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Open Access Article

1 - Nest Count of Breeding Waterbirds and Terrestrial Birds in Khor Musa in spring of 2015
Behrouz Behrouzi-Rad

The identification and counting of breeding species of birds in Khor Musa was carried out by total count method using a 10×40 Zais binocular and a 15×60 telescope, in spring of 2015. Sixty-five species of water birds and terrestrial birds were identified, 23 More

The identification and counting of breeding species of birds in Khor Musa was carried out by total count method using a 10×40 Zais binocular and a 15×60 telescope, in spring of 2015. Sixty-five species of water birds and terrestrial birds were identified, 23 species (35.38 percent) of which were breeders. Population of breeding birds was 14455 pairs in Khor Musa in spring 2015, from which 12826 pairs (97.72 percent) had bred in Dara and Ghabre Nakhoda islands. Seven species of water birdsbelonged to  four families, six species of waders and wading birds belonged to seven families and eight species of terrestrial birds belonged to eight families which bred in Khor Musa in 2015. Ghabre Nakhoda and Dara islands are sensitive habitat for breeding species especially for Sternidae and Dromas ardeola. Non-breeding population of birds (water birds and terrestrial birds) were 2181 individuals which belonged to 65 species, from which sixteen species (24.6 percent) with 595 individuals were terrestrial, 49 species (75.74 percent) with 1586 individuals (72.72 percent) were water birds. Therefore, the management and protection of Khor Musa as a sensitive habitat for breeding speciesand protection of chicks of 14455 breeding pairs of water birds, terrestrial birds and wintering species is vital. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Evaluation of the performance of Hospital Waste Water Treatment with Activated Sludge and Extended Aeration System using Activated Carbon for the Removal of Lambda-cyhalothrin Pesticide
M. Mamaghanifar L. Yadegarian H. Ghafourian

Hospital waste contains pathogens and dangerous chemicals. Considering the problems encountered in wastewater treatment, investigation of treatment methods and pesticide residue content of hospital wastewater and sewage outlet is utmost importance. The aim of this study More

Hospital waste contains pathogens and dangerous chemicals. Considering the problems encountered in wastewater treatment, investigation of treatment methods and pesticide residue content of hospital wastewater and sewage outlet is utmost importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of activated sludge with extended aeration system in treatment plants, for removal of Lambda-cyhalothrin in hospital wastewater and provide recommendations for improving the system. In this study six sewage outlet samples were taken before pesticide treatment and after first and second treatments from a hospital with extended aeration activated sludge system. Three samples from each sampling session were transferred into a container containing 0.5g activated carbon, to assess its effect on reduction of Lambda-cyhalothrin in wastewater. Lambda-cyhalothrin was extracted using QuEChERS method and analyzed using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/ MS). Finally, by employing SPSS software and using t-test and analysis of variance, at 95% significant level (P≤ 0.05), data were statistically analyzed. The results showed that concentrations of Lambda-cyhalothrin in hospital wastewater, before application, was below the limit of the detection and after two consecutive application, level of Lambda-cyhalothrin increased to 27.49 ± 0.086 and 37.56 ± 0.07 ppm, respectively. Using activated carbon treatment, the Lambda-cyhalothrin concentration decreased to 2.22 ± 0.05 and 1.54 ± 0.01 ppm, respectively. Comparing the results with standard levels recommended for pesticides, for drinking water (0.0001ppm) and sewage (0.031 ppm), all samples even after carbon active treatment, had significantly higher levels of Lambda-cyhalothrin at 95% confidence level. This reflects the fact that the extended aeration activated sludge system alone is not a sufficient technique for the removal and reduction of Lambda-cyhalothrin in hospital wastewater and to improve the current sewage treatment system, activated carbon can also be one of the options in reducing pesticide concentrations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Determination of Mercury, Lead, Cadmium and Arsenic in Muscle and Liver of Liza klunzingeri from Hendijan Seaport
M. Velayatzadeh E. Shahri

 This study determined the concentrations of mercury, lead, cadmium and arsenic in the muscle and liver of Liza klunzingeri from Khuzestan province. In this study, 18 samples of L. klunzingeri were collected from Hendijan seaport in winter. The concentrations of he More

