Psychometric characteristics of Persian version of Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood
Subject Areas : روانشناسی تحولی
1 - Assistant Professor of Department of Psychology and Counselling, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: inventory of the demotion of emerging adulthood, Persian version, validation, factor analysis, validity, reliability,
Abstract :
This research was conducted with the aim of validating the Persian version of the Emerging Adult Dimensions Inventory (Raifman, Arnett and Colwell, 2007), an instrument for measuring the characteristics of emerging adults, and determining its psychometric properties in an Iranian sample. The research method was correlation. The statistical population was students of public universities in Tehran province, and the sample included 500 students. The instrument was IDEA-R (Raifman, Arnett & Colwell, 2007). construct validity analysis was done with CFA method. The findings showed that the main six-factor structure of 31 items translated into Persian, adapted to the data of the Iranian context. Psychometric indices indicated that the fit of the model. As a result, the construct validity of the instrument was confirmed. Concurrent validity was also confirmed. The internal consistency and reliability of the whole instrument and its subscales were confirmed. The findings were discussed in the light of previous research results. As a result, using the Iranian version of this questionnaire (IDEA-P) to measure the characteristics of Iranian emerging adults is valid. Therefore, the use of the Iranian version is suggested to Iranian researchers for the study of emerging adulthood.
References:
Alavi, M., Visentin, D. C., Thapa, DK., Hunt, G. E., Watson, R., & Cleary, M. (2020). Exploratory factor analysis and principal component analysis in clinical studies: Which one should you use? Journal of Advanced Nursing, 76 (8), 1886-1889.
Arnett, J.J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469-480.
Arnett, J. J. (2001). Conceptions of the transition to adulthood: Perspectives from adolescence through midlife. Journal of Adult Development, 8 (2), 133-143.
Arnett, J.J. (2004). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties. New York: Oxford University Press.
Arnett, J.J. (2006). Emerging adulthood: Understanding the new way of coming of age. In J.J. Arnett & J.L. Tanner (Eds.), Emerging adults in America: Coming of age in the 21st century pp. 3-19). Washington, DC: APA Books.
Arnett, J.J., & Schwab, J. (2012). The Clark University Poll of Emerging Adults: Thriving, struggling, and hopeful. Worcester, MA: Clark University. Retrieved 12 Apil 2023 from: https://www2.clarku.edu/clark-poll-emerging-adults/pdfs/clark-university-poll-emerging-adults-findings.
Arnett, J.J. (2024). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties (3nd edition). New York: Oxford University Press.
Atak, Hasan & Cok, Figen. (2008). The Turkish version of Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood. International Journal of Human and Social Sciences, 2 (3), 281-287.
Baggio, S., Iglesias, K., Studer, J., & Gmel, G. (2014). An 8-Item Short Form of the Inventory of Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood among young Swiss men. Evaluation & Amp the Health Professions.
Banabehbahani, P., Ghorban Jahormi, R., & Jomehari, F. (2020). Presenting a model for predicting the social health of young people based on emerging adulthood dimensions and the mediating role of self-concept. Cultural Psychology, 4 (2), 203 - 222.
Barrera-Herrera, A., Leal-Paredes, N., Cid-Penroz, A., Huerta-Espinoza, M. J., Riffo-Álvarez, C., Vallejos-Barrera, L., & Raipán-Gómez, P. (2024). Narrative review of the positive development model for Chilean emerging adults. Universidad y Salud, 26(2), 41-50.
Cohen, R. J., & Swerdlik, M. E. (2018). Psychological Testing and Assessment. McGraw-Hill Education.
Côté, J. E. (1997). An empirical test of the identity capital model. Journal of Adolescence, 20(5), 577–597.
Crocetti, E., Tagliabue, S., Sugimura, K., Nelson, L. J., Takahashi, A., Niwa, T., et al. (2015). Perceptions of emerging adulthood: A study with Italian and Japanese university students and young workers. Emerging Adulthood, 3(4), 229-243.
