Eternal Chaos (The Myth of Creation)
Subject Areas : Mytho
Alirezā Shabānlu
1
(The Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature, IHCS)
Keywords: Myth, water, Time, Darkness, the Eternal Chaos,
Abstract :
Some scholars believe that myths are sacred narratives about the origin and destination of the universe. Although, there are apparently different views about the nature of the creation in the mythology of nations, these views are very similar and even the same in deep-structure. The stories about creation are based on an archetype; according to it, before creation there was only chaos. From this chaos, the first being appeared and from the first being, other things were created. The circle of the emergence of chaos and its transformation into order manifests constantly in human life and is symbolized in stories as dragons or demons. The emergence of the demon and dragon eliminates the order of existence, but by the killing of demon and dragon, the order returns and things get calm. The comparative and analytical research of the myths of some nations, shows that the process of chaos and its transformation into order is a psychological and cognitive action; and as human beings have many similarities and common cognitive faculties, it can be found many myths, like the myth of chaos, that have the same motif and function, though each one is expressed in a different way.
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Aflatun (plato).(2014/1392 SH). Čahār resāle (Meno, Phaedrus, Theaetetus, Hippias). Tr. by Mahmūd Sana'ī. Tehrān: Hermes.
Bierlein, j.f. (2008/1386 SH). Ostūre-hā-ye mowāzī (Parallel Myths). Tr. by Abbās moxber. Tehrān: markaz.
Birrell, Anne (2006/1384 SH). Ostūre-hā-ye čīnī (Chinese myths). Tr. by Abbās moxber. Tehrān: markaz.
Burland ,Cottie Arthur (1994/ 1372 SH). Ostūre-hā-ye hayāt o marg (Myths of Life and Death). Tr. by Roqayye Behzādī. Tehrān: Elm.
Campbell, Joseph. (2002/1380 SH). Qodrat-e ostūre (The Power of myth). Tr. by Abbās moxber. Tehrān: markaz.
Eagleton,Terry (2002/1380 SH), Nazarīye-ye adabī (Literary Theory), Tr. by Abbās moxber. Tehrān: markaz.
Eliade, Mircea. (2006/1384 SH). Ostūre bāzgašt-e jāvedāne (The myth of the eternal return, or, cosmos and history). Tr. by Bahman Sarkārātī. Tehrān: Tahūrī.
____________. (2013/1391 SH). Tasāvīr va namād-hā (Images and symbols). Tr.by Mohammad kāzem mohājerī. Tehrān: pārse.
Erdoes, Richard & Alfonso Oritz. (2009/1387 SH). Ostūre-hā va afsāne-hā-ye Sorx-pūstān-e āmrīkā (American Indian Myths and Legends). Tr. by Abolqāsem Esmā’īlpūr. Tehrān: Češme.
Frazer, James George. (2008/ 1386 SH). Šāxe-ye zarrīn (The Golden Bough). Tr. by Kāzem Fīrūzmand, Tehrān: Āgāh.
Guthrie, William Keith Chambers. (1997/1375 SH). Tārīx-e falsafe-ye yūnān (A history of Greek philosophy). Tr. by Mahdī Qavām Safarī. Tehrān: fekr-e rūz.
Hojvīrī, Abolhasan Alī ibn e Osmān. (2006/1384 SH). Kašf ol mahjūb. Ed. byMahmūd Ābedī. Tehrān: Sorūš.
Jung, Carl Gustav .(1994/1372 SH). Ravān-šenāsī-ye zamīr-e nāxodāgāh (Uber die psychologie des unbewussten). Tr. by Mohammad Ali Amīrī. Tehrān: Entešārāt o Āmūzeš-e Enqelāb-e Eslāmī.
__________________ .(2009/1387 SH). Ensān dar jost–o-jū-ye hovīyyat-e xīštan (Le'homme a la d'ecouvete de son ame; structure et fonctionnement). Tr. by Mahmūd Behforūzī. Tehrān: jāmī.
Kennedyy, Mike Dixon. (2007/1385 SH) Dāneš-nāme-ye asātīr-e yūnān va rūm (Encyclopedia of Greco-Roman Mythology). Tr. by Roqayye Behzādī. Tehrān: Tahūrī.
McCall, Henrietta. (1995/1373 SH). Ostūre-hā-ye beyno nnahreynī (Mesopotamian myths). Tr. by Abbās Moxber. Tehrān: markaz.
Mills, Donald H (2015/1393 SH). Qahramān va daryā (The Hero And The Sea: Patterns Of Chaos In Ancient Myth). Tr. by Artemīs Rezāpūr & Afšīn Rezāpūr. Tehrān: Qoqnūs.
Mowlavī, jalāl al-dīn Mohammad. (1993/1371 SH). Kolliyāt -e šams- e tabrīzī. Ed. by Badī’ al- zamān forūzānfar, Tehrān: Negāh.
_____________________________. (2004/1382 SH). Masnavī. Ed. by Tofīq Sobhānī. Tehrān: rowzane.
Nāmvar motlaq, Bahman. (2014/1392SH). Darāmadī bar ostūre-šenāsī. Tehrān: Soxan.
Segal, Robert Alan. (2016/1394SH). Ostūre (Myth). Tr. by Farīde Farnūdfar. Tehrān: Basīrat.