 This study determined the concentrations of mercury, lead, cadmium and arsenic in the muscle and liver of Liza klunzingeri from Khuzestan province. In this study, 18 samples of L. klunzingeri were collected from Hendijan seaport in winter. The concentrations of heavy metals were obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry (Perkin Elmer 4100). The average length and weight of L. klunzingeri were 18.77±0.95 cm and 78.27±3.68 g, respectively. Concentration of Hg, Cd, Pb and As in muscle of L. klunzingeri were0.033±0.009, 0.171±0.017, 0.265±0.009, 0.092±0.008 mg kg-1 dry weight. Also, the amounts of these toxic metals in L. klunzingeri were 0.052±0.009, 0.224±0.011, 0.323±0.017, 0.160±0.008 mg kg-1 dry weight, respectively. The mercury, cadmium, lead and arsenic concentrations in liver of L. klunzingeri were higher than their levels in muscle. In this study, there was no significant positive  correlationbetweenconcentration of Hg, Cd, Pb and As with length and weight in muscle of Liza klunzingeri (P<0.05).Accumulation ofHg, Pb and As in muscle of Liza klunzingeri was lower than the WHO, FDA and NHMRC standards, but concentration of Cd was higher than the NHMRC standards. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Physical and Chemical Properties of Ships Ballast Waters and the Sea Water around Khark Petrochemical Terminals, Persian Gulf
adel tangestani B. Amraee G. Delbar

Ballast waters are one the most important sources of pollution in continental areas. Khark Island is among sensitive areas according to International Maritime Organizations (IMO). Shipping activities have emotional impact on marine waters around Kharg Petrochemical term More

Ballast waters are one the most important sources of pollution in continental areas. Khark Island is among sensitive areas according to International Maritime Organizations (IMO). Shipping activities have emotional impact on marine waters around Kharg Petrochemical terminals. In this study, ballast water and sea water samples around Khark Petrochemical terminals were seasonally analyzed in 2015. Temperature, pH, DO, salinity, EC, TDS, TSS, chloride, total hardness, sulphate, silicon and phosphate were measured in Kharg Petrochemical laboratory. In water, chloride ion was observed in the range of 19100 to 24300 mg / l and sulfate ions in the range of 2100 to 3340 mg / l. Phosphate ions were not detected in any of the ballast water samples and the waters around the island of Kharg. In the waters around Khark Island chloride ions at concentrations of 2100 to 23217 mg/l and sulfate ions in the range of 2370 to 3100 mg/l were observed. The results indicated that, availability of anions and cations in the ballast waters changed the balance of physical and chemical properties. This may cause stress and may affect marine life in the region. According to this study, water changing characteristics are not identified as an acute danger in the ecosystem. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The Effect of Changes in Wave Height on Erosion Pattern and Sedimentation in Inlet
A. Karami Khaniki M. S. Kiaee

Wave is one of the main factors forming inlets. Refraction of waves in shallow waters of inlet’s mouth forms bank flows and transports sediments in this area.  Wave height is one of the hydrodynamic parameters and its effect on flow and sedimentation patterns More

Wave is one of the main factors forming inlets. Refraction of waves in shallow waters of inlet’s mouth forms bank flows and transports sediments in this area.  Wave height is one of the hydrodynamic parameters and its effect on flow and sedimentation patterns are examined.   In this study, for this purpose, a coastal basin that is connected to the open sea through a mouth is simulated in Mike 21 software. For this simulation, an unstructured flexible mesh, with the dimension of 10 to 50 meters was used, in a finite difference model. In this model, the waves with 0.75, 1.5 and 2.2 m heights and 8 sec. fixed period are emitted perpendicular to the coastline. Then, the amounts of flow and sediment transportation are calculated in different parts of the mouth according to simulation results. The flow rate increases as the wave height increases and proportionally the volume of transported sediment is also increased. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Study on the structure of phytoplankton population in the Lar dam lake
F. Karbalaee

In this study, in order to investigate limnological and biological parameters of Lar dam lake such as indentification determination of the density and distribution of phytoplanktons, sampling were done during 3 months (July-August-September) and fixed in formalin 4% and More