Dutra-Thomé, L. (2013). Emerging adulthood in southern Brazilians from differing socioeconomic status: Social and subjective markers. PhD Dissertation, Federal University.
Dutra-Thomé, L., & Koller, S. H. (2017). Brazilian version of the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood: Investigating the current transition to adulthood. Trends in Psychology, 25(3), 901–912.
Eskandari, R., Hijazi, E. & Rouhani, N. (2022). The role of emerging adulthood characteristics in the positive development of youth. The Fifth International conference of Educational Psychology: Psycho-educational Interventions.
Faas, C., McFall, J., Peer, J. W., Schmolesky, M. T., Chalk, H. M., Hermann, A., Chopik, W. J., Leighton, D. C., Lazzara, J., Kemp, A., DiLillio, V., & Grahe, J. (2020). Emerging Adulthood MoA/IDEA-8 Scale Characteristics from multiple institutions. Emerging Adulthood, 8(4), 259–269.
Falsafi, N., & Nemat Tavousi, M. (2019). The role of identity dimensions in self-esteem and psychological well-being in emerging adulthood. Journal of Developmental Psychology: Iranian Psychologists, 59 (15), 225-236. [In Persian].
Fathi, M. R. (2016). Investigating the identity status of preservice training teacher’s students and other students based on the theory of emerging adulthood and the role of agency in it. Doctoral Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran. [In Persian].
Fathi, M. R. (2023). Emerging adulthood, a winding road to adulthood. Tehran: Parkaas. [In Persian].
Fathi, M. R., Kiamanesh, A. R., & Jomehri, F. (2018 a). Emerging adulthood and its characteristics in Iranian university students. Iranian Journal of Educational Sociology, 1(7), 82-101. [In Persian].
Fathi, M. R., Kiamanesh, A. R., & Jomehri, F. (2018 b). The role of human agency, gender and age in identity characteristics: Arnett's emerging adulthood. Journal of Developmental Psychology: Iranian Psychologists, 57 (15), 23-44. [In Persian].
Fierro Arias, D., & Moreno Hernández, A. (2007). Emerging adulthood in Mexican and Spanish youth: Theories and realities. Journal of Adolescent Research, 22(5), 476-503.
Gala, J., & Kapadia, S. (2014), Romantic love, commitment and marriage in EA in an Indian context. Views of Emerging Adults and Middle Adults, Psychology and Developing Societies, 26(1) 115–141.
Galanaki, E., & Sideridis, G. (2019). Dimensions of emerging adulthood, criteria for adulthood, and identity development in Greek studying youth: A person-centered approach. Emerging Adulthood 7, 411–431.
Hill, J. M., Lalji, M., van Rossum, G., van der Geest, V. R., & Blokland, A. A. (2015). Experiencing emerging adulthood in the Netherlands. Journal of Youth Studies, 18(8), 1035– 1056.
Jensen, L. A., & Arnett, J.J. (2012). Going global: New pathways for adolescents and emerging adults in a changing world. Journal of Social Issues, 68(3), 473-492.
Kim, S. (2012). Developmental changes of emerging adult couples during transition to parenthood. presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements. Master of Science in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University.
Klementyeva M.V. (2023). The Russian version of Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (the IDEA-R): Developmental features of university students. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University Psychology, 13 (2), 164–182.
Kuang, J., Zhong, J., Yang, P., Bai, X., Liang, Y., Cheval, B., et al (2023). Psychometric evaluation of the Inventory of Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA) in China. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 23(1), 100331.
Lanctot, J., & Poulin, F. (2018). Emerging adulthood features and adjustment: A person-centered approach. Emerging Adulthood, 6(2), 91–103.
Leontopoulou, S., Mavridis, D., & Giotsa, A. (2016). Psychometric properties of the Greek Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood: University student perceptions of developmental features. Journal of Adult Development, 23, 226-244.
Lindström, E. (2015). The Relationship between identity development and religiousness in Swedish emerging adults. MA thesis, Stockholm University.
