تاثیر آنتوسیانین درونی و ساکارز خارجی بر برخی صفات پس از برداشت چهار رقم گل شاخه بریده میخک
Subject Areas : Journal of Ornamental Plantsلیلا اسدی 1 , موسی سلگی 2 , بابک ولی زاده کاجی 3
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه اراک
2 - دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی دانشگاه اراک
3 - دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه اراک، اراک
Keywords: عمر گلجایی, غلظت, آنتوسیانین, ساکارز, میخک,
Abstract :
آنتوسیانین درونی در گل شاخه بریده میخک میتواند یکی از عوامل مؤثر بر عمر گلجایی آن باشد. این تحقیق در قالب دو آزمایش بهمنظور بررسی تأثیر تغییر غلظت آنتوسیانین درونی گلبرگها و همچنین کاربرد ساکارز خارجی بر عمر گلجایی چهار رقم میخک شاخه بریده انجام شد. در این آزمایشها از چهار رقم میخک سفید (Whit Liberty)، زرد(Yellow Liberty) ، صورتی (Tabor) و قرمز (Grand Slam) استفاده شد. در آزمایش اول تغییرات آنتوسیانین درونی گلبرگهای این چهار رقم و اثر آن بر عمر گلجایی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در آزمایش دوم، غلظتهای صفر، دو و چهار درصد ساکارز خارجی بر برخی صفات پس از برداشت این چهار رقم مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج آزمایش اول نشان داد که امکان مؤثر بودن آنتوسیانین درونی بر عمر گلجایی میخک وجود دارد. در آزمایش اول عمر گلجایی رقمهای بدون آنتوسیانین درونی (سفید و زرد) دو برابر (14 روز) بیشتر از رقمهای قرمز و صورتی دارای آنتوسیانین (حدود 7 روز) بود. بر اساس نتایج آزمایش دوم، ساکارز باعث بهبود صفات گلجایی شده است. در این آزمایش، کمترین عمر گلجایی مربوط به رقم قرمز (13/67روز) بدون استفاده از ساکارز خارجی و بیشترین عمر گلجایی در رقم صورتی (18 روز) تحت تیمار چهار درصد ساکارز خارجی مشاهده شد. بهطور کلی با افزایش میزان آنتوسیانین درونی در شرایط عدم حضور ساکارز خارجی عمر گلجایی کاهش یافت. در حالیکه کاربرد ساکارز خارجی سبب افزایش عمر گلجایی رقمهای دارای آنتوسیانین بیشتر شد.
Angioni, A., Sarais, G., Meli, M., Teresa Russo, M., Schirra, M. and Daquino, S. 2016. Postharvest applications of clove essential oils on dry seeds stored under simulated warehouse conditions. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 28 (1): 15–21.
Armitage, A.M., Laushman, J.M. and Dugan, P. 2003. Specialty cut flowers, the production of annuals, perennials, bulbs, and woody plants for fresh and dried cut flowers. Timber Press, Portland, OR. 586 pp.
Blankenship, S.M. and Dole, J.M. 2003. 1-Methylcyclopropene: A review. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 28: 1-25.
Castaneda-Ovando, A., Pacheco-Hernandez, M., Paez—Hernandez, M.E., Rodriuez, J.A. and Galan-Vidal, C.A. 2009. Chemical studies of anthocyanins: A review. Food, 113 (4): 859-871.
Chamani, E., Keshavarzi, L. and Ghaderi, R. 2012. Effect of pulsing treatment of humic acid, silver thiosulfate, sucrose and banzyl adenine on vase life of cut ‘Tempo’ carnation flower. Iranian Journal of Horticuktural Sciences, 43(3): 267-355. (In Persian)
Chandrasekharm, J., Madhusudhan, M. and Raghavarao, K. 2012. Extraction of anthocyanins from red cabbage and purification using adsorption. Food and Bioproducts Process, 90(4): 615-623.
Das, P.K., Shin, D.H., Choi, S.B. and Park, Y.I. 2012. Sugar-hormone cross-talk in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Molecules and Cells, 34: 501–507.
de Witte, Y. and van Doorn, W.G. 1988. Identification of bacteria in the vase water of roses, and the effect of the isolated strains on water uptake. Scientia Horticulturae, 35: 285–291.
DuBois, M., Gilles, K., Hamilton, J., Rebers, P. and Smith, F. 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry, 28(3): 350–356.
Eason, J.R., Ryan, D.J., Pinkney, T.T. and O’Donoghue, E.M. 2002. Programmed cell death during flower senescence: Isolation and characterization of cysteine proteinases from Sandersonia aurantiaca. Functinal Plant Biology, 29: 1055-1064.
Francis, F.J. 1989. Food colorants: Anthocyanins. Critical Reviews Food Science Nutrition, 28: 273-314.
Griesbach, R.J. 1992. Correlation of pH and light intensity on flower color in potted Eustoma grandiflorum Grise. HortScience, 27: 817-818.
Han, S.S. 2003. Role of sugar in vase solution on postharvest flower and leaf quality of oriental lily stargazer. HortScience, 38(3): 412- 416.
Hatami, M., Hatamzadeh, A. and Ghasemnezhad, M. 2012. The role of ascorbic acid in the control of the onset of senescence in cut rose (Rosa hybrida cv. Ruyal Class). Iranian Journal of Biology, 25(4): 599-605. (In Persian)
Hoeberichts, F.A., van Doorn, W.G., Vorst, O., Hall, R.D. and van Wordragen, M.F. 2007. Sucrose prevents upregulation of senescence-associated genes in carnation petals. Journal of Experimental Botany, 58: 2873–2885.
