Effects of exercise intensity on RBP4 levels in female athletes
Subject Areas : Journal of Physical Activity and Hormones
Narges Ahmadi
1
(
PhD candidate in Exercise physiology, Department of Exercise physiology, Lar branch, Islamic Azad University, Lar, Iran
)
Keywords: Female athletes, Exercise intensity, RBP4, Lipocalin,
Abstract :
Introduction: Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been described as an adipokine that contributes to insulin resistance, obesity and the metabolic syndrome. The aim of present study was to examine the effects of exercise intensity on RBP4 levels in female athletes. Material & Methods: 30 female karate athletics were randomly assigned to one of the High intensity training group (HIT, n=10), moderate intensity training group (MIT, n=10), or control group (n=10). The HIT training group performed endurance training 3 days a week for 8 weeks at an intensity corresponding to 75-80% individual maximum oxygen consumption for 45 min. The MIT group performed endurance training at the same days, times and duration at an intensity corresponding to 50-60% individual maximum oxygen consumption for 45 min. Results: Body mass and BMI increased (P<0.05) after 8 weeks HIT and MIT compared to the control group. For body fat percentage and maximal oxygen consumption there were no significant differences between the exercise groups and the control group. There were virtually no changes in body fat percentage, fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance and RBP4 levels after 8 weeks HIT and MIT. Conclusions: Serum RBP4 levels were not affected by 8 weeks HIT and MIT in female athletes.
References
1. Rask L, Anundi H, Fohlman J, Peterson PA. The complete amino acid sequence of human serum retinol-binding protein. Upsal J Med Sci 1987; 92: 115-146.
2. Rocchi M, Covone A, Romeo G, Faranio R, Colantuni V. Regional mapping of RBP4 to 10q23-q24 and RBP1 to 3q21-q22 in man. Somatic Cell Molecul Genetic 1984; 15: 185-190.
3. Quadro L, Blaner WS, Salchow DJ, Vogel S, Piantedosi R, Gouras P, et al. Impaired retinal function and vitamin A availability in mice lacking retinol-binding protein. Europ Molecul Biol Organization J 1999; 18: 4633-4644.
4. Kloting N, Graham TE, Berndt J, Kralisch S, Kovacs P, Wason CJ, et al. Serum retinol-binding protein is more highly expressed in visceral than in subcutaneous adipose tissue and is a marker of intra-abdominal fat mass. Cell Metab 2007; 6: 79-87.
5. Yang Q, Graham TE, Mody N, Preitner F, Peroni OD, Zabolotny JM, et al. Serum retinol binding protein 4 contributes to insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Nature2005; 436: 356-362.
6. Graham TE, Yang Q, Bluher M, Hammarstedt A, Ciaraldi TP, Henry RR, et al. Retinol-binding protein 4 and insulin resistance in lean, obese, and diabetic subjects. New Engl J Med 2006; 354: 2552-2563.
7. Seo JA, Kim NH, Park SY, Kim HY, Ryu OH, Lee KW, et al. Serum retinol-binding protein 4 levels are elevated in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Endocrinol 2008; 68: 555-560.
8. Cho YM, Youn BS, Lee H, Lee N, Min SS, Kwak SH, et al. Plasma retinol-binding protein-4 concentrations are elevated in human subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 2457-2461.
9. Mansouri M, Keshtkar A, Hasani-Ranjbar S, Soleymani Far E, Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Omidfar K, et al. The impact of one session resistance exercise on plasma adiponectin and RBP4 concentration in trained and untrained healthy young men. Endocr J 2011; 58: 861-868.
10. Lim S, Choi SH, Jeong IK, Kim JH, Moon MK, Park KS, et al. Insulin-sensitizing effects of exercise on adiponectin and retinol-binding protein-4 concentrations in young and middle-aged women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93: 2263-2268.
11. Numao S, Sasai H, Nomata Y, Matsuo T, Eto M, Tsujimoto T, et al. Effects of exercise training on circulating retinol-binding protein 4 and cardiovascular disease risk factors in obese men. Obes Facts 2012; 5: 845-855.
12. Ku YH, Han KA, Ahn H, Kwon H, Koo BK, Kim HC, et al. Resistance exercise did not alter intramuscular adipose tissue but reduced retinol-binding protein-4 concentration in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Int Med Res 2010; 38: 782-791.
13. ACSM; ACSM guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. 2005; 21-30.
14. Emoto M, Nishizawa Y, Maekawa K, Hiura Y, Kanda H, Kawagishi T. Homeostasis model assessment as a clinical index of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients treated with sulfonylureas. Diabetes Care 1999; 22: 818-822.
15. Gavi S, Stuart LM, Kelly P, Melendez MM, Mynarick DC, Gelato MC, et al. Retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with insulin resistance and body fat distribution in nonobese subjects without type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 1886-1890.
16. Cho YM, Youn BS, Lee H, Lee N, Min SS, Kwak SH, et al. Plasma retinol-binding protein-4 concentrations are elevated in human subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 2457-2461.
17. Janke J, Engli S, Boschmann M, Adams F, Böhnke J, Luft FC, et al. Retinol-binding protein 4 in human obesity. Diabetes 2006; 55: 2805-2810.
18. Yao-Borengasser A, Varma V, Bodles AM, Rasouli N, Phanavanh B, Lee MJ, et al. Retinol binding protein 4 expression in humans: relationship to insulin resistance, inflammation, and response to pioglitazone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 2590-2597.
19. Qi Q, Yu Z, Ye X, Zhao F, Huang P, Hu FB, et al. Elevated retinol-binding protein 4 levels are associated with metabolic syndrome in Chinese people. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 4827-4834.