Lisha, NE., Grana, R., Sun, P., Rohrbach, L., Spruijt-Metz, D., Reifman, A., & Sussman, S. (2014). Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the revised Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA-R) in a sample of continuation high school students. Evaluation & Health Professions, 37(2),156-77.
Macek, P., Bejček, J., & Vaníčková, J. (2007). Contemporary Czech emerging adults: Generation growing up in the period of social changes. Journal of Adolescent Research, 22(5), 444-475.
Marsh, H., Hau, K., & Grayson, D. (2005). Goodness of fit in structural equation models. Psychometrics A Festschrift to Roderick P McDonald.
Mattys, L., Luyckx, K., Noens, I., & Baeyens, D. (2020). Features of Flemish emerging adults and their association with demographic markers. Psychologica Belgica, 60 (1), 37-54.
Naghizadeh, M. A., Lari, N., Hijazi, E., & Salehi, K. (2021). Qualitative investigation of characteristics of developmental period of emerging adulthood in Iranian students: Culture and gender. Journal of Psychology, 25 (1), 3-31. [In Persian].
Narimani, M., Rahimzadegan, S. (2020). Investigating the relationship between identity (emerging adulthood) and Integrative Self-Knowledge and academic help-seeking behavior of female students. Journal of Educational Psychology Studies, 17 (38), 47-66. [In Persian].
Negru, O. (2012). The time of your life: Emerging adulthood characteristics in a sample of Romanian high-school and university students. Cognition, Brain, Behavior. An Interdisciplinary Journal, 16, (3), 357-367.
NG, P., Yang, S. & Chiu, R. (2024). Features of emerging adulthood, perceived stress and life satisfaction in Hong Kong emerging adults. Current Psychology, 43 (23), 1-13.
Nice, M. L., & Joseph, M. (2023). The features of emerging adulthood and individuation: Relations and differences by college-going status, age, and living situation. Emerging Adulthood, 11 (2), 271-287.
Nolan, A. M. (2006). An examination of features of emerging adulthood. MA thesis, Carleton University.
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Ozer, S., Meca, A., & Schwartz, S. J. (2019). Globalization and identity development among emerging adults from Ladakh. Culture Divers Ethnic Minor Psychology, 25 (4), 515-526.
Pérez, J. C., Cumsille, P., & & Martínez, M. L. (2008). Construct validity of the Inventory of Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood in a Chilean sample. Poster presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research on Adolescence. Retrieved 18 May, 2013 from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215602597_Construct_Validity_of_the_Inventory_of_Dimensions_of_Emerging_Adulthood_in_a_Chilean_Sample
Raiu, S-L., Roth, M., & Hărăguş, T-P. (2014). Emerging adulthood in Romania: Comparison between the perceptions twelfth graduates and students about maturity. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 149, 803 – 807.
Reifman, A., Arnett, J. J., & Colwell, M. J. (2007). Emerging adulthood: Theory, assessment and application. Journal of Youth Development, 2(1), 37-48.
Reifman, A., Arnett, J. J., & Colwell, M. J. (2016). The IDEA: Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (extensive analyses to accompany Reifman, Arnett, & Colwell, 2007, Journal of Youth Development.
Revelle, W. (2023). Psych: procedures for psychological, psychometric, and personality research. R package version 2.2.9. Retrieved July 18, 2023 from: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/psych/psych.pdf
Rouhani, N., Hijazi, E., & Eskandari, R. (2022). Examining the effect of personal agency on my identity in emerging adulthood. The fifth international conference of educational psychology: Psychological-educational Interventions.
Salvatore, C. (2018). Emerging adulthood: A time of instability, exploration, and change. In Sex, Crime, Drugs, and Just Plain Stupid Behaviors. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. Retrieved March 21, 2024 from: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72766-0_3
Sánchez-Queija, I., Parra, Á., Camacho, C., & Arnett, J. J. (2018). Spanish version of the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA-S). Emerging Adulthood, 8, 237 - 244.