In this study, in order to investigate limnological and biological parameters of Lar dam lake such as indentification determination of the density and distribution of phytoplanktons, sampling were done during 3 months (July-August-September) and fixed in formalin 4% and transferred to laboratory for further investigation under inverted microscope. In this study, 24 genera which belonged to 5 phytoplanktonic phyla were identified. Among these genera, 8 were belonged to Ochriphyta, 7 generaus was belonged to Chlorophyta, 3 genera were belonged to Dinophyta, 1 genera were belonged to Euglenophyta, 5 generaus was belonged to Cyanobacteria. In this reservoir dam, Ochriphyta was the dominant phytoplanktom phylum with being annually 88.59% of the population, and followeding by genera Asterionella was dominat samples. The others Other phytoplanktonic phylla were: Chlrophyta, Cyanobacteria, Dinophyta and Euglenophyta with following frequencies: of 6.48%, 2.88%, 1.76% and 0.25% respectively, followed by the and following genera: (Pandorina, Scendemus, Closterium, Oocystis, Gonium, Chodatella and Chlorella), (Anabaena, Merismopedia, Oscillatoria, Gleocapsa,  and Coelosphaerium), (Peridinium, Gymnodinium and Ceratium) and (Euglena). In all of the sampling months, the highest average density was belonged to Ochriphyta with 1560733 number per liter and the dominant genus of this phyllum which was observed in high number during in a months, was Asterionella. After that was, followed by Chlorophyta with average number of 164600 per liter and its dominant genera were Scenedesmus, Pandorina and Chlorella, respectively. Biological studies indicated that this reservoir had low planktonic generation potential. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Study on Trace Elements (Mo, Cu, Hg and As) in Water and Sediments in Aras River in East Azerbaijan Province
M. Ramin H. Nasrollahzadeh Saravi M. Dostar H. Ghasemi N. Pourang M. Baniamam

This study was conducted to determine water quality of Aras River (Western Azerbaijan), based on metals (Mo, Cu, As, Hg) at four stations (From Julfa to 25km after Nourdos border) during four seasons from 2015 to 2016. Thirty two samples of water and sediments were coll More

This study was conducted to determine water quality of Aras River (Western Azerbaijan), based on metals (Mo, Cu, As, Hg) at four stations (From Julfa to 25km after Nourdos border) during four seasons from 2015 to 2016. Thirty two samples of water and sediments were collected. All samples were analyzed using standard methods (digestion and extraction), using an atomic absorption specphotometer instrument. Results showed that Mo, Cu, As and Hg concentrations in waterand sediments ranged between 0.10-23.01, 3.0-40.0, 0.02-0.81, 23.7-104.6 µg/l, and 0.1-111.6, 17.5-482.5, 0.001-0.145, 46.8-303.6 µg/g.dw, respectively. As a conclusion, water quality of Aras River was classified as class III (moderately polluted) based on mean concentration of Cu. Mo concentration was found to be less than permissible level. Water quality of Aras River was classified as class IV and II based on mean values of Hg and As, respectively. Maximum levels of Mo and Cu in surface sediments were found at stations 3 and 4 during all seasons, which is because of effluents and sewage from Mo, gold and other metal mines from Armenia. Mean concentration of As at surface sediment was higher than recommended standard value, but concentration of Hg was lower than recommended value. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Assessment of Coastal Residential Structure Stability against Tsunami Waves
Afshin Mohseni Arasteh K. Lari N. Hashemi Pour

This research, is based on the analysis of field data as well as existing models of hypothetical tsunamis caused by the Makran fault under different scenarios, introduced forces on coastal residential structures, taking into account the depth of penetration and altitude More

This research, is based on the analysis of field data as well as existing models of hypothetical tsunamis caused by the Makran fault under different scenarios, introduced forces on coastal residential structures, taking into account the depth of penetration and altitude of the tsunami flood in the Chabahar area. Also, considering the land cover of the area, the stability of the residential structure of the sample was examined with the frame of a floor using the SAP2000 software. Since a structure is exerted against linear forces from the forces flowing from a tsunami, a nonlinear static analysis was used. In this study, existing residential buildings in the region were examined in such a way that the possible advance of the expected tsunami was anticipated to propose the most secure structures. Also, the probable flooding of Chabahar, the largest population center and coastal facility in the north of the Oman Sea, was assessed which was based on the simulation and numerical modeling of pre-assumed tsunami in the area. The results indicated that, in the case of a single-story structure, according to the thesample, up to a displacement of 0.6 cm for a base cut, about 55 tons behaves almost linearly. The structure moves into the destruction area after moving 1.55 cm. In a building with a two-story frame, the absence of walls resistant to hydrodynamic forces and the wave fracture force will be much less because the width of the column in front of the flow is much smaller than the width of the wall, which is equal to the total width of the frame. That is why the amount of these forces is greatly reduced. Manuscript profile

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