management and Development, (In Persian).
Mayo, M., Pastor, J., Gomez-Mejia, L. and Cruz, C. (2009), ‘‘Why some firms adopt telecommuting while others do not: a contingency perspective’’, Human Resource Management, Vol. 48 No. 6, pp. 917-31.
Mohamed Gamal Aboelmaged, Shawky Mohamed El Subbaugh, (2012),"Factors influencing perceived productivity of Egyptian teleworkers: an empirical study", Measuring Business Excellence, Vol. 16 Iss: 2 pp. 3-22
Neal Ward, Ghasson Shabha, (2001),"Teleworking: an assessment of socio-psychological factors", Facilities, Vol. 19 Iss: 1 pp. 61- 71
Nilles, J. (1998), Managing Telework Strategies for Managing the Virtual Workforce, Wiley, New York, NY No. 12, pp. 775-83.
Offstein, E., Morwick, J. and Koskinen, L. (2010), ‘‘Making telework work: leading people and leveraging technology for competitive advantage’’, Strategic HR Review, Vol. 9 No. 2, pp. 32-7.
Perez, Sanchez, de Luis Carnicer, Jiménez, (2002),"Knowledge tasks and teleworking: a taxonomy model of feasibility adoption", Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 6 Iss: 3 pp. 272 – 284 Permanent link to
Perez, Sanchez, de Luis Carnicer, Jimenez, Maria Jose, (2004), “A technology acceptance model of innovation adoption: the case of teleworking”, European Journal of Innovation Management, Vol 7. NO. 4, pp 280-291
Perez, Sancheza, de Luis Carnicera,1, Marıa Jose Vela Jimenezb,” The differences of firm resources and the adoption of Teleworking”, Technovation 25 (2005) 1476–1483
Perincherry, V. (2009), ‘‘A framework for evaluating regional impacts of broadband internet access: application to telecommuting behavior’’, Decision Economics, available at: http://ssrn.com/pp.1-13
Peters,P. Dulk,L. Ruijter.j (2010)” May I work from home? Views of the employment relationship reflected in line mana gers’ telework attitudes in six financial-sector organizations” Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal Vol. 29 No. 5 .pp. 517-531
Pyoria, P. (2011), “Managing telework: risks, fears and rules", Management Research Review, Vol. 34 Iss: 4 pp. 386 – 399
Ramirez, Y. and Nembhard, D. (2004), ‘‘Measuring knowledge worker productivity: a taxonomy’’, Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol. 5 No. 4, pp. 602-628.
Sanchez, Perez, Luis Carnicer and Maria Jose´ Vela Jime´nez (2007) Teleworking and workplaceflexibility: a study of impact on firm performance, Personnel ReviewVol. 36 No. 1.
Sanchez,Perez,Vela-Jimenez and Luis-Carnicer (2008), “Telework adoption, change management, and firm performance”, Journal of Organizational Change Management Vol. 21 No. 1, pp. 7-31
Stewart, G. L., & Browne, K. J. (2010). Human Resource Management; Transformation of Strategy and Practice. Translated by: S. M. Arabi & M. Fayyazi, Tehran: Mahkama Publication, (In Persian).
Steward, B., (2000). Changing times – the meaning, measurement and use of time in teleworking. Time and Society 9 (1), 57–74.
Susanne Tietze, Gill Musson, Tracy Scurry, (2009),"Homebased work: a review of research into themes, directions and implications", Personnel Review, Vol. 38 Iss: 6 pp. 585 – 604
Suzanne Richbell, (2001),"Trends and emerging values in human resource management - The UK scene",International Journal of Manpower, Vol. 22 Iss: 3 pp. 261 – 268
Takao Maruyama, Susanne Tietze, (2012),"From anxiety to assurance: concerns and outcomes of telework", Personnel Review, Vol. 41 Iss: 4 pp. 450 – 469
Taskin, L. and Edwards, P. (2007), “The possibilities and limits of telework in a bureaucratic environment: lessons from the public sector”, New Technology, Work and Employment, Vol. 22 No. 3, pp. 195-207.
Taskin, L. and V. Devos (2005), ‘Paradoxes from the Individualization of HRM: The Case of Telework’, Journal of Business Ethics 62, 13–24.