Sirsch, U., Dreher, E., Mayr, E., & Willinger, U. (2009). What does it take to be an adult in Austria? Views of adulthood in Austrian adolescents, emerging adults, and adults. Journal of Adolescent Research, 24 (3), 275 – 292.
Spišáková, D., & Raczova, B. (2020). Emerging adulthood features: An overview of the research in approaches and perspectives in goals area. Človek a spoločnosť, 23 (1), 1-16.
Tagliabue, S., Crocetti E., & Lanz, M. (2015). Emerging adulthood features and criteria for adulthood: Variable- and person-centered approaches. Journal of Youth Studies, 19(3), 374-388.
Vallerand, R. J. (1989). Towards Transcultural Validation Methodology of Psychological Questionnaires: Implications for French Research. Canadian Psychology, 30, 662-689.
Wider, W., Mustafa, M., & Halik, M. H. (2016). Investigating the measurement of Malay version of inventory of dimensions of emerging adulthood (M-IDEA) among first year university students in Malaysia. International Journal of Current Research, 8 (4), 9878-9884.
Yang, D. Y.-J., Chiu, C.-Y., Chen, X., Cheng, S. Y. Y., Kwan, L. Y.-Y., Tam, K.-P. et al. (2011), Lay psychology of globalization and its social impact. Journal of Social Issues, 67, 677–695.
Yerofeyeva V.G. (2023). Characteristics of emerging adulthood: Adaptation of the questionnaire in Russian culture. Social Psychology and Society, 14 (3), 187–204.
Yerofeyeva, V. G., Wang, P., Yang, Y., Serobyan, A. K., Grigoryan, A. K., & Nartova-Bochaver, S. K. (2024). Shimmering emerging adulthood: In search of the invariant IDEA model for collectivistic countries. Front in Psychology, 8, 15, 1349375.
Zagórska, W., Skoczeń, I., Lipska, A., & Arnett, J.J. (2023). Polish adaptation of the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA-PL). Current Issues in Personality Psychology, 11 (3), 251-257.
Zaluski, S. D. (2012). Emerging Adulthood: a mixed method comparative analysis across vocational setting. PhD Dissertation, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon.
Zumbo, Bruno & Gadermann, Anne & Zeisser, Cornelia. (2007). Ordinal Versions of Coefficients Alpha and Theta for Likert Rating Scales. Journal of modern applied statistical methods: JMASM. 6. 21-29.
Zorotovich, J. R. (2014). Five dimensions of emerging adulthood: A comparison between students, nonstudents, and college graduates. PhD Dissertation, University of Tennessee – Knoxville
Alavi, M., Visentin, D. C., Thapa, DK., Hunt, G. E., Watson, R., & Cleary, M. (2020). Exploratory factor analysis and principal component analysis in clinical studies: Which one should you use? Journal of Advanced Nursing, 76 (8), 1886-1889.
Arnett, J.J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469-480.
Arnett, J. J. (2001). Conceptions of the transition to adulthood: Perspectives from adolescence through midlife. Journal of Adult Development, 8 (2), 133-143.
Arnett, J.J. (2004). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties. New York: Oxford University Press.
Arnett, J.J. (2006). Emerging adulthood: Understanding the new way of coming of age. In J.J. Arnett & J.L. Tanner (Eds.), Emerging adults in America: Coming of age in the 21st century pp. 3-19). Washington, DC: APA Books.
Arnett, J.J., & Schwab, J. (2012). The Clark University Poll of Emerging Adults: Thriving, struggling, and hopeful. Worcester, MA: Clark University. Retrieved 12 Apil 2023 from: https://www2.clarku.edu/clark-poll-emerging-adults/pdfs/clark-university-poll-emerging-adults-findings.
Arnett, J.J. (2024). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties (3nd edition). New York: Oxford University Press.
Atak, Hasan & Cok, Figen. (2008). The Turkish version of Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood. International Journal of Human and Social Sciences, 2 (3), 281-287.
