بررسی پاسخ‌های فیزیولوژیکی گل مریم (Polianthes tuberosa L.) در شرایط تنش کم آبیاری

Subject Areas : Journal of Ornamental Plants

خانی  شاکرمی ¹ (دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران)
بهمن  زاهدی ² (استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران)
عبدالحسین  رضایی نژاد ³ (دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران)
صادق  موسوی فرد ⁴ (استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران)

Received: 2019-09-14 Accepted : 2019-12-14 Published : 2019-12-01

Keywords: پرولین, نشت الکترولیت, محتوای آب نسبی, تبادلات گازی, آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدانی,

Abstract :

تنش آب یکی از عوامل اصلی محدوده کننده تولید و آسیب‌های شدید به گیاهان در ایران است. به­منظور بررسی و مقایسه اثر تنش کم آبیاری بر روی برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی گل مریم، آزمایشی با دو رقم گل مریم (پرپر و کم پر) و سه سطح تنش کم آبیاری (بدون تنش W1= 90% FC، تنش متوسط  W2=75% FCو تنش شدید W3=60% FC) به­صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. محتوای آب نسبی، نشت الکترولیت، کلروفیل کل، کاروتنوئید، پرولین، میزان مالون‌دی‌آلدهید، فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی (سوپراکسیددیسموتاز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و کاتالاز)، میزان فتوسنتز، میزان تعرق و مقاومت روزنه‌ای مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گل مریم تحت تأثیر تنش کم آبیاری قرار گرفتند. میزان مالون‌دی‌آلدهید و نشت یونی همبستگی معنی‌داری با اکثر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی نشان داد. محتوای آب نسبی، کلروفیل کل، میزان فتوسنتز، میزان تعرق، مقاومت روزنه‌ای، فعالیت سوپراکسیددیسموتاز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز در رقم کم پر نسبت به رقم پرپر افزایش معنی­داری نشان داد. همچنین میزان کاتالاز، مالون‌دی‌آلدهید و محتوای پرولین در رقم پرپر نسبت به رقم کم پر به­طور معنی‌داری بیش‌تر بود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که رقم کم پر نسبت به رقم پرپر در شرایط تنش کم آبیاری، رشد بهتری داشت.

References:

Aghdam, M.S., Naderi, R.A., Askari Sarcheshmeh, M.A. and Babalar, M. 2015. Amelioration of postharvest chilling injury in anthurium cut flowers by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) treatments. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 110: 70–76.

Anjum, S.A., Wang, L.C., Farooq, M., Hussain, M., Xue, L.L. and Zou, C.M. 2011a. Brassinolide application improves the drought tolerance in maize through modulation of enzymatic antioxidants and leaf gas exchange. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 197: 177–185.

Anjum, S.A., Xie, X.Y., Wang, L.C., Saleem, M.F., Man, C. and Lei, W. 2011b. Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of plants to drought stress. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6: 2026–2032.

Barba-Gonzalez, R., Rodriguez-Dominguez, J.M., Castaneda-Saucedo, M.C., Rodriguez, A., van Tuyl, J.M. and Tapia-Campos, E. 2012. Mexican geophytes I. The genus Polianthes. Floriculture and Ornamental Biotechnology, 6 (1): 122–130.

Basu, S., Roychoudhury, A., Saha, P.P. and Sengupta, D.N. 2010. Differential antioxidative responses of indica rice cultivars to drought stress. Plant Growth Regulation, 60: 51–59.

Bates, L., Waldren, R. and Teare, I. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant Soil, 39: 205–207.

Chance, B. and Maehly, A. 1955. Assay of catalases and peroxidases. Methods in Enzymology, 2: 764-775.

de Lima, R.S.N., de Assis Figueiredo, F.A.M.M., Martins, A.O., da Silva de Deus, B.C., Ferraz, T.M., de Assis Gomes, M. de. M., de Sousa, E.F., Glenn, D.M. and Campostrini, E. 2015. Partial rootzone drying (PRD) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) effects on stomatal conductance, growth, photosynthetic capacity, and water-use efficiency of papaya. Scientia Horticulturae, 183: 13–22.

