Trichoderma harzianum and Fe Spray Improve Growth Properties of Spathiphyllum sp.

Subject Areas : Journal of Ornamental Plants

Zahra  Jalali ¹ (Horticulture Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Khorasan razavi, Iran)
Mahmood  Shoor ² (Horticulture Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Khorasan razavi, Iran)
Sayed Hosein  Nemati ³ (Horticulture Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Khorasan razavi, Iran)
Hamid  Rouhany ⁴ (Horticulture Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Khorasan razavi, Iran)

Received: 2015-08-08 Accepted : 2015-08-08 Published : 2014-09-01

Keywords: Growth characteristics, Bi strain, fe, Potted plant,

Abstract :

Effects of Fe and Trichoderma harzianum Bi strain on plant growth and development of Spathiphyllum were investigated. Experiments were carried out in an glasshouse and in pots filled with soil, perlite and coco peat (1:1:1) were used as the growing medium. Plant roots (seedlings with three leaves) were inoculated with Trichoderma (0 and 8% w/w) as media mixture. Fe spray (0, 0.75, 1.5, 3 g/L), was applied 3 times on a month interval after Trichoderma inoculation. Factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. After six months, the plants were sampled for growth comparisons. Based on results Trichoderma improved morphological characteristics (P≤0.01). There were differences between the untreated control and the treatments for all of the growth parameters with the exception of spathe area and number of flowers. Fe spray and intraction between Trichoderma and Fe significantly increased all morphological growth parameters with the exception of spathe area, leaf area and number of flowers. By applying Terichoderma sucker number (400%), leaf number (586%), sucker fresh weight (386 %) and sucker dry weight (583%) significantly increased compared with control. The data obtained from the experiment showed the potential of Tichoderma and Fe spray to enhance growth and development of Spathiphyllum sp. in greenhouse conditions.

References:

1. Altintas, S. and Bal, U. 2007. Effects of the commercial product based on Trichoderma harzianum on plant, bulb and yield characteristics of onion. Scientia Horticulturae, Corrected Proof, Available on line 31 December 2007; [DOI via Crossref]    J. Scienta. 11.012.

2. Altomare, C., Norvell, W.A., Bjorkman, T. and Harman G.E. 1999. Solubilization of phosphates and micronutrients by the plant-growth-promoting and biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum Rifai 1295-22. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 65: 2926-2933. [Pubmed]    [PMC Free Fulltext]

3. Bal, U., Altintas, S. 2006. A positive side effect from Trichoderma harzianum, the biological control agent: Increased yield in vegetable crops. Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, 7 (2):383-387.

4. Bjorkman, T., Blanchard, L.M. and Harman, G.E. 1998. Growth enhancement of shrunken-2 sweet corn by Trichoderma harzianum 1295-22: effect of environmental stress. Journal of Horticalture Science.123: 35-40.

5. De Souza, J.T., Bailey, B.A., Pomella, A.W.V., Erbe, E.F., Murphy, C.A., Bae, H. and Hebbar, P.K. 2008. Colonization of cacao seedlings by Trichoderma stromaticum, a mycoparasite of the witches broom pathogen, and its influence on plant growth and resistance. Journal of Biological Control, 46: 36-45. [DOI via Crossref]

6. Glick, B.R., Penrose D.M. and Li, J. 1998. A model for lowering plant ethylene concentrations by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Journal of Theoretical Biology,190: 63-68. [DOI via Crossref]    [Pubmed]

7. Gravel, V., Antoun, H. and Tweddell, R.J. 2007. Growth stimulation and fruit yield improvement of greenhouse tomato plants by inoculation with Pseudomonas putida or Trichoderma atroviride: possible role of indole acetic acid (IAA). Journal of Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 39: 1968-1977. [DOI via Crossref]

8. Halliwell, B., Gutteridge, J.MC. Oxygen toxicity, oxygen radicals, transition metals and disease. Biochemical Journal publishes 219: 1-14.

9. Hanson, L.E. 2000. Reduction of Verticillium wilt symptoms in cotton following seed treatment with Trichoderma virens. Journal of Cotton Science, 4: 224-231.

10. Hoyos-Carvajal, L., Orduz, S. and Bissett, J. 2009. Growth stimulation in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by Trichoderma. Journal of Biological Control, 51:409-416. [DOI via Crossref]

11. Inbar, J., Abramsky, M and Chet, I. 1994. Plant growth enhancement and disease control by Trichoderma harzianum in vegetable seedlings under commercial conditions. Journal of Plant Pathology, 100:337-346. [DOI via Crossref]

12. Johansen, A. 1999. Depletion of soil mineral N by roots of Cucumis sativus L. colonized or not by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Journal of Plant and Soil, 209: 119-127. [DOI via Crossref]

13. Kaveh, H., Vatandoost, S., Aroiee, H. and Mazhabi, M. 2011. Would Trichoderma Affect Seed Germination and seedling quality of two muskmelon cultivars, khatooni and qasri and increase their transplanting success. Journal of biological environment., 5(15):169-175.

14. Kende, H. 1993. Ethylene biosynthesis. Review of Plant Physiology, 44, 283-307. [DOI via Crossref]

15. Kim, K.Y., Jordan, G.A., McDonald, D. 1997. Solubilization of hydroxyapatite by Enterobacter agglomerans and cloned Escherichia coli in culture medium. Journal of Biology and Fertility Soils, 24: 347-352. [DOI via Crossref]

16. Kleifield, O., and Chet, I. 1992. Trichoderma - plant interaction and its effect on increased growth response. Journal of Plant and Soil, 144: 267-272. [DOI via Crossref]

17. Klein, D. and Eveleigh, E. 1998. Ecology of Trichoderma In Trichoderma and Gliocladium. Basic Biology, Taxonomy and Genetics. Kubicek, C.P. and Harman, G.E. (eds). London, UK: Taylor and Francis, pp. 57-74.

18. Muthumeenakshi, S., Brown, A.E, Mills, P.R. 1998. Genetic comparison of the aggressive weed mould strains of Trichoderma harzianum from mushroom compost in North America and the British Isles. Mycological Research, 102:385-390. [DOI via Crossref]

19. Papavizas, G.G. 1985. Trichoderma and Gliocladium: biology, ecology and potential for biocontrol. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 23: 23 - 54. [DOI via Crossref]

20. Poldma, P., Merivee, A., Johansson, P., Ascard, J. and Alsanius, B., 2000. Influence of biological control of fungal diseases with Trichoderma spp. on yield and quality of onion., In: ‘New Sights in Vegetable Production’. Nordic Association of Agricultural Scientists, NJF Seminariumnr. 329. Segadi, Estonia, 05-08.09.2001, ISSN 0333- 1350, 2001. pp. 48-52.

21. Rabeendran, N., Moot, D.J., Jones, E.E. and Stewart, A. 2000. Inconsistent growth promotion of cabbage and lettuce from Trichoderma isolates. Journal of Plant Protection, 53:143-146.

22. Windham, M. T., Elad, Y. and Baker, R. 1986. A mechanism for increased plant growth induced by Trichoderma sp. Phytopathology. 76:518-521. [DOI via Crossref]

23. Yedidia, I., Srivastva, A.K., Kapulnik, Y. and Chet, I. 2001. Effects of Trichoderma harzianumon microelement concentrations and increased growth of cucumber plants. Journal of Plant and Soil, 235:235-242. [DOI via Crossref]