Modeling Dynamic Cohesion in the Development Process

Subject Areas : Journal of Iranian Social Development Studies

Hamid Sajjadi ¹ , Ebrahim Motaghi ²

1 - Ph.D. in Sociology, Department of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran
2 - Professor of Political Sciences, Department of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran

Received: 2017-11-18 Accepted : 2017-11-18 Published : 2017-05-22

Keywords: cohesion, development plan, participation, civil institution, integration,

Abstract :

Maintaining and promoting unity plays a crucial role in the direction and operation of the full capacity of social system during a process of development. However, most of the communities undergoing development process face a lot of challenges, each one posing a serious threat to integration and community cohesion. The critical question is that what causes challenge social cohesion in the development process and how to maintain cohesion in the development process. Using thematic analysis, national development plans, reports compiled by international organizations in different periods as well as theoretical discussions on development were analyzed, and by identifying the main themes and the relationships between them, a dynamic model of maintaining cohesion during a process of development was drawn. The main themes of promoting dynamic cohesion in the society during development process were identified and formulated through the paradigmatic model of Strauss under four main categories of revising strategy of development planning, controlling consequences in development process, and redefining elements related to agents of development and ultimately contextual items.

References:

1. بشیریه، حسین (1386)، عقل در سیاست، تهران، نگاه معاصر.


2. چلبی، مسعود (1376)، وفاق اجتماعی، نامه علوم اجتماعی، جلد دوم، شماره سوم، دانشگاه تهران، بهار.


3. زاگس، ولف کانگ (1377)، نگاهی نو به مفاهیم توسعه، ترجمه فریده فرحی و وحید بزرگی، تهران، نشر مرکز.


4. ﮐﺎﺳﺘﻠﺰ، ﻣﺎﻧﻮﺋﻞ (1381)، ﻋﺼﺮ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت: اﻗﺘﺼﺎد، ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ (ﺟﻠﺪ دوم: ﻗﺪرت ﻫﻮﯾﺖ)، ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺣﺴﻦ ﭼﺎوﺷﯿﺎن. ﺗﻬﺮان: ﻃﺮح ﻧﻮ.


5. لفت ویچ، آدریان، (۱۳۸۵)، دولت‌های توسعه گرا، ترجمه جواد افشار کهن، تهران، مرندیز و نی‌نگار.


6. هانتینگتون، ساموئل (1370)، سامان سیاسی در جوامع دستخوش دگرگونی، چاپ نهم، ترجمه: محسن ثلاثی، تهران، نشر علم.

 

1. Beckman, C.M., Haunschild, P.R., & Phillips, D.J. (2004). Friends or Strangers? Firm-specific uncertainity, market uncertainty and network partner selection. Organization Science, 15(3), 259-75.


2. Braun, V.  & Clarke, V.  (2006), “Using thematic analysis in psychology”, Qualitative Research in Psychology, Vol. 3, No. 2, Pp. 77-101.


3. De Miranda, Carlos Luiz and Alberto Renault Adib 2007: Sustainable development and the Territorial Approach: Identities and Typologies. COMUNICA, Third Year, Second Stage, May-August 2007, 42-48. Available at http://webiica.iica.ac.cr/bibliotecas/repiica/B0579i/B0579i.pdf (accessed 22 September 2014).


4. Delli Priscoli (2003) Jerme: Participation Consensus Building and Conflict Management Training, UNESCO


5. Developing National Sustainable Development Strategies in Post-Conflict Countries - WORKING DRAFT –United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Division for Sustainable Development, accessed 22 September 2014 http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org


6. Dudwick, Nora and Adam Nelsson 2008: A Stocktaking of PRSPs in Fragile States. PREMnotes Poverty, No 127. Washington, D.C: World Bank. 


7. Edigheji, O. (2005). A Democratic Developmental State in Africa: A concept paper. Johannesburg: Centre for Policy Studies.


8. Evans, P. (2010). The Challenge of 21st Century Development: Building Capability -Enhancing States. New York: United Nations Development Programme.