Baggio, S., Iglesias, K., Studer, J., & Gmel, G. (2014). An 8-Item Short Form of the Inventory of Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood among young Swiss men. Evaluation & Amp the Health Professions.
Banabehbahani, P., Ghorban Jahormi, R., & Jomehari, F. (2020). Presenting a model for predicting the social health of young people based on emerging adulthood dimensions and the mediating role of self-concept. Cultural Psychology, 4 (2), 203 - 222.
Barrera-Herrera, A., Leal-Paredes, N., Cid-Penroz, A., Huerta-Espinoza, M. J., Riffo-Álvarez, C., Vallejos-Barrera, L., & Raipán-Gómez, P. (2024). Narrative review of the positive development model for Chilean emerging adults. Universidad y Salud, 26(2), 41-50.
Cohen, R. J., & Swerdlik, M. E. (2018). Psychological Testing and Assessment. McGraw-Hill Education.
Côté, J. E. (1997). An empirical test of the identity capital model. Journal of Adolescence, 20(5), 577–597.
Crocetti, E., Tagliabue, S., Sugimura, K., Nelson, L. J., Takahashi, A., Niwa, T., et al. (2015). Perceptions of emerging adulthood: A study with Italian and Japanese university students and young workers. Emerging Adulthood, 3(4), 229-243.
Dutra-Thomé, L. (2013). Emerging adulthood in southern Brazilians from differing socioeconomic status: Social and subjective markers. PhD Dissertation, Federal University.
Dutra-Thomé, L., & Koller, S. H. (2017). Brazilian version of the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood: Investigating the current transition to adulthood. Trends in Psychology, 25(3), 901–912.
Eskandari, R., Hijazi, E. & Rouhani, N. (2022). The role of emerging adulthood characteristics in the positive development of youth. The Fifth International conference of Educational Psychology: Psycho-educational Interventions.
Faas, C., McFall, J., Peer, J. W., Schmolesky, M. T., Chalk, H. M., Hermann, A., Chopik, W. J., Leighton, D. C., Lazzara, J., Kemp, A., DiLillio, V., & Grahe, J. (2020). Emerging Adulthood MoA/IDEA-8 Scale Characteristics from multiple institutions. Emerging Adulthood, 8(4), 259–269.
Falsafi, N., & Nemat Tavousi, M. (2019). The role of identity dimensions in self-esteem and psychological well-being in emerging adulthood. Journal of Developmental Psychology: Iranian Psychologists, 59 (15), 225-236. [In Persian].
Fathi, M. R. (2016). Investigating the identity status of preservice training teacher’s students and other students based on the theory of emerging adulthood and the role of agency in it. Doctoral Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran. [In Persian].
Fathi, M. R. (2023). Emerging adulthood, a winding road to adulthood. Tehran: Parkaas. [In Persian].
Fathi, M. R., Kiamanesh, A. R., & Jomehri, F. (2018 a). Emerging adulthood and its characteristics in Iranian university students. Iranian Journal of Educational Sociology, 1(7), 82-101. [In Persian].
Fathi, M. R., Kiamanesh, A. R., & Jomehri, F. (2018 b). The role of human agency, gender and age in identity characteristics: Arnett's emerging adulthood. Journal of Developmental Psychology: Iranian Psychologists, 57 (15), 23-44. [In Persian].
Fierro Arias, D., & Moreno Hernández, A. (2007). Emerging adulthood in Mexican and Spanish youth: Theories and realities. Journal of Adolescent Research, 22(5), 476-503.
Gala, J., & Kapadia, S. (2014), Romantic love, commitment and marriage in EA in an Indian context. Views of Emerging Adults and Middle Adults, Psychology and Developing Societies, 26(1) 115–141.
Galanaki, E., & Sideridis, G. (2019). Dimensions of emerging adulthood, criteria for adulthood, and identity development in Greek studying youth: A person-centered approach. Emerging Adulthood 7, 411–431.
