Effect of Porosity on Nonlinear Tip Deflection of Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Actuators

Subject Areas : journal of New Materials

Mohammad Gholami ¹ , Mansour Alizadeh ^{2 *}

1 - Ph.D. Student of Mechanical Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846, Iran
2 - Associate prof., School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846, Iran

Received: 2024-12-09 Accepted : 2025-02-02 Published : 2024-08-05

Keywords: Functionally graded piezoelectric actuator, Finite Element method, Nonlinear response, Porosity, FEniCS,

Abstract :

Introduction: Beam-shaped structures, especially bending-mode actuators, are more common and have attracted more attention from researchers due to flexibility in design and ease of fabrication.

Methods: In this study, the geometric nonlinear behavior of three-dimensional functionally graded piezoelectric porous actuators subjected to electro-mechanical loads is investigated using the finite element method. Nonlinear von-Karman terms are included in the strain– displacement relation to capture the geometric nonlinear deformations. The governing equations and related boundary conditions were derived using the variational principle. The Newton-Raphson iteration procedure is adopted to solve nonlinear governing equations using a 10-node tetrahedral element via the robust open-source finite element FEniCS platform that exploits Python scripts.

Findings: The effects of different power law and porosity indexes, length to thickness ratios, and magnitude of applied loads are investigated on the tip deflection of the functionally graded piezoelectric porous actuator. The sensitivity of different patterns of porosity distribution along the thickness direction is explored on the dimensionless tip deflection of the actuator.

Conclusion: The uniform porosity distribution has the greatest effect on actuator deformation, whereas the central porosity distribution has the least effect. In addition, variation in the volume fraction index in the range 0–1 leads to the highest rate of change in actuator tip deflection. By comparing the results of the linear and nonlinear theories, It has been found that the linear theory overestimates the deformations in the case of strong electromechanical loading. The findings of this research can be used to design and manufacture porous piezoelectric actuators.

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