The study of two plant extracts inhibitory to the quorum sensing of Chromobacterium violaceum CV026

Subject Areas : Environmental Microbiology

Milad Makhfian ¹ , Nader Hassanzadeh ² , Kambiz Larijani ³

1 - Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3 - Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Received: 2012-04-20 Accepted : 2012-06-21 Published : 2013-01-01

Keywords: Dill, Whitetop, Inhibition, Quorum Sensing, Chromobacterium violaceum CV026,

Abstract :

Background and Objectives: Many bacteria utilize quorum sensing mechanism in order to coordinate their vital functions such as survival, motility, production of biofilm, pathogenicity factors, etc. Interfering with the complicated cell-to-cell communication system paralyses bacterial calls to perform their different indigenous functions like pathogenicity. In this study interfering effects of two distinguished plant extracts, whitetop and dill, on bacterial quorum sensing of Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 was evaluated. Materials and Methods: Whitetop and dill plant species were collected from the surrounding agricultural areas and commercial fields of Urmia City. The collected plants were extracted using three organic solvents, 96% ethanol, n-hexane and methanol. The Antimicrobial susceptibility and anti-quorum sensing bioassays were then performed to find out their bactericidal property and depletion of violacein, respectively. Furthermore, the assays regarding pathogenicity suppression using anti-quorum sensing activity and acyl homoserine lactone induction through Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum strain were carried out. Results: Based on the results, both of the plant extracts possess meaningful anti-QS activities; however, the proportion of the activity in whitetop was fewer than dill. Furthermore, the aforementioned plant extracts had bactericidal activity in which whitetop had more proportion in comparison to dill. Conclusion: Due to decrease in the production level of violacein by CV026 as a result of the anti-quorum sensing activity of whitetop and dill extracts, application of the extracts can be considered as an appropriate approach for controlling bacterial pathogens without developing resistance.

References:

1. González JE, Keshavan ND. Messing with bacterial quorum sensing. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2006; 70(4): 859-875.


2. Czajkowski R, Jafra S. Quenching of acyl-homoserine lactone-dependent quorum sensing by enzymatic disruption of signal molecules. Acta Biochimica Polonica. 2009; 56(1), 1-16.


3. Fuqua C, Greenberg EP. Listening in on bacteria: acyl-homoserine lactone signalling. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2002; 3(9): 685–695.


4. Loh J, Pierson EA, Pierson LS 3rd, Stacey G, Chatterjee A. Quorum sensing in plant-associated bacteria. Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2002; 5(4): 285–290.


5. Williams P, Winzer K, Chan W, Camara M. Look who’s talking: communication and quorum sensing in the bacterial world. Philos Trans R Soc London B Biol Sci. 2007; 362(1483): 1119–1134.


6. Kleerebezem M, Quadri LE, Kuipers OP, de Vos WM. Quorum sensing by peptide pheromones and  two-component signal-transduction systems in Grampositive bacteria. Mol Microbiol. 1997; 24(5): 895–904.


7. Knutsen E, Ween O, Havarstein LS. Two separate quorum-sensing systems upregulate transcription of the same ABC transporter in Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Bacteriol. 2004; 186(10): 3078–3085.


8. Claverys JP, Havarstein LS. Extracellular-peptide control of competence for genetic transformation in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Front Biosci. 2002; 7: 1798–1814.


9. Mayville P, Ji G, Beavis R, Yang H, Goger M, Novick RP, Muir TW. Structure-activity analysis of synthetic autoinducing thiolactone peptides from Staphylococcus aureus responsible for virulence. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1999; 96(4): 1218–1223.


10. Manefield M, de Nys R, Kumar N, Read R, Givskov M, Steinberg P, Kjelleberg S. Evidence that halogenated furanones from Delisea pulchra inhibit acylated homoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated gene expression by displacing the AHL signal from its receptor protein. Microbiol. 1999; 145(2): 283-291.


11. Song C, Ma H, Zhao Q, Song Sh, Jia Zh. Inhibition of quorum sensing activity by ethanol extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. J Plant Pathol Microbiol. 2012; S7-001 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7471.S7-001.


12. Tan LY, Yin WF, Chan KG. Silencing quorum sensing through extracts of melicope lunu-ankenda. Sensors. 2012; 12(4): 4339-4351.


13. McClean KH, Winson MK, Fish L, Taylor A, Chhabra SR, Camara M, Dayykin M, Lamb JH, Swift S, Bycroft BW, Stewart GSAB, Williams P. Quorum sensing and Chromobacterium violaceum: exploitation of violacein production and inhibition for the detection of N-acyl homoserine lactones. Microbiol. 1997; 143(12): 3703–3711.


14. Yeo SSM, Tham FY. Anti-quorum sensing and antimicrobial activities of some traditional Chinese medicinal plants commonly used in South-East Asia. Malaysian J Microbiol. 2012; 8(1): 11-20.


15. Lojkowska E, Masclaux C, Boccara M, Robert-Baudouy J, Cotte-Pattat HN. Characterization of the pel gene encoding a novel pectate lyase of Erwinia chrysanthemi. Mol Microbial. 1195; 16(6): 1183-1195.


16. Mahmoudi E, Hassanzadeh N, Sayed Tabatabaei BE, Venturi V. Virulence attenuation of Pectobacterium carotovorum using N-Acyl-homoserine Lactone degrading bacteria isolated from potato rhizosphere. Plant Pathol J. 2011; 27(3): 242-248.


17. Keshavan ND, Chowdhary PK, Haines DC and González JE. L-Canavanine Made by Medicago sativa Interferes with Quorum Sensing in Sinorhizobium meliloti. J Bacteriol. 2005; 187 (24),  8427–8436.


18. Choo JH, Rukayadi Y, Hwang JK. Inhibition of bacterial quorum sensing by vanilla extract. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2005; 42(6): 637-641.