The Moderating Role of Coping Styles in the Relationship Between Attachment Styles and Obsession Death among the Elderly

Subject Areas : Clinical psychology

Ali Taghvaeinia ¹

1 - PhD Assistant Professor in Psychology Yasouj University

Received: 2018-10-27 Accepted : 2018-10-27 Published : 2018-06-22

Keywords: attachment styles, Keywords: coping styles, death obsession, elderly people,

Abstract :

The aim of this study was to examine the moderating role of coping styles in the relationship between attachment styles and obsession death in the elderly. Three hundred and twenty six elderly people (185 males, 141 females) were selected from Noorabad Mamasani, Iran by convenient sampling. The participants completed the Adult Attachment Style Questionnaire (Hazan & Shaver, 1987), the Coping Styles Questionnaire (Park, 2007) and the Death Obsession Scale (Abdel-khalek, 1998). The data analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression. The results indicated that secure attachment style and positive coping style related to obsession death significantly and negatively. The insecure attachment styles and negative coping style related to obsession death significantly and c positive The. positivelyoping style predicted lower scores in obsession death. The positive coping style moderated the relationship between attachment styles and obsession death. The findings suggested that increasing level of positive coping style weakened the relationship between insecure attachment styles and obsession death.

References:

آزادی، م. م.، اکبری‌بلوطبنگان، آ.، واعظ‌فر، س. و رحیمی، م. (۱۳۹۳). نقش سبک‌های مقابله‌ای و خودکارآمدی در استرس شغلی پرستاران شاغل در بیمارستان، فصلنامه علمی‌ـ‌پژوهشی انجمن علمی پرستاری ایران، ۲(۲)، 3۲- 2۲.

احدی، ب. و عزیزی‌نژاد، ف. (1387). تبیین اختلال وسواس بر حسب سبک‌های دلبستگی و مکانیزم‌های دفاعی. مجله علوم رفتاری، 2 (4)، 343- 339.

بشارت، م. ع.، جباری، آ. و سعادتی، م. (1395). پیش‌بینی شاخص‌های دلبستگی فرزندان بر اساس شاخص‌های دلبستگی والدین: مطالعه بین‌نسلی. فصلنامه روان‌شناسی تحولی: روان‌شناسان ایرانی، 13(49)، 12- 3.

باقری، خ.، بهرامی، ه. و جلالی، م. ر. (1388). رابطه بین دلبستگی با نوع هویت در زندانیان 30- 15‌ساله. فصلنامه روان‌شناسی کاربردی، 6(3)، 99- 85

بشارت، م. ع. (1384). هنجاریابی مقیاس دلبستگی بزرگسالان. گزارش طرح پژوهشی، دانشگاه تهران.

بشارت، م. ع. (1392). نقش واسطه‌ای راهبردهای تنظیم شناختی در رابطه بین سبک‌های دلبستگی و ناگویی هیجانی. فصلنامه روان‌شناسی تحولی: روان‌شناسان ایرانی، 13، (49)،12- 3.

خدابخشی کولایی، آ. و هاشمی‌اصل، ز. (1395).رابطه سبک‌های دلبستگی با ترس از صمیمیت در زنان سالمند مطلقه. مجله پیشگیری و سلامت، 2(1)،32- 25.

سلمانپور، ح.، عباسی، م.، عیسی‌زادگان، ع. و قاسم‌زاده‌علیشاهی، آ. (1391). رابطه سوگیری مذهبی و صفات شخصیتی با وسواس مرگ. پژوهش‌های نوین روان‌شناختی، 7(26)، 93- 71.

گل‌پرور، م.، حسن‌پور، ف. و مهداد، ع. ( 1394). سبک‌های مقابله‌ای تعدیل‌کننده رابطه استرس با رفتارهای انحرافی. فصلنامه پژوهش‌های کاربردی روان‌شناختی، 6 (2)، 139- 119.

لطف‌آبادی، ح. (1387). روان‌شناسی رشد2: نوجوانی ، جوانی و بزرگسالی. تهران: انتشارات سمت.

محمدزاده، ع. (1394). بررسی رابطه بین وسواس مرگ با روش‌های مقابله مذهبی، عمل به باورهای دینی و سبک‌های دلبستگی به خدا. مجله روان‌شناسی بالینی، 16(3)، 243- 236.

