Identifying and Determining the Importance of Components and Elements of Music Education Curriculum in Music Textbooks of High School and Conservatories
Subject Areas : Educational PsychologyHabibollah Seyrafi 1 , Jafar Ghahramani 2 , Davood Tahmasbzadeh Sheikhlar 3
1 - 2- Ph. D. Student in Curriculum Planning, Department of Educational Sciences, Marand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marand, Iran
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Marand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marand, Iran
3 - Associate Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Keywords: Textbooks, Curriculum, high school, Music education, Music conservatory,
Abstract :
The aim of this study was to identify and determine the importance of components of music education in high school textbooks and music conservatories. This study is influenced by the interpretive philosophical basis and has a qualitative approach to the analysis of customary content. In the first part, the studied unit is all the art textbooks of the first and second years of high school and music conservatories, which were sampled purposefully and valid and relevant books and sources were selected. The unit of analysis in this section was thematic analysis and open, axial and selective coding methods were used to collect, extract and infer data. In the second part, Shannon Entropy was used to determine the importance of the components of music education and their importance in textbooks. From the analysis of the findings in the first part during the selective coding, four categories of cognitive, skill, creativity and emotional (emotional) were extracted. These four categories include 90 components during axial coding (Cognitive Components 26, Skill Components 23, Creativity Components 22 and Emotional Components 29) and open coding 216 themes. According to the obtained results, among the four categories, Cognitive category has the first priority, Skill category has the second priority, Creativity category has the third priority and Emotional category has the fourth priority. The components of interpretive thinking, key training and increasing the understanding of concepts, content with an aesthetic basis, the flourishing of the soul combined with aesthetics and frequent and regular exercises also had the highest priorities, among the components.
تقی‌پور پورظهیر، علی (1۳98). مقدمه‌ای بر برنامه‌ریزی آموزشی و درسی. تهران: انتشارات آگه.
حسین‌زاده، محمدعلی (1۳۸4). موسیقی از دیدگاه اسلام. انتشارات زعیم.
خلف بیگی، میترا، فهیمی، ملاحت اکبر، عشایری، حسن و دوستدار، هاتف (1۳۹۲). بررسی تأثیر فعالیت‌های موسیقیایی بر عملکرد اجرایی بیماران مبتلا به اسکیزوفرنیا، مجله عملی پژوهشی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ارتش جمهوری اسلامی ایران، 11 (2)، 1۲۰- 1۲۹.
خندقی، مقصودامین و پاک‌مهر، حمیده (1۳۹۲). حاکمیت سنت دیسیپلین محوری بر جهت‌گیری‌های برنامه‌درسی تربیت هنری معلمان هنر دوره راهنمایی تحصیلی. چالش‌ها و آسیب‌ها. رویکردهای نوین آموزشی دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی دانشگاه اصفهان، 8 (1)، ۲1- ۴۶.
سازمان پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی آموزشی (1۳96). راهنمای برنامه درسی هنر دوره آموزش عمومی (ابتدایی و متوسطه تحصیلی)، تهران: دفتر برنامه‌ریزی و تألیف کتب درسی.
سالم، سودابه و محمدپور، آیت‌الله (1۳۸۵). آموزش موسیقی در مدارس دوره ابتدایی، تهران: انتشارات منادی تربیت.
شرفی، حسن (1۳۸۹). طراحی و تدوین برنامه درسی هنر براساس رویکرد تلفیق هنر و علوم با تأکید بر مفهوم تولید هنر در پایههای چهارم و پنجم ابتدایی. فصلنامه تعلیم و تربیت، 27(2)،105-130.
شکوهی، غلامحسین (1۳97). تعلیم و تربیت و مراحل آن. تهران: انتشارات آستان قدس رضوی، به‌نشر.
طایفه مرسل، اعظم السادات (1۳۹1). تأثیر موسیقی درمانی بر رشد سازگاری اجتماعی و رشد معنوی در زنان ۲۰ تا ۵۰ ساله تهران. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی عمومی. تهران: دانشگاه پیام نور.
عشایری، حسن (1۳92). خلاصه مقالات سمینار موسیقی درمانی. دانشگاه هنر.
فخاری‌زاده، سعید (1۳۸۵). تأثیر آموزش موسیقی بر پیشرفت تحصیلی دانش‌آموزان پسر پایه پنجم ابتدایی شهرستان نجف آباد. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه تربیت معلم تهران.
فرخ‌مهر، حسین (1۳۹۲). پرورش خلاقیت کودکان در خانه و مدرسه، اصفهان: انتشارات اعلی.
قاسم تبار، سیدنبی‌الله، مفیدی، فرخنده و زاده‌محمدی، علی (1۳۹۰). مجله روانشناسی تحