اثرات وابسته به دوز سریا (CeO2) با اندازه نانو بر روی جوانه زنی بذر، رشد اولیه و پارامترهای فیزیولوژیکی گیاهچه همیشه بهار

Subject Areas : Journal of Ornamental Plants

صدیقه جهانی ¹ , سارا سعادتمند ² , ملیحه جهانی ³ , هما محمودزاده ⁴ , رمضانعلی خاوری نژاد ⁵

1 - گروه زیست شناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - گروه زیست شناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - گروه زیست شناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
4 - گروه زیست شناسی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران
5 - گروه زیست شناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

Received: 2022-03-19 Accepted : 2022-05-22 Published : 2022-06-01

Keywords: درصد و سرعت جوانه‌زنی, نانوسمیت, سیستم دفاعی گیاه, طول ریشه‌چه و ساقه‌چه, .Calendula officinalis L,

Abstract :

همیشه بهار به عنوان یک گیاه زینتی-دارویی کاربرد فراوانی دارد. برهمکنش بین نانوذرات و سیستم‌های بیولوژیکی یکی از امیدوارکننده‌ترین حوزه‌های تحقیقاتی در علم و فناوری نانومدرن است. محققان جذب نانوذرات اکسید سریم یا سریا (CeO2) توسط گیاهان را گزارش کرده‌اند. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی تاثیر نانوسریا بر جوانه‌زنی بذر، ویژگی‌های رشد و بیوشیمیایی گیاهچه 9 روزه همیشه بهار (.Calendula officinalis L) بود. بذرها در پتری‌دیش‌های حاوی هشت غلظت مختلف نانوسریا (0، 0.05، 0.1، 0.2، 0.4، 0.8، 1.6 و 3.2 گرم بر لیتر) جوانه زدند. پس از 9 روز، پارامترهای رشد اولیه و بیوشیمیایی اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که جوانه‌زنی بذر، وزن تر و خشک گیاهچه و طول ریشه‌چه، ساقه‌چه و گیاهچه در غلظت‌های 0.05 و/ یا 0.1 گرم بر لیتر نانوسریا تحریک شد اما در غلظت‌های بالاتر (پس از 0.2 یا 0.4 گرم بر لیتر) نانوذرات به تاخیر افتاد. محتوای H2O2، مالون‌دی‌آلدئید (MDA) و فعالیت لیپواکسیژناز (LOX) پس از 0.2 گرم بر لیتر نانوسریا افزایش یافت. فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان و محتوای پروتئین در غلظت‌های بالاتر نانوسریا افزایش یافت. همچنین، فعالیت آنزیم فنیل آلانین آمونیالیاز (PAL)، محتوای فنل و ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی در 0.8 تا 3.2 گرم بر لیتر نانوسریا تحریک شد. محتوای پرولین در 0.2-3.2 گرم بر لیتر نانوسریا بهبود یافت. در مجموع، نتایج نشان داد که تنش اکسیداتیو القایی نانوسریا با سیستم دفاعی گیاه شامل آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان، ترکیبات فنلی و اسمولیت‌های سازگار مانند پرولین همراه بود. این نتایج نشان داد که نانوسریا در غلظت‌های پایین (0.05 و/ یا 0.1 گرم بر لیتر) باعث القای مثبت بر روی جوانه‌زنی بذر و رشد گیاهچه همیشه بهار شد، اما با افزایش غلظت آن (بیشتر از 0.2 گرم بر لیتر)، نتیجه برعکس شد و سمیت نشان داد که گیاه را مجبور کرد تا سیستم‌های دفاعی خود را فعال کند.

References:

Aebi, H. 1984. Catalase in vitro. Methods in Enzymology, 105: 121-126.

Ak, G., Zengin G., Ceylan R., Mahomoodally M.F., Jugreet Sh., Mollica A. and Stefanucci A. 2021. Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils from Calendula officinalis L. flowers and leaves. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 36 (5): 554-563.

Alexieva V., Sergiev I., Mapelli S., Karanov E. 2001. The effect of drought and ultraviolet radiation on growth and stress markers in pea and wheat. Plant, Cell and Environment, 24 (12): 1337-1344.