Hill, J. M., Lalji, M., van Rossum, G., van der Geest, V. R., & Blokland, A. A. (2015). Experiencing emerging adulthood in the Netherlands. Journal of Youth Studies, 18(8), 1035– 1056.
Jensen, L. A., & Arnett, J.J. (2012). Going global: New pathways for adolescents and emerging adults in a changing world. Journal of Social Issues, 68(3), 473-492.
Kim, S. (2012). Developmental changes of emerging adult couples during transition to parenthood. presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements. Master of Science in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University.
Klementyeva M.V. (2023). The Russian version of Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (the IDEA-R): Developmental features of university students. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University Psychology, 13 (2), 164–182.
Kuang, J., Zhong, J., Yang, P., Bai, X., Liang, Y., Cheval, B., et al (2023). Psychometric evaluation of the Inventory of Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA) in China. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 23(1), 100331.
Lanctot, J., & Poulin, F. (2018). Emerging adulthood features and adjustment: A person-centered approach. Emerging Adulthood, 6(2), 91–103.
Leontopoulou, S., Mavridis, D., & Giotsa, A. (2016). Psychometric properties of the Greek Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood: University student perceptions of developmental features. Journal of Adult Development, 23, 226-244.
Lindström, E. (2015). The Relationship between identity development and religiousness in Swedish emerging adults. MA thesis, Stockholm University.
Lisha, NE., Grana, R., Sun, P., Rohrbach, L., Spruijt-Metz, D., Reifman, A., & Sussman, S. (2014). Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the revised Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA-R) in a sample of continuation high school students. Evaluation & Health Professions, 37(2),156-77.
Macek, P., Bejček, J., & Vaníčková, J. (2007). Contemporary Czech emerging adults: Generation growing up in the period of social changes. Journal of Adolescent Research, 22(5), 444-475.
Marsh, H., Hau, K., & Grayson, D. (2005). Goodness of fit in structural equation models. Psychometrics A Festschrift to Roderick P McDonald.
Mattys, L., Luyckx, K., Noens, I., & Baeyens, D. (2020). Features of Flemish emerging adults and their association with demographic markers. Psychologica Belgica, 60 (1), 37-54.
Naghizadeh, M. A., Lari, N., Hijazi, E., & Salehi, K. (2021). Qualitative investigation of characteristics of developmental period of emerging adulthood in Iranian students: Culture and gender. Journal of Psychology, 25 (1), 3-31. [In Persian].
Narimani, M., Rahimzadegan, S. (2020). Investigating the relationship between identity (emerging adulthood) and Integrative Self-Knowledge and academic help-seeking behavior of female students. Journal of Educational Psychology Studies, 17 (38), 47-66. [In Persian].
Negru, O. (2012). The time of your life: Emerging adulthood characteristics in a sample of Romanian high-school and university students. Cognition, Brain, Behavior. An Interdisciplinary Journal, 16, (3), 357-367.
NG, P., Yang, S. & Chiu, R. (2024). Features of emerging adulthood, perceived stress and life satisfaction in Hong Kong emerging adults. Current Psychology, 43 (23), 1-13.
Nice, M. L., & Joseph, M. (2023). The features of emerging adulthood and individuation: Relations and differences by college-going status, age, and living situation. Emerging Adulthood, 11 (2), 271-287.
Nolan, A. M. (2006). An examination of features of emerging adulthood. MA thesis, Carleton University.
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Ozer, S., Meca, A., & Schwartz, S. J. (2019). Globalization and identity development among emerging adults from Ladakh. Culture Divers Ethnic Minor Psychology, 25 (4), 515-526.
Pérez, J. C., Cumsille, P., & & Martínez, M. L. (2008). Construct validity of the Inventory of Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood in a Chilean sample. Poster presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research on Adolescence. Retrieved 18 May, 2013 from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215602597_Construct_Validity_of_the_Inventory_of_Dimensions_of_Emerging_Adulthood_in_a_Chilean_Sample
Raiu, S-L., Roth, M., & Hărăguş, T-P. (2014). Emerging adulthood in Romania: Comparison between the perceptions twelfth graduates and students about maturity. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 149, 803 – 807.
