Comparing the effect of metronidazole with pyocyanin pigment extracted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa on Trichomonas vaginalis in-vitro

Subject Areas : Protozoology

sara abdizadehjavazm ¹ , zohreh momeni ² , mona farhadi ³

1 - MSc, Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
2 - Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
3 - Department of Microbiology,Karaj Branch,islamic Azad University,Karaj,Iran

Received: 2023-04-04 Accepted : 2023-08-20 Published : 2023-09-06

Keywords: metronidazole, Trichomonas vaginalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Cell line, Pyocyanin pigment,

Abstract :

Background and Objectives: Pyocyanin is a blue pigment with oxidation and reduction potential and metabolically active, which has medicinal effects on eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, the most important non-viral    sexually transmitted disease in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of      pyocyanin extracted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa on Trichomonas vaginalis and PC12cell line. Materials & Methods: This study was carried out by an interventional  method. First, pyocyanin was extracted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain RTCC1474 with the help of chloroform. The relative purity of the pigment was determined by thin-layer chromatography, spectrophotometry UV-Vis and FTIR. Its effect in different concentrations were investigated on Trichomonas vaginalis and PC12 cell line. Results: Pyocyanin at a concentration of 10,000µg/ml in 24 hours and concentrations of 5,000 and 2,500µg/ml in 48 hours caused 100% inhibition of the parasite growth. Its IC50 (Inhibitory Concentration of 50%) level in 48 hours was 17.44µg/ml and the CC50 of this pigment on the cell line was 930 µg/ml, so pyocyanin is effective against the Trichomonas vaginalis and its toxicity on the cell line is 53 times higher than of the parasite (SI=53/32). Conclusion: Considering the inhibitory effect of pyocyanin on the growth of Trichomonas    vaginalis  based on the results, it is possible that with further research on the extraction and purification of this pigment from various isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and with additional tests in vitro and in vivo, a more accurate judgment regarding the antiparasitic power of this      pigment can be expressed.  

References:

1. Rein MF. Trichomoniasis. Hunter's tropical medicine and emerging infectious diseases:10th ed; Elsevier; 2020;731-733.


2. Van Gerwen O,1 Camino A Sharma J,1 Kissinger P, Muzny Ch.Epidemiology, Natural History, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis in Men; CID 2021:73 (15 September) 1119-1124. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab514.


3. Gahlout M  · Chauhan P  · Prajapati H · Tandel N  · Rana S  · Solanki D  · Patel N. Characterization, application and statistical optimization approach for enhanced production of pyocyanin pigment by Pseudomonas aeruginosa DN9; Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing (2021) 1:459–470 https://doi.org/10.1007/s43393-021-00033-z


4. Saleem H, Mazhar S, Syed Q, Javed MQ, Adnan A. Bio-characterization of food grade pyocyanin bio-pigment extracted from chromogenic Pseudomonas species found in Pakistani native flora. Arab J Chem [Internet]. 2021;14(3):103005. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103005


5. Cheluvappa R. Standardized chemical synthesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyocyanin. MethodsX [Internet]. 2014;1(1):67–73. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2014.07.001


6. Ozdal M. A new strategy for the efficient production of pyocyanin, a versatile pigment, in Pseudomonas aeruginosa OG1 via toluene addition. 3 Biotech [Internet]. 2019;9(10):1–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-019-1907-1


7. Ozdal M, Gurkok S, Gur O, Basaran E. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology Enhancement of pyocyanin production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa via the addition of n -hexane as an oxygen vector. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol [Internet]. 2019;22(August):101365. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101365


8. Devnath P, Uddin MK, Ahamed FMM, Hossain MT, Manchur MA. Extraction , purification and characterization of pyocyanin produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int Res J Biol Sci . 2017;6(5):1–9.


9. Nawas T. Extraction and purification of pyocyanin: a simpler and more reliable method. MOJ Toxicol. 2018;4(6);417-22.


10. Momeni Z, Sadraei J, Kazemi B, Dalimi A. Experimental Parasitology Molecular typing of the actin gene of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates by PCR-RFLP in Iran. Exp Parasitol [Internet]. 2015;159:259–63. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2015.10.011


11. Jali Azar A,Farhadi M,Torabzadeh P, Momeni Z.In vitro Effects of alchoholic and aquatic Extract of Physalis alkekengi on proliferation of Trichomonas vaginalis. IJOGI, Jan 2017, 19(38), 48-56.


12. Diken Gü S r, Seyis Bilkay I, Bilen Özyürek S. Investigation of Antimicrobial Activity of Pyocyanin Produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Different Clinical Specimens. Hacettepe J Biol Chem. 2016;1(44):1–6.


13. Mansourabadi A, Hematti M, Moradi A, Maghsoudi A. Evaluation of Curcumin and Quercetin Toxicity Effects on 4T1 Murine Breast Cancer Cell Line by MTT Method. Vol. 20, Iranian South Medical Journal. 2017.v.20. p. 1–8. [In Persion]


14. Sudhakar T, Karpagam S, Shiyama S. Analysis of pyocyanin compound and its antagonistic activity against phytopathogens. Int J ChemTech Res. 2013;5(3):1101–8.


15. Mullaiselvan I, Kanagaraj V, Dharmar B, Balaraman M, Meignanalakshmi S. Production, Characterization and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Pyocyanin Pigment Extracted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Industrial Soil Resources. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2020;9(3):2117–30.


16. Hamad MNF, Marrez DA, El-Sherbieny SMR. Toxicity evaluation and antimicrobial activity of purified pyocyanin from pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biointerface Res Appl Chem. 2020;10(6):6974–90.


17. DeBritto S, Gajbar TD, Satapute P, Sundaram L, Lakshmikantha RY, Jogaiah S, et al. Isolation and characterization of nutrient dependent pyocyanin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its dye and agrochemical properties. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):1–12.


18. Bouchemal K, Bories C, Loiseau PM. Strategies for Prevention and Treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis Infections. 2017;30(3):811–25.


19. karimi F, Bakhshi M, Dadgar S, Maleki Saghooni N.Review of anti-Trichomonas vaginalis herbs and their therapeutic effects. IJOGI, Feb 2018, 20 ( 12), 96-109. [In Persian]


20. Kissinger P. Trichomonas vaginalis: A review of epidemiologic, clinical and treatment issues. BMC Infect Dis [Internet]. 2015;15(1):1–8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-015-1055-0


21. Najafi E, Nakhaei Moghaddam M, Najafi M, Yousefi E. Application of phenazine pigment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to prepare colored paper and candel, NCMBJ ,2021,11/44,29-39. [In Persian]


22. Zr A, Ss A. Antimicrobial Effect of Pyocyanin Extracted from Pseudomonas aeroginosa Keywords : iMedPub Journals. 2016;6(6:3):4–7.


23. Zhao J, Wu Y, Alfred AT, Wei P, Yang S. Anticancer effects of pyocyanin on HepG2 human hepatoma cells. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2014;58(6):541–8.


24. Moayedi A, Nowroozi J, Akhavan Sepahy A. Cytotoxic effect of pyocyanin on human pancreatic cancer cell line (Panc-1). IJBMS. 2018;21(8):794–9.


25. Hassani HH, Hasan HM, Al-Saadi A, Ali AM, Muhammad MH. A comparative study on cytotoxicity and apoptotic activity of pyocyanin produced by wild type and mutant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PRIME .2012;2012(5):1389–94. Available from: www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com