Andersen, C.P., King, G., Plocher, M., Storm, M., Pokhrel, L.R., Johnson, M.G. and Rygiewicz, P.T. 2016. Germination and early plant development of ten plant species exposed to titanium dioxide and cerium oxide nanoparticles. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 35 (9): 2223-2229.

Baalousha, M., Ju-Nam, Y., Cole, P.A. Hriljac, J.A., Jones, I.P., Tyler, C.R., Stone, V., Fernandes, T.F., Jepson, M.A. and Lead, J.R. 2012. Characterization of cerium oxide nanoparticles-part 2: nonsize measurements. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 31 (5): 994-1003.

Bates, L., Waldren, R.P. and Teare, I.D. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39: 205-207.

Beaudoin-Eagan, L.D. and Thorpe, T.A. 1985. Tyrosine and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activities during shoot initiation in tobacco callus cultures. Plant Physiology, 78 (3): 438-441.

Blois, M.S. 1958. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature, 26: 1199-1200.

Bradford, M.M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72: 248-254.

Dahle, J.T. and Arai, Y. 2015. Environmental geochemistry of cerium: applications and toxicology of cerium oxide nanoparticles. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12 (2): 1253-1278.

Doderer, A., Kokkelink, I., Vanderween, S., Valk, B., Schrom, A.W. and Douma, A.C. 1992. Purification and characterization of two lipoxygenase isoenzymes from germinating barley. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1120: 97-104.

Faisal, M., Saquib, Q., Alatar, A.A., Al-Khedhairy, A.A., Ahmed, M., Ansari, S.M., Alwathnani, H.A., Dwivedi, S., Musarrat, J. and Praveen, S. 2016. Cobalt oxide nanoparticles aggravate DNA damage and cell death in eggplant via mitochondrial swelling and NO signaling pathway. Biological Research, 49: 20.

Faraji, J. and Sepehri, A. 2020. Effect of nanoceria (CeO₂) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on germination and seedling growth of Pishgam wheat variety under drought stress. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Technology, 8 (2): 257-270.

Giannopolitis, C.N. and Ries, S.K. 1977. Superoxide dismutases. I. occurrence in higher plants. Plant Physiology, 59: 309-314.

Hafizi, Z. and Nasr, N. 2018. The effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on safflower plant growth and physiology. Engineering, Technology and Applied Science Research, 8: 2508-2513.

Heath, R.L. and Packer, L. 1968. Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplast, I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 125: 189-198.

Hussain, I., Singh, A., Singh, N.B., Singh, A. and Singh, P. 2019. Plant-nanoceria interaction: toxicity, accumulation, translocation and biotransformation. South African Journal of Botany, 121: 239-247.

Jahani, M., Khavari-Nejad, R., Mahmoodzadeh, H. and Saadatmand, S. 2020. Effects of cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co₃O₄ NPs) on ion leakage, total phenol, antioxidant enzymes activities and cobalt accumulation in Brassica napus L. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 48 (3): 1260-1275.

Jahani, M., Khavari-Nejad, R., Mahmoodzadeh, H. and Saadatmand, S. 2022. Investigation of seed germination, early growth and physio-biochemical parameters of canola seedling exposed to Co₃O₄ engineered nanoparticles. Journal of Chemical Health Risks, 12 (2): 237-246. 

Jahani, M., Khavari-Nejad, R., Mahmoodzadeh, H. and Saadatmand, S. 2019a. Effects of foliar application of cobalt oxide nanoparticles on growth, photosynthetic pigments, oxidative indicators, non-enzymatic antioxidants and compatible osmolytes in canola (Brassica napus L.). Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 61 (1): 29-42.

Jahani, M., Khavari-Nejad, R., Mahmoodzadeh, H., Saadatmand, S. and Jahani, S. 2021. Investigation of structural and ultrastructural changes of canola (Brassica napus L.) leaf under cobalt oxide nanoparticles treatment. Iranian Journal of Biological Sciences, 16 (3): 69-85.

Jahani, S., Saadatmand, S., Mahmoodzadeh, H. and Khavari-Nejad, R.A. 2018. Effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles on biochemical and oxidative parameters in marigold leaves. Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry, 100 (8-10): 677-692.