محمدزاده، ع. و عاشوری، آ. (1396).بررسی برخی همبسته‌های مذهبی افسردگی مرگ در بین دانشجویان. مجله روان‌شناسی بالینی، 23(1)،76- 67.

محمدزاده، ع. و نجفی، م. (1389). پیش‌بینی وسواس مرگ بر اساس سوگیری‌های مذهبی. مجله روان‌شناسی بالینی، 17(3)،33- 24.

Abdel-Khalek, A. M., & Al-Sabwah, M. N. (2005). Sat­isfaction with life and death distress. Psychology Report, 97(3), 790-802.

Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (2005). Happiness and death dis­tress: two separate Factors. Death Studies, 29(10), 949 -58.

Abdel-Khalek, A. M., & Lester, D. (2006). Correlations of attitudes toward physician-assisted suicide, death depression, death obsession, and trait anxi­ety. Psychology Report, 98(3), 734 -743.

Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (1998). The structure and meas­urement of death depression. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 46, 834 -839.

Abdel-Khalek, A., & Maltby, J. (2008). The compari­son of predictors of death obsession within two cultures. Death Studies, 32, 366 -377.

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Fifth edition, Washington, DC: APA.

Besser, A., & Priel, B. (2010). The apple does not fall far from the tree: attachment styles and personal­ity vulnerabilities to depression in three genera­tions of women. Personality and Social Psychol­ogy Bulletin, 31(8), 1052- 1073.

Billingues, K., Moose, O., Folkman, P., & et al. (2003) The Coping Response (Based on excitement And Sessional). Abnormal Journal Psychiatry, 9, 150-647.

Camara, M., & Calvete, E. (2012). Cognitive schemas predicting anxiety and depressive symptoms: The role of dysfunctional coping strategies. Journal of European Congress of Psychiatry, 32, 80 -95.

Cassidy, J., & Shaver, P. R. (2008). Handbook of at­tachment: Theory, research, and clinical applica­tions (2nd ed). New York: Guilford Press.

Cassidy, J., & Shaver, P. R. (1999). Handbook of at­tachment: Theory, research and clinical applica­tion. Guilford Press.

Chopik, W. J., Edelstein, R. S., & Fraley, R. C. (2013 From the cradle to the grave: Age differences in attachment from early adulthood to old age. Jour­nal of Personality, 81 (2), 171 -183.

Chopik, W. J., Edelstein, R. S., & Fraley, R. C. (2013). From the cradle to the grave: Age differences in attachment from early adulthood to old age. Jour­nal of Personality, 81 (2), 171 -183.

Coan, S. (2004). The impact of residential experience on the Division of ousehold labor, conflict pat­terns, differentiation, and marital satisfaction. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation.

Cooper, M. L., Shaver, P. R., & Collins, N. L. (1998). Attachment styles, emotion regulation, and adjust­ment in adolescence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5), 1380 -1397.

Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. New York, Springer

Fraey, B.V. (2002). Death anxiety in older adults: A quantitative review. Death Stud, 23, 387 -411.

Fredrickson, B. L. (2007). What good are positive emo­tions? Review of General Psychology, 3, 300-319.

Goldberg, S. (1997). Attachment and childhood behav­iour problems in normal, at risk and clinical sam­ples. In, L. Atkinson & K. J. Zucker (Eds), Attach­ment and Psychopathology, (pp. 171 -195). New York: Guilford Press.

Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1987). Romantic love con­ceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511 -524.

Hooper, L., Tomek, S., & Newman, C. (2011). Using attachment theory in medical settings: Implica­tions for primary care physicians. Journal of Men­tal Health, 21(1), 23 -37.

Iverach, L., Menzies, R. G., & Menzies, R. E. (2014). Death anxiety and its role in psychopathology: Reviewing the status of a transdiagnostic con­struct. Clinical Psychology Review, 34, 580-593.

Jaser, S. S., Linsky, R., & Grey, M. (2014). Coping and psychological distress in mothers of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 18(1), 101 -108.

Klostermann, M., Steinkamp, G., Tropberger, F., & Werner, B. (1998). Geronto psychiatrische ver­sorgung durch ambulante Pflegedienste-Ergebnise einer empirischen analysis. Gerontol Geriatr, 31, 426 -437.

Kobak, R., Zajac, K., & Smith, C. (2009). Adolescent attachment and trajectories of hostile-impulsive behavior: implications for the development of per­sonality disorders. Development and Psycho­pathology, 21, 839 -851.