9. Fielding, N. and J. Fielding, (1986), Linking Data, London: Sage Publications Ltd.


10. Gabriel Moti, Development plans and visions as a stategy fot sustainable devepment: The experience of Nigeria. Ukertor, Department of Public Administration, University of Abuja, P.M.B. 117, Abuja, Nigeria. 2009


11. Gabrium, J. F. (1998), Analyzing Field Reality, London: Sage Publications Ltd.


12. Goldsmith, Stephen, & Eggers, William. D. (2004) Governing by network: the new shape of the public sector. Washington, D.C.: BROOKINGS INSTITUTION PRESS.


13. Gordon LA, Narayanan VK. (2007), Management accounting systems, perceived environmental uncertainty and organizational structure: an empirical investigation. Acc Organ Soc: 33–47.


14. HANDBOOK ON PLANNING, MONITORING AND EVALUATING FOR DEVELOPMENT RESULTS, United Nations Development Programme, 2009, New York, Handbook Website: http://www.undp.org/eo/handbook


15. Kaltenborn-Stachau, Henriette (2008): The Missing Link. Fostering Positive Citizen-State Relations in Post-Conflict Environments. Communication for Governance and Accountability Program. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.


16. King, N., & Horrocks, C. (2010), Interviews in qualitative research, London: Sage.


17. Miller D. (1991), Sale in the saddle: CEO tenure and the match between organization and environment. Manage Sci; 37(1):34–52.


18. Patrina Dumaru, Fiji National Assessment Report: A Background Document for the Formulation of the National Sustainable Development Strategy, July, 2006


19. REPORT ON STATUS REVIEW OF NATIONAL STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN GHANA, International Institute for Environment and Development, London, UK and National Development Planning Commission, Accra, Ghana, Seth D. Vordzorgbe, Lead Consultant and Ben Caiquo, June 2001, P 42-43


20. Sanoff, Henry (2000) “Community Participation Methods in Design and Planning”, John Wiley & Sons, INC.


21. South Africa’s National Development Plan and its implications for regional development, Harry Zarenda, Tralac Working Paper, June 2013, Stellenbosch: Trade law Center, P 13- 14.


22. The DAC Guidelines Strategies for Sustainable Development, Paris, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Publications, 2001, Retrieved October 31, 2014 on http://www.oecd.org/dac/environment-development/2669958.pdf


23. Thomas, James and Angela Harden (2008), Methods for the Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Research in Systematic Reviews, ESRC National Centre for Research Methods NCRM Working Paper Series Number (10/07), Social Science Research Unit, London.


24. Twelfth five year plan (2012/2017) Planning Commission, Government of India, 2013


25. UNDESA 2002: Guidance in Preparing a National Development Strategy: Managing Sustainable Development in the New Millennium, Background Paper No. 13. New York: UNDESA.


26. World Bank 2005a: Toward a Conflict-Sensitive Poverty Reduction Strategy: Lessons from a Retrospective Analysis. Available at http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/lib.nsf/db900SID/EVIU-6EHGL8?OpenDocument (accessed 15 October 2014).


27. World Bank 2010: Afghanistan: National Solidarity Program. Available at http://go.worldbank.org/YIGO5M0U30 (accessed 15 October 2014).

1. بشیریه، حسین (1386)، عقل در سیاست، تهران، نگاه معاصر.


2. چلبی، مسعود (1376)، وفاق اجتماعی، نامه علوم اجتماعی، جلد دوم، شماره سوم، دانشگاه تهران، بهار.


3. زاگس، ولف کانگ (1377)، نگاهی نو به مفاهیم توسعه، ترجمه فریده فرحی و وحید بزرگی، تهران، نشر مرکز.


4. ﮐﺎﺳﺘﻠﺰ، ﻣﺎﻧﻮﺋﻞ (1381)، ﻋﺼﺮ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت: اﻗﺘﺼﺎد، ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ (ﺟﻠﺪ دوم: ﻗﺪرت ﻫﻮﯾﺖ)، ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺣﺴﻦ ﭼﺎوﺷﯿﺎن. ﺗﻬﺮان: ﻃﺮح ﻧﻮ.


5. لفت ویچ، آدریان، (۱۳۸۵)، دولت‌های توسعه گرا، ترجمه جواد افشار کهن، تهران، مرندیز و نی‌نگار.


6. هانتینگتون، ساموئل (1370)، سامان سیاسی در جوامع دستخوش دگرگونی، چاپ نهم، ترجمه: محسن ثلاثی، تهران، نشر علم.