Tregaskis, O. and Daniels, K. (2000), “Organizational learning”, in Daniels, K., Lamond, D.A. and Standen, P. (Eds), Managing Telework, Thomson Learning, London, pp. 125-33.
Ward, N. and Shabha, G. (2001), “Teleworking: an assessment of socio-psychological factors”, Facilities, Vol. 19 No. 1/2, pp. 61-70.
Wicks, D. (2002), “Successfully increasing technological control through minimizing workplace resistance: understanding the willingness to telework”, Management Decision, Vol. 40 No. 7, pp. 672-81.
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Akiko Inaba, Thepchai Supnithi, Mitsuru Ikeda, Riichiro Mizoguchi, and Jun’ichi Toyoda (2003), “Learning Goal Ontology for Structuring a Collaborative Learning Group Supported by Learning Theories”, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, 567-0047 Japan
Akyeampong, E. (2007), ‘‘Working at home: an update’’, Perspectives on Labour and Income, Vol. 19 No. 3, pp. 17-19.
Azar, A. (2007). Statistics and Application in Management. Tehran: Samt Publication, (In Persian).
Baruch, Y. (2001), “The status of research on teleworking and an agenda for future research”, International Journal of Management Review, Vol. 3 No. 2, pp. 113-29.
Belanger, F. (1999), ‘‘Workers’ propensity to telecommute: an empirical study’’, Information & Management, Vol. 35, pp.139-53
Bosch-Sijtsema, P., Ruohoma¨ ki, V. and Vartiainen, M. (2010), ‘‘Multi-locational knowledge workers in the office: navigation, disturbances and effectiveness’’, New Technology, Work, and Employment, Vol. 25 No. 3, pp. 183-97.
Cecily Raiborn and Janet B. Butler (2009),” A New Look at Telecommuting and Teleworking” The Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance / July/August 2009
Clear, F. and K. Dickson (2005), ‘Teleworking Practice in Small and Medium-Sized Firms: Management Style and Worker Autonomy’,New Technology,Work and Employment 20,3,218-233.
Fan Ng, C. (2010), ‘‘Teleworker’s home office: an extension of corporate office?’’, Facilities, Vol. 28 Nos 3-4, pp. 137-55.
Gerda Mihhailova, (2009),"Management challenges arising from the use of virtual work", Baltic Journal of Management, Vol. 4 Iss: 1 pp. 80 – 93
Gilly salmon, John allan, and Ken giles (2000), Training and development for online working. In: Daniels, K., Lamond, D., Standen, P. (Eds.), Managing Telework. ITP, Londres. pp. 135-148.
Hertel, G., Geister, S. and Konrad, U. (2005), “Managing virtual teams: a review of current empirical research”, Human Resource Management Review, Vol. 15 No. 1, pp. 69-95.
Illegems, V. and Verbeke, A. (2004), “Telework: what does it mean for management?”, Long Range Planning, Vol. 37 No. 4, pp. 319-34.
Julianne Mahler. (2012), “The Telework Divide : Managerial and Personnel Challenges of Telework”, Review of Public Personnel Administration, 32(4) 407–418
Kowalski, Berube. Swanson, Jennifer (2005) "Critical success factors in developing teleworking programs", Benchmarking: An International Journal, Vol. 12 Is: 3, pp.236 – 249
Laurent Taskin (2012), Book review: New Ways of Organizing Work: Developments, Perspectives and Experiences, Management Learning, 43: 467
Laurent Taskin (2012), New Ways of Organizing Work: Developments, Perspectives and Experiences, Book review, pp.466-470, available at Management Learning: http://mlq.sagepub.com/
Lautsch, B., Kossek, E. and Eaton, S. (2009), ‘‘Supervisory approaches and paradoxes in managing telecommuting implementation’’, Human Relations, Vol. 62 No. 6, pp. 795-808.
Manafi, A. (2010). Telework, Scientific and Promotion Quarterly of Management and Development, (In Persian).
Mayo, M., Pastor, J., Gomez-Mejia, L. and Cruz, C. (2009), ‘‘Why some firms adopt telecommuting while others do not: a contingency perspective’’, Human Resource Management, Vol. 48 No. 6, pp. 917-31.