Reifman, A., Arnett, J. J., & Colwell, M. J. (2007). Emerging adulthood: Theory, assessment and application. Journal of Youth Development, 2(1), 37-48.
Reifman, A., Arnett, J. J., & Colwell, M. J. (2016). The IDEA: Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (extensive analyses to accompany Reifman, Arnett, & Colwell, 2007, Journal of Youth Development.
Revelle, W. (2023). Psych: procedures for psychological, psychometric, and personality research. R package version 2.2.9. Retrieved July 18, 2023 from: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/psych/psych.pdf
Rouhani, N., Hijazi, E., & Eskandari, R. (2022). Examining the effect of personal agency on my identity in emerging adulthood. The fifth international conference of educational psychology: Psychological-educational Interventions.
Salvatore, C. (2018). Emerging adulthood: A time of instability, exploration, and change. In Sex, Crime, Drugs, and Just Plain Stupid Behaviors. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. Retrieved March 21, 2024 from: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72766-0_3
Sánchez-Queija, I., Parra, Á., Camacho, C., & Arnett, J. J. (2018). Spanish version of the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA-S). Emerging Adulthood, 8, 237 - 244.
Sirsch, U., Dreher, E., Mayr, E., & Willinger, U. (2009). What does it take to be an adult in Austria? Views of adulthood in Austrian adolescents, emerging adults, and adults. Journal of Adolescent Research, 24 (3), 275 – 292.
Spišáková, D., & Raczova, B. (2020). Emerging adulthood features: An overview of the research in approaches and perspectives in goals area. Človek a spoločnosť, 23 (1), 1-16.
Tagliabue, S., Crocetti E., & Lanz, M. (2015). Emerging adulthood features and criteria for adulthood: Variable- and person-centered approaches. Journal of Youth Studies, 19(3), 374-388.
Vallerand, R. J. (1989). Towards Transcultural Validation Methodology of Psychological Questionnaires: Implications for French Research. Canadian Psychology, 30, 662-689.
Wider, W., Mustafa, M., & Halik, M. H. (2016). Investigating the measurement of Malay version of inventory of dimensions of emerging adulthood (M-IDEA) among first year university students in Malaysia. International Journal of Current Research, 8 (4), 9878-9884.
Yang, D. Y.-J., Chiu, C.-Y., Chen, X., Cheng, S. Y. Y., Kwan, L. Y.-Y., Tam, K.-P. et al. (2011), Lay psychology of globalization and its social impact. Journal of Social Issues, 67, 677–695.
Yerofeyeva V.G. (2023). Characteristics of emerging adulthood: Adaptation of the questionnaire in Russian culture. Social Psychology and Society, 14 (3), 187–204.
Yerofeyeva, V. G., Wang, P., Yang, Y., Serobyan, A. K., Grigoryan, A. K., & Nartova-Bochaver, S. K. (2024). Shimmering emerging adulthood: In search of the invariant IDEA model for collectivistic countries. Front in Psychology, 8, 15, 1349375.
Zagórska, W., Skoczeń, I., Lipska, A., & Arnett, J.J. (2023). Polish adaptation of the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA-PL). Current Issues in Personality Psychology, 11 (3), 251-257.
Zaluski, S. D. (2012). Emerging Adulthood: a mixed method comparative analysis across vocational setting. PhD Dissertation, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon.
Zumbo, Bruno & Gadermann, Anne & Zeisser, Cornelia. (2007). Ordinal Versions of Coefficients Alpha and Theta for Likert Rating Scales. Journal of modern applied statistical methods: JMASM. 6. 21-29.
Zorotovich, J. R. (2014). Five dimensions of emerging adulthood: A comparison between students, nonstudents, and college graduates. PhD Dissertation, University of Tennessee – Knoxville