Lazarus, R. S., & Lazarus, B. N. (2006). Coping with aging. Oxford University Press.

Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. New York: Springer.

Mairet, K., Boag, S., & Warburton, W. (2014). How Important is Temperament? The Relationship Be­tween Coping Styles, Early Maladaptive Schemas and Social Anxiety. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 14 (2), 171 -190

Maltby, J., & Day, L. (2000a). Religious orientation and death obsession. Journal of Genetic Psychol­ogy, 16, 122 -124.

Maltby, J., & Day, L. (2000 b). The reliability and va­lidity of the death obsession scale among English university and adult samples. Personality and In­dividual Differences, 28, 695 -700.

Mashegoane, S., & Moripe, S. (2013). Structure of the Death Obsession Scale among South African uni­versity students. Paper presented at the 7th Annual International Conference on Psychology, Athens, Greece.

Mikulincer, M., & Florian, V. (1995). Stress, coping, and fear of personal death: The case of middle-aged men facing early job retirement. Death Stud­ies, 19(5), 413 -421.

Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2003). The attachment behavioral system in adulthood: Activation, psy­chodynamics, and interpersonal processes. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 35, pp. 53 -152). San Diego, CA: Academic Press

Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2007). Boosting at­tachment security to promote mental health, pro­social values, and inter-group tolerance. Psycho­logical Inquiry, 18, 139 -156.

Mikulincer, M., Florian, V., & Tolmacz, R. (1990). Attachment styles and fear of personal death: A case study of affect regulation. Journal of Person­ality and Social Psychology, 58, 273‌ -‌280.

Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., Gillath, O., & Nitzberg, R. E. (2005). Attachment, caregiving, and altru­ism: Boosting attachment security increases com­passion and helping. Journal of Person- ality and Social Psychology, 89, 817 -839

Miniati, M., Callari, A., & Pini, S. (2017). Adult attach­ment style and suicidality. Psychiatria Danubina, 29 (3), 250 -259

Moretti, M., & Obsuth, I. (2009). Effectiveness of an attachment-focused manualized intervention for parents of teens at risk for aggressive behavior: The Connect Program. Journal of Adolescence, 32(6), 1347 -1357.

Nolen-Hocksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effections the duration of depressive epesodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 564 -574.

Park, J. (2007). Work stress and job performance. Sta­tistics Canada Catalogue, 75 -001-XLE.

Pinkasavage, E., Arigo, D., & Sohumacher, L. M. (2014). Social Comparison, Negative Body Image, and Disordered Eating Behavior :The Moderating Role of Coping Style. Eating Behav­iors, 1(14), 471 -475.

Ron, P. (2016). The relationship between attachment styles in adulthood and attitudes towards filial responsibility: A comparison between three gen­erations of Arabs and Jewish women. Psychology, 7, 741-752.

Roy, A. (2008). Investing problem solving wishful thinking coping anxiety and depression prediction of course work stress. Journal of Clinical Psychol­ogy, 41(1), 702 -725.

Shakil, Z., & Yousaf, T. (2016). Gender differences in death obsession. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 185 (5), 146 -150.

Shakil, Z., & Yousaf, T. (2015). Death obsession and rumination in the context of political instability in Muslim young adults. 2nd Global Conference on Psychology Research,Karachi Pakistan. Availa­ble online at www.sciencedirect.com.

Simpson, J.) 1990).Influence of attachment styles on romantic relationship. Journal of personality and Social Psychology,110, 30 -35.

Szymanski, D. M. (2012). Racist events and individual coping styles as predictors of African American activism. Journal of Black Psychology, 38(3), 342-367.

Thabet, A, M., & Abdalla, T. (2018). Death anxiety and obsessional death a mong university Palestinian students. Clinical and Experiment Psychology, 41(17), 171 -178.

Tomas-Sabado, J., & Limonero, J. T. (2007). Death depression and death obsession: Are they differ­ent constructs? Psychological Reports, 100, 755-758.

Whitbourne, S. K. (2005). Adult development aging: Biopsychosocial perspectives (2th ed). New York: Basic.

Zeidner, M., & Endler, N. (1996). Handbook of Cop­ing: Theory, Research. Applications. New York: Wiley.

Zhao, D. M., & Yamaguchi, H. (2008). Relationship of challenge and hindrance stress with coping style and job satisfaction in Chinese state hindrance-owned enterprises. Japanese of Interpersonal and Social Psychology, 8, 77 -88.