Full-Wave Investigation of Far- and Near- Fields of a Vessel and Extracting Far-Field from Near-Field Data Scattered in X Frequency Band

Subject Areas : Telecommunication field and wave

Farzad Khajeh-Khalili ¹ ( Antenna Design Center- Moj Afzar Farda Company, Isfahan, Iran, )
Reza Jokar ² ( Electrical Engineering Department- Kian Institute of Higher Education, Isfahan, Iran )

Received: 2022-09-07 Accepted : 2022-12-31 Published : 2022-12-31

Keywords: Near-field, Vessel, X-band, Far-field, radar cross section,

Abstract :

In this paper, the far- and near-fields of a vessel are discussed in the full-wave CST software environ­ment. In this regard, the far-field is extracted with the help of the data obtained from the scattered near-field. First, to explain the method used to calculate the scattered near-field, a simple structure (metal cube) is simulated. Then, by simulating the full-wave of a vessel with the dimensions of 130.8×20×23.1 cm3 or 1.54×103 λ3 at 8.5 GHz from the X-band, its far- and near-fields were calculated and reported according to the mentioned method. In the following, the far-field of this vessel is obtained with the help of the available data from the scattered near-field. The characteristic of the radar cross section (RCS) of this vessel is also calculated using the Asymptotic solver of the CST software. The maximum RCS of the vessel at 8.5 GHz is equal to 2.51 m2. In order to calculate all near- and far-electric fields, the Time Domain solver has been used. The simplicity of calculating the far-field from the near-field presented in this paper makes it possible to analyze similar structures using the same method.

References:

[1] A. Yaghjian, "An overview of near-field antenna measurements", IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 30-45, Jan. 1986 (doi: 10.1109/TAP.1986.1143727).

[2] P. Petre, T.K. Sarkar, "Planar near-field to far-field transformation using an equivalent magnetic current approach", IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 40, no. 11, pp. 1348-1356, Nov. 1992 (doi: 10.1109/8.202712).

[3] O. Orgeira, G. León, N.J.G. Fonseca, P. Mongelos, O. Quevedo-Teruel, "Near-field focusing multibeam geodesic lens antenna for stable aggregate gain in far-field", IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 70, no. 5, pp. 3320-3328, May 2022 (doi: 10.1109/TAP.2021.3139093).

[4] M.A. Benchana, A. Khalfallaoui, S. Taba, A. Babouri, Z. Riah, "A hybrid equivalent source-particle swarm optimization model for accurate near-field to far-field conversion", Integration, vol. 89, pp. 134-145, Mar. 2023 (doi: 10.1016/j.vlsi.2022.12.001).

[5] R.R. Alavi, R. Mirzavand, A. Kiaee, P. Mousavi, "An adaptive data acquisition technique to enhance the speed of near-field antenna measurement", IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 70, no. 7, pp. 5873-5883, July 2022 (doi: 10.1109/TAP.2022.3145452).

[6] Y. Su, Z.N. Chen, "A radical transformation-optics mapping for flat ultra-wide-angle dual-polarized stacked GRIN MTM Luneburg lens antenna", IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 67, no. 5, pp. 2961-2970, May 2019 (doi: 10.1109/TAP.2019.2900346).

[7] T.K. Sarkar, A. Taaghol, "Near-field to near/far-field transformation for arbitrary near-field geometry utilizing an equivalent electric current and MoM", IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 566-573, Mar. 1999 (doi: 10.1109/8.768793).

[8] Y. Zhang, Y. Jia, X. Liu, J. Li, "Research on near far field transform algorithm based on probe compe­nsat­ion", Journal of Physics, vol. 1827, pp. 1-6, Jan. 2021 (doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1827/1/012135).

[9] B. Yan, S.A. Saoudy, B.P. Sinha, "A low cost planar near-field/far-field antenna measurement system", Proceeding of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 1997, pp. 152-155, Digest, Montreal, QC, Canada, July 1997 (doi: 10.1109/APS.1997.630109).

[10] P.M. Morse, H. Feshbach, "Methods of theoretical physics", McGraw-Hill, New York, 1953, Chapter 13.

[11] Y. Rahmat-Samii, V. Galindo, R. Mittra, "A plane-polar approach for far-field construction from near-field measurements", IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, vol. AP-28, no. 3, pp. 216-230, Mar. 1980 (doi: 10.1109/TAP.1980.1142316).

[12] L.I. Williams, Y. Rahmat-Samii, "Novel bi-polar planar near-field measurement scanner at UCLA", Proceeding of the IEEE/APS, pp. 1446-1449, London, Ontario, Canada, June 1991 (doi: 10.1109/AP­S.1­991.175122).

[13] F. Khajeh-Khalili, M.A. Honarvar, "Novel tunable peace logo planar metamaterial unit-cell for millimeter-wave applications", ETRI Journal, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 389-395, June 2018 (doi: 10.4218/etrij.2018-0013).

[14] F. Khajeh-Khalili, M.A. Honarvar, M. Naser-Moghadasi, M. Dolatshahi, "High‐gain, high‐isolation, and wideband millimetre‐wave closely spaced multiple‐input multiple‐output antenna with metamaterial wall and metamaterial superstrate for 5G applications", IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 379-388, Mar. 2021 (doi: 10.1049/mia2.12055).

[15] F. Khajeh-Khalili, M.A. Honarvar, M. Naser-Moghadasi M. Dolatshahi, "Gain enhancement and mutual coupling reduction of multiple‐intput multiple‐output antenna for millimeter-wave applications using two types of novel metamaterial structures", International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 1-9, Jan. 2020 (doi: 10.1002/mmce.22006).

[16] P. Shirvani, F. Khajeh-Khalili, M.H. Neshati, "Design investigation of a dual-band wearable antenna for tele-monitoring applications", AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 138, pp. 1-8, Aug. 2021 (doi: 10.1016/j.aeue.2021.153840).

[17] W. Yeung, M. Narasimhan, M. Karthikeyan, "Evaluation of Fourier integrals using a FFT with improved accuracy and its applications", IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 33, no. 8, pp. 924-926, Aug. 1985 (doi: 10.1109/TAP.1984.1143325).

[18] C.H. Schmidt, T.F. Eibert, "Near-field to far-field transformation utilising multilevel plane wave represe­nt­ation for planar and quasi-planar measurement contours", IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1829- 1836, Nov. 2010 (doi: 10.1049/iet-map.2009.0076).

[19] C. Apriono, N. Nofrizal, M.D. Firmansyah, F.Y. Zulkifli, E.T. Rahardjo, "Near-field to far-field transfo­rm­ation of cylindrical scanning antenna measurement using two dimension fast-Fourier transform", Proceeding of the IEEE/QiR, pp. 368-371, Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia, July 2017 (doi: 10.1109/QIR.201­7.816­8513).