Edrisi, B. and Mirzaei, S. 2017. An investigation into the effect of gibberellic acid and storage temperature on vegetative and reproductive characteristics of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa). Journal of Ornamental Plants, 7 (2): 137-146.

EL-Bassiouny, H.M.S. 1997. Studies on the role of abscisic as antitranspirant on growth, chemical analysis and yield components of cowpea plants in presence of soil conditioners Egypt. The Journal of Physiological Sciences, 3: 409–432.

Farooq, M., Wahid, A., Kobayashi, N., Fujita, D. and Basra, S.M.A. 2009. Plant drought stress: Effects, mechanisms and management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 29: 185–212.

Fu, J. and Huang, B. 2001. Involvement of antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in the adaptation of two cool-season grasses to localized drought stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 45 (2): 105-114.

Giannopolitis, C.N. and Ries, S.K. 1977. Superoxide dismutase. I. Occurrence in higher plants. Plant Physiology, 59: 309–314.

Hatamzadeh, A., Molaahmad Nalousi, A., Ghasemnezhad, M. and Biglouei, M.H. 2015. The potential of nitric oxide for reducing oxidative damage induced by drought stress in two turfgrass species, creeping bentgrass and tall fescue. Grass and Forage Science, 70 (3): 538-548.

Hosseinzadeh, S.R., Amiri, H. and Ismaili, A. 2016. Effect of vermicompost fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under drought stress. Photosynthetica, 54 (1): 87-92.

Jackson, M.B., Ishizawa, K. and Ito, O. 2009. Evolution and mechanisms of plant tolerance to flooding stress. Annals of Botany, 103: 137–142.

Keshavarz, M., Karami, E. and Vanclay, F. 2013. The social experience of drought in rural Iran. Land Use Policy, 30:120–129.

Konnerup, D. and Brix, H. 2010. Nitrogen nutrition of Canna indica: Effects of ammonium versus nitrate on growth, biomass allocation, photosynthesis, nitrate reductase activity and N uptake rates. Aquatic Botany, 92: 142–148.

Kumar, S.G., Reddy, A.M. and Sudhakar, C. 2003. NaCl effects on proline metabolism in two high yielding genotypes of mulberry (Morus alba L.) with contrasting salt tolerance. Plant Science, 165: 1245–1251.

Lichtenthaler, H.K. 1987. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Methods Enzymology, 148: 350–382.

Lu, S., Su, W., Li, H. and Guo, Z. 2009. Abscisic acid improves drought tolerance of triploid bermudagrass and involves H₂O₂ and NO-induced antioxidant enzyme activities. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 47: 132–138.

Mittler, R. 2002. Oxidative stress, antioxidants, and stress tolerance. Trends in Plant Science, 7: 405–410.

Modarres, R., de Paulo, V. and da Silva, R. 2007. Rainfall trends in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran. Journal of Arid Environments, 70: 344–355.

Moussa, H.R. and Abdel-Aziz, S.M. 2008. Comparative response of drought tolerant and drought sensitive maize genotypes to water stress. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 1: 31–36.

Murkute, A.A., Sharma, S. and Singh, S.K. 2006. Studies on salt stress tolerance of Citrus rootstock genotypes with Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi. Horticultural Science, 33: 70–76.

Mzabri, I., Legsayer, M., Aliyat, F., Maldani, M., Kouddane, N.E., Boukroute, A., Bekkouch, I. and Berrichi, A. 2017. Effect of drought stress on the growth and development of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in Eastern Morocco. Atlas Journal of Biology, 364-370.

Nadeem, S.M., Ahmad, M., Zahir, Z.A., Javaid, A. and Ashraf, M. 2014. The role of mycorrhiza and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in improving crop productivity under stressful environments. Biotechnology Advances, 32: 429–448.