Mohamed Gamal Aboelmaged, Shawky Mohamed El Subbaugh, (2012),"Factors influencing perceived productivity of Egyptian teleworkers: an empirical study", Measuring Business Excellence, Vol. 16 Iss: 2 pp. 3-22
Neal Ward, Ghasson Shabha, (2001),"Teleworking: an assessment of socio-psychological factors", Facilities, Vol. 19 Iss: 1 pp. 61- 71
Nilles, J. (1998), Managing Telework Strategies for Managing the Virtual Workforce, Wiley, New York, NY No. 12, pp. 775-83.
Offstein, E., Morwick, J. and Koskinen, L. (2010), ‘‘Making telework work: leading people and leveraging technology for competitive advantage’’, Strategic HR Review, Vol. 9 No. 2, pp. 32-7.
Perez, Sanchez, de Luis Carnicer, Jiménez, (2002),"Knowledge tasks and teleworking: a taxonomy model of feasibility adoption", Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 6 Iss: 3 pp. 272 – 284 Permanent link to
Perez, Sanchez, de Luis Carnicer, Jimenez, Maria Jose, (2004), “A technology acceptance model of innovation adoption: the case of teleworking”, European Journal of Innovation Management, Vol 7. NO. 4, pp 280-291
Perez, Sancheza, de Luis Carnicera,1, Marıa Jose Vela Jimenezb,” The differences of firm resources and the adoption of Teleworking”, Technovation 25 (2005) 1476–1483
Perincherry, V. (2009), ‘‘A framework for evaluating regional impacts of broadband internet access: application to telecommuting behavior’’, Decision Economics, available at: http://ssrn.com/pp.1-13
Peters,P. Dulk,L. Ruijter.j (2010)” May I work from home? Views of the employment relationship reflected in line mana gers’ telework attitudes in six financial-sector organizations” Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal Vol. 29 No. 5 .pp. 517-531
Pyoria, P. (2011), “Managing telework: risks, fears and rules", Management Research Review, Vol. 34 Iss: 4 pp. 386 – 399
Ramirez, Y. and Nembhard, D. (2004), ‘‘Measuring knowledge worker productivity: a taxonomy’’, Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol. 5 No. 4, pp. 602-628.
Sanchez, Perez, Luis Carnicer and Maria Jose´ Vela Jime´nez (2007) Teleworking and workplaceflexibility: a study of impact on firm performance, Personnel ReviewVol. 36 No. 1.
Sanchez,Perez,Vela-Jimenez and Luis-Carnicer (2008), “Telework adoption, change management, and firm performance”, Journal of Organizational Change Management Vol. 21 No. 1, pp. 7-31
Stewart, G. L., & Browne, K. J. (2010). Human Resource Management; Transformation of Strategy and Practice. Translated by: S. M. Arabi & M. Fayyazi, Tehran: Mahkama Publication, (In Persian).
Steward, B., (2000). Changing times – the meaning, measurement and use of time in teleworking. Time and Society 9 (1), 57–74.
Susanne Tietze, Gill Musson, Tracy Scurry, (2009),"Homebased work: a review of research into themes, directions and implications", Personnel Review, Vol. 38 Iss: 6 pp. 585 – 604
Suzanne Richbell, (2001),"Trends and emerging values in human resource management - The UK scene",International Journal of Manpower, Vol. 22 Iss: 3 pp. 261 – 268
Takao Maruyama, Susanne Tietze, (2012),"From anxiety to assurance: concerns and outcomes of telework", Personnel Review, Vol. 41 Iss: 4 pp. 450 – 469
Taskin, L. and Edwards, P. (2007), “The possibilities and limits of telework in a bureaucratic environment: lessons from the public sector”, New Technology, Work and Employment, Vol. 22 No. 3, pp. 195-207.
Taskin, L. and V. Devos (2005), ‘Paradoxes from the Individualization of HRM: The Case of Telework’, Journal of Business Ethics 62, 13–24.
Tregaskis, O. and Daniels, K. (2000), “Organizational learning”, in Daniels, K., Lamond, D.A. and Standen, P. (Eds), Managing Telework, Thomson Learning, London, pp. 125-33.
Ward, N. and Shabha, G. (2001), “Teleworking: an assessment of socio-psychological factors”, Facilities, Vol. 19 No. 1/2, pp. 61-70.
Wicks, D. (2002), “Successfully increasing technological control through minimizing workplace resistance: understanding the willingness to telework”, Management Decision, Vol. 40 No. 7, pp. 672-81.