Jahani, S., Saadatmand, S., Mahmoodzadeh, H., and Khavari-Nejad, R.A. 2019b. Effect of foliar application of cerium oxide nanoparticles on growth, photosynthetic pigments, electrolyte leakage, compatible osmolytes and antioxidant enzymes activities of Calendula officinalis L.. Biologia, 74: 1063-1075.

Jalali, F. and Naderi, D. 2019. Study of morphological and biochemical traits of marigold as influenced by phosphorous biofertilizer and zinc. Journal of Ornamental Plants, 9 (4): 275-290.

Kalisz, A., Húska, D., Jurkow, R., Dvořák, M., Klejdus, B., Carusod, G. and Sękara, A. 2021. Nanoparticles of cerium, iron, and silicon oxides change the metabolism of phenols and flavonoids in butterhead lettuce and sweet pepper seedlings. Environmental Science: Nano, 8: 1945-1959.

Khan, M.N., Li, Y., Khan, Z., Chen, L., Liu, J., Hu, J., Wu, H. and Li, Z. 2021. Nanoceria seed priming enhanced salt tolerance in rapeseed through modulating ROS homeostasis and α-amylase activities. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 19: 276.

Khodakovskaya, M.V., de Silva, K., Biris, A.S., Dervishi, E. and Villagarcia, H. 2012. Carbon nanotubes induce growth enhancement of tobacco cells. ACS Nano, 6 (3): 2128-2135.

Lee, C.W., Mahendra, S., Zodrow, K., Li, D., Tsai, Y.C., Braam, J. and Alvare, P.J. 2010. Developmental phytotoxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles to Arabidopsis thaliana. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 29: 669-675.

Lei, Z., Mingyu, S. and Xiao, W. 2008. Antioxidant stress is promoted by nano-anatase in spinach chloroplasts under UV-B radiation. Biological Trace Element Research, 121: 69-79.

Li, X., Gui, X., Rui, Y., Ji, W., Nhan, L. V., Yu, Z. and Peng, S. 2014. Bt-transgenic cotton is more sensitive to CeO₂ nanoparticles than its parental non-transgenic cotton. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 274: 173-180.

López-Moreno, M.L., de la Rosa, G., Hernandez-Viezcas, J.A., Peralta-Videa, J.R. and Gardea-Torresdey, J. 2010. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) corroboration of the uptake and storage of CeO₂ nanoparticles and assessment of their differential toxicity in four edible plant species. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58: 3689-3693.

Ma, Y.H., Kuang, L.L., He, X., Bai, W., Ding, Y.Y., Zhang, Z.Y., Zhao, Y.L. and Chai, Z.F. 2010. Effects of rare earth oxide nanoparticles on root elongation of plants. Chemosphere, 78 (3): 273-279.

Mac-Adam, J.W., Nelson, C.J. and Sharp, R.E. 1992. Peroxidase activity in leaf elongation zone of tall feseue. Journal of Plant Physiology, 99: 872-878.

Maguire, J.D. 1962. Speed of germination-aid selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigor. Crop Science, 2: 176-177.

Mahakham, W., Sarmah, A.K., Maensiri, S. and Theerakulpisut, P. 2017. Nanopriming technology for enhancing germination and starch metabolism of aged rice seeds using phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles. Scientific Reports, 7 (1): 8263.

Majumdar, S., Almeida, I.C., Arigi, E.A., Choi, H., Ver-Berkmoes, N.C., Trujillo-Reyes, J., Flores-Margez, J.P., White, J.C., Peralta-Videa, J.R. and Gardea-Torresdey, J.L. 2015. Environmental effects of nanoceria on seed production of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris): A proteomic analysis. Environmental Science and Technology, 49 (22): 13283-13293.

Mattiello, A., Pošćić, F., Musetti, R., Giordano, C., Vischi, M., Filippi, A., Bertolini, A. and Marchiol, L. 2015. Evidences of genotoxicity and phytotoxicity in Hordeum vulgare L. exposed to CeO₂ and TiO₂ nanoparticles. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6: 1043.

Meirs, P., Hada, S. and Aharoni, N. 1992. Ethylene increased accumulation of fluorescent lipid peroxidation products detected during parsly by a newly developed method. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 117: 128-132.

Nair, P.M.G., Kim, S.H. and Chung, I.M. 2014. Copper oxide nanoparticle toxicity in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) seedlings: physiological and molecular level responses of in vitro grown plants. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 36: 2947-2958.

Nakano, Y. and Asada, K. 1981. Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant and Cell Physiology, 22: 867-880.

Nazdar, T., Tehranifari, A., Nezami, A., Nemati, H. and Samiei, L. 2017. Effect of heat stress duration on growth, flowering and electrolyte leakage in four cultivars of Calendula officinalis. Journal of Ornamental Plants, 7 (2): 63-72.

Nile, S.H., Thiruvengadam, M., Wang, Y., Samynathan, R., Shariati, M.A., Rebezov, M., Nile, A., Sun, M., Venkidasamy, B., Xiao, J. and Kai, G. 2022. Nano-priming as emerging seed priming technology for sustainable agriculture- recent developments and future perspectives. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 20: 254.

Piccinno, F., Gottschalk, F., Seeger, S. and Nowack, B. 2012. Industrial production quantities and uses of ten engineered nanomaterials in Europe and the world. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 14 (9): 1-11.

Polishchuk, S.D., Nazarova, A.A., Kutskir, M.V., Churilov, D.G., Ivanycheva, Y.N., Kiryshin, V.A. and Churilov, G.I. 2015. Ecologic-Biological effects of cobalt, cuprum, copper oxide nano-powders and humic acids on wheat seeds. Modern Applied Science, 9 (6): 354-364.

Prakash, V., Peralta-Videa, J., Tripathi, D.K., Ma, X. and Sharma, S. 2021. Recent insights into the impact, fate and transport of cerium oxide nanoparticles in the plant-soil continuum. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 221: 112403.

Priester, J.H., Ge, Y., Mielke, R.E., Horst, A.M., Moritz, S.C., Espinosa, K., Gelb, J., Walker, S.L., Nisbet, R.M., An, Y-J., Schimel, J.P., Palmer, R.G., Hernandez-Viezcas, J.A., Zhao, L., Gardea-Torresdey, J.L. and Holden, P.A. 2012. Soybean susceptibility to manufactured nanomaterials with evidence for food quality and soil fertility interruption. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109 (37): 2451-2456.

Rao, S. and Shekhawat, G.S. 2016. Phytotoxicity and oxidative stress perspective of two selected nanoparticles in Brassica juncea. 3 Biotech, 6 (2): 244.

Raymond, J., Pakariyathan, N. and Azanza, J.l. 1993. Purification and some properties of polyphenoloxidase from sunflowers seeds. Phytochemistry, 34: 927-931.

Rico, C.M., Hong, J., Morales, M.I., Zhao, L., Barrios, A.C., Zhang, J., Peralta-Videa, J.R. and Gardea-Torresdey, J.L. 2013a. Effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles on rice: a study involving the antioxidant defense system and in vivo fluorescence imaging. Environmental Science Technology, 47 (11): 5635-5642.

Rico, C.M., Morales, M.I., McCreary, R., Castillo-Michel, H., Barrios, A.C., Hong, J., Tafoya, A., Lee, W.Y., Varela-Ramirez, A., Peralta-Videa, J.R. and Gardea-Torresdey, J.L. 2013b. Cerium oxide nanoparticles modify the antioxidative stress enzyme activities and macromolecule composition in rice seedlings. Environmental Science and Technology, 47 (24): 14110-14118.

Salehi, H., Chehregani Rad, A., Majd, A. and Gholami, M. 2019. Effect of ZnO and CeO₂ nanoparticles on the element accumulation, growth and biochemical parameters in Phaseolus vulgaris L. Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology), 32 (2): 390-405.

Schwabe, F., Tanner, S., Schulin, R., Rotzetter, A., Stark, W., von Quadt, A. and Nowack, B. 2015. Dissolved cerium contributes to uptake of Ce in the presence of differently sized CeO₂-nanoparticles by three crop plants. Metallomics, 7 (3): 466-477.

Shinde, S., Paralikar, P., Ingle, A.P. and Rai, M. 2020. Promotion of seed germination and seedling growth of Zea mays by magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles synthesized by the filtrate from Aspergillus niger. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 13 (1): 3172-3182.

Siddiqui, M.H. and Al-Whaibi, M.H. 2014. Role of nano-SiO₂ in germination of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum seeds Mill.). Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 21 (1): 13-17.

Singh, A., Hussain, I., Singh, N.B. and Singh, H. 2019. Uptake, translocation and impact of green synthesized nanoceria on growth and antioxidant enzymes activity of Solanum lycopersicum L. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 182 (7): 109410.

Singleton, V.L. and Rossi, J.A. 1965. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16: 144-158.

Soroori, S., Danaee, E., Hemmati, K. and Ladan Moghadam, A. 2021. Effect of foliar application of proline on morphological and physiological traits of Calendula officinalis L. under drought stress. Journal of Ornamental Plants, 11 (1): 13-30.

Szőllősi, R., Molnár, Á., Kondak, S. and Kolbert, Z. 2020. Dual effect of nanomaterials on germination and seedling growth: stimulation vs. phytotoxicity. Plants, 9 (12): 1745. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9121745

Tumburu, L., Andersen, C.P., Rygiewicz, P.T. and Reichman, J.R. 2015. Phenotypic and genomic responses to titanium dioxide and cerium oxide nanoparticles in Arabidopsis germinants. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 34: 70-83.

Viswanath, K.K., Varakumar, P., Pamuru, R.R., Basha, S.J., Mehta, S. and Rao, A.D. 2020. Plant lipoxygenases and their role in plant physiology. Journal of Plant Biology, 63: 83-95.

Vojodi Mehrabani, L., Hassanpouraghdam, M.B., Valizadeh Kamran, R. and Ebrahimzadeh, A. 2017. Soil cover effects on yield and some physiological characteristics of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) under methanol foliar application. Journal of Ornamental Plants, 7 (3): 163-169.

Wang, Q., Ma, X., Zhang, W., Pei, H. and Chen, Y. 2012. The impact of cerium oxide nanoparticles on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and its implications for food safety. Metallomics, 4 (10): 1105-1112.

Wu, G-L., Ren, G. and Shi, Z-H. 2011. Phytotoxic effects of a dominant weed Ligularia virgaurea on seed germination of Bromus inermis in an alpine meadow community. Plant Ecology and Evolution, 144 (3): 275-280.

Wu, S.G., Huang, L., Head, J., Chen, D.R., Kong, I.C. and Tang, Y.J. 2012. Phytotoxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles is related to both dissolved metals ions and adsorption of particles on seed surfaces. Journal of Petroleum and Environmental Biotechnology, 3 (4): 126.

Zarghami Moghadam, M., Shoor, M., Nemati, H. and Nezami, A. 2021. Evaluation of 13 Calendula (Calendula officinalis) cultivars response to drought stress. Journal of Ornamental Plants, 11 (2): 109-121.

Zhang, W., Musante, C., White, J.C., Schwab, P., Wang, Q., Ebbs, S.D. and Ma, X. 2015. Bioavailability of cerium oxide nanoparticles to Raphanus sativus L. in two soils. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 110: 185-193.

Zhao, L., Peng, B., Hernandez-Viezcas, J.A., Rico, C., Sun, Y., Peralta-Videa, J.R., Tang, X., Niu, G., Jin, L., Varela-Ramirez, A., Zhang, J.Y. and Gardea-Torresdey, J.L. 2012. Stress response and tolerance of Zea mays to CeO₂ nanoparticles: cross talk among H₂O₂, heat shock protein, and lipid peroxidation. ACS Nano, 6 (11): 9615-9622.

Zia-ur-Rehman, M., Qayyum, M.F., Akmal, F., Maqsood, M.A., Rizwan, M., Waqar, M. and Azhar, M. 2018. Chapter 7 - Recent progress of nanotoxicology in plants. In: Tripathi, D.K., Ahmad, P., Sharma, S., Chauhan, D.K. and Dubey, N.K. (eds.). Nanomaterials in plants, algae, and microorganisms. Elsevier: Cambridge, MA, USA. p. 143-174.