Ichimura, K. and Korenaga, M. 1998. Improvement of vase life and petal color expression in several cultivars of cut Eustoma flowers by sucrose with 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate. Bulletin of the National Research Institute of Vegetables, Ornamental Plants and Tea, Japan, 13: 31-39.
Ichimura, K., Kohata, K. and Goto, R. 2000. Soluble carbohydrates in Delphinium and their influence on sepal abscission in cut flowers. Physiologia Plantarum, 108: 307-313.
Iwaya-Inoue, M. and Nonami, H. 2003. Effects of trehalose on flower senescence from view point of physical status of water. Environmental Control in Biology, 41(1): 3-15.
Jen, L.L., Lin, Y.H., Huang, K.L., Chen, W.S. and Cheng, Y.M. 2000. Postharvest life of cut rose flowers as affected by silver thiosulfate and sucrose. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica, 41(4): 299-303.
Kazem Alvandi, R., Sharifan, A. and Aghazadeh Meshgi, M. 2010. Evaluation of the chemical composition and the antimicrobial effect of essential oils of peppermint (Mentha piperita). Comparative Pathobiology, 4: 355-364. (In Persian)
Kazemi, M. and Amiri, A. 2012. Postharvest life of cut gerbera flower as affected by nano silver and asetyl salicylic acid. Asian Journal of Biochmistry, 7(6): 106 -111.
Knee, M. 2000. Selection of biocides for use in floral preservatives. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 18: 227–234.
Kofranek, A.M. and Halevy, H. 1972. Conditions for opening cut chrysanthemum flower buds. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science, 97: 578-584.
Lee, J., Durst, R.W. and Wrolstad, R.E. 2005. Determination of total monomeric anthocyanin pigment content of fruit juices, beverages, natural colorants, and wines by the pH differential method: Collaborative study. Journal of AOAC International, 88(5): 1269-1278.
Lolonde, S.E., Boles, H., Hellmann, L., Barker, J., Patrick, W. and Formmer, W.B. 1999. The dual function of sugar carriers: Transport and sugar sensing. Plant Cell, 11: 707-726.
Mayak, S. and Dilley, D.R. 1976. Effect of sucrose on response of cut carnation to kinetin, ethylene, and abscisic acid. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science, 101: 583-585.
Mol, J., Alfrenito, M.R., Souer, E., Goodman, C.D., Buell, R., Koes, R. and Walbot, V. 1998. Functional complementation of anthocyanin sequestration in the vacuole by widely divergent glutathione S-transferase. Plant Cell, 10: 1135–1149.
Nair, S.A., Singh, V. and Sharma, T.V.R.S. 2003. Effect of chemical preservatives on enhancing vase-life of gerbera flowers. Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 41: 56-58.
Otsubo, M. and Iwaya-Inoue, M. 2000. Trehalose delays senescence in cut gladiolus spikes. HortScience, 35: 1107-1110.
Put, H.M.C. 1990. Micro-organisms from freshly harvested cut flower stems and developing during the vase life of chrysanthemum, gerbera and rose cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae, 43: 129–144.
Schmitzer, V.R., Veberic, G. and Osterc Stampar, F. 2009. Changes in the phenolic concentration during flower development of rose ‘KORcrisett’. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 134: 491–496.
Verlinden, S. and Garcia, J.J.V. 2004. Sucrose loading decreases ethylene responsiveness in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus cv. White Sim) petals. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 31(3): 305-312.
Smeekens, S. 2000. Sugar-induced signal transduction in plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 51: 49–81.
Solfanelli, C., Poggi, A., Loreti, E., Alpi, A. and Perata, P. 2006. Sucrose-specific induction of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology, 140: 637–646.
Solgi, M., Kafi, M., Taghavi, T.S. and Naderi, R. 2009. Essential oils and silver nanoparticles (SNP) as novel agents to extend vase-life of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii cv. ‘Dune’) flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 53: 155 – 158.
Sood, S. and Nagar, P.K. 2003. Changes in abscisic acid and phenols during flower development in two diverse species of rose. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 25: 411–416.
Sood, S., Vyas, D. and Nagar, P.K. 2006. Physiological and biochemical studies during flower development in two rose species. Scientia Horticulturae, 108: 390–396.
van Doorn, W.G., de Witte, Y. and Harkema, H. 1995. Effect of high numbers of exogenous bacteria on the water relations and longevity of cut carnation flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 6: 111–119.
van Meeteren, U. 1978. Water relations and keeping-quality of cut gerbera flowers: I. The cause of stem break. Scientia Horticulturae, 8: 65–74.
Wagner, G.J. 1979. Content and vacuole/extra vacuole distribution of neutral sugars, free amino acids and anthocyanins in protoplast. Plant Physiology, 64: 88-93.
Woodson, W.R. and Wang, H. 1987. Invertases of carnation petals: Partial purification, characterization and changes in activity during petal growth. Physiologia Plantarum, 71: 224-228.
Yamada, T., Takatsu, Y., Manabe, T., Kasumi, M. and Marubashi, W. 2003. Suppressive effect of trehalose on apoptotic cell death leading to petal senescence in ethylene-insensitive flowers of gladiolus. Plant Science, 164: 213-221.
Yanagisawa, S., Yoo, S.D. and Sheen, J. 2003. Differential regulation of EIN3 stability by glucose and ethylene signalling in plants. Nature, 425: 521–525.
Zhang, C., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Gao, S., Du, D. and Fu, J. 2014. Anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation in developing flowers of tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) ‘Luoyang Hong’. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 97: 11–22. doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2014.05.019.
Zheng, L.Y., Chi, Y.W. and Dong, Y.Q. 2009. Electrochemiluminescence of water soluble carbon nanocrystals released electrochemically from graphite. Journal of the American Chemistry Society, 131: 4564-4565.