Naidoo, G. and Naidoo, K.K. 2018. Drought stress effects on gas exchange and water relations of the invasive weed Chromolaena odorata. Flora, 248: 1-9.

Nakano, Y. and Asada, K. 1981. Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant Cell Physiology, 22: 867–880.

Niu, G., Rodriguez, D.S. and Wang, Y.T. 2006. Impact of drought and temperature on growth and leaf gas exchange of six bedding plant species under greenhouse conditions. HortScience, 41: 1408–1411.

Promyou, S., Ketsa, S. and van Doorn, W.G. 2012. Salicylic acid alleviates chilling injury in anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum L.) flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 64: 104–110.

Rahman, M.U., Gul, S. and Ahmad, I. 2004. Effects of water stress on growth and photosynthetic pigments of corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 4: 652–655.

Reddy, A.R., Chaitanya, K. V. and Vivekanandan, M. 2004. Drought-induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants. Journal of Plant Physiology, 161: 1189–1202.

Riaz, A., Younis, A., Hameed, M. and Kiran, S. 2010. Morphological and biochemical responses of turf grasses to water deficit conditions. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 42: 3441–3448.

Riaz, A., Younis, A., Taj, A.R., Karim, A., Tariq, U., Munir, S. and Riaz, S. 2013. Effect of drought stress on growth and flowering f marigold (Tagetes erecta L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 45: 123–131.

Rivas, R., Falcao, H.M., Ribeiro, R.V., Machado, E.C., Pimentel, C. and Santos, M.G. 2016. Drought tolerance in cowpea species is driven by less sensitivity of leaf gas exchange to water deficit and rapid recovery of photosynthesis after rehydration. South African Journal of Botany,103: 101–107.

Sanchez-Rodriguez, E., Rubio-Wilhelmi, M.M., Cervilla, L.M., Blasco, B., Rios, J.J., Rosales, M.A., Romero, L. and Ruiz, J.M. 2010. Genotypic differences in some physiological parameters symptomatic for oxidative stress under moderate drought in tomato plants. Plant Science, 178: 30–40.

Shoor, M., Khalighi, A., Omidbegi, R. and Naderi, R.A. 2005. Effects of gibberellic acid and 6-banzil adenine on quantitative characteritics of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.). Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 12 (4): 38–44.

Soni, P. and Abdin, M.Z. 2017. Water deficit‐induced oxidative stress affects artemisinin content and expression of proline metabolic genes in Artemisia annua L. Federation of European Biochemical Societies, 7 (3): 367-381.

Souza, R.P., Machado, E.C., Silva, J.A.B., Lagôa, A.M.M.A. and Silveira, J.A.G. 2004. Photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and some associated metabolic changes in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) during water stress and recovery. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 51 (1): 45-56.

Taiz, L. and Zeiger, E. 2010. Plant physiology. Sinauer Associates, pp. 145–170.

Tanou, G., Molassiotis, A. and Diamantidis, G. 2009. Induction of reactive oxygen species and necrotic death-like destruction in strawberry leaves by salinity. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 65: 270–281.

Wang, R., Chang, J., Li, K., Lin, T. and Chang, L. 2014. Leaf age and light intensity affect gas exchange parameters and photosynthesis within the developing canopy of field net-house-grown papaya trees. Scientia Horticulturae, 165: 365–373.

Wang, F., Zeng, B., Sun, Z. and Zhu, C. 2009. Relationship between proline and Hg²⁺ induced oxidative stress in a tolerant rice mutant. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 56: 723–731.

Xu, S., Jiang, M., Fu, J., Liang, L., Xia, B. and Wang, R. 2015. Physiological and antioxidant parameters in two Lycoris species as influenced by water deficit stress. HortScience, 50: 1702–1708.

Yadav, R.K., Sangwan, R.S., Sabir, F., Srivastava, A.K. and Sangwan, N.S. 2013. Effect of prolonged water stress on specialized secondary metabolites, peltate glandular trichomes, and pathway gene expression in Artemisia annua L. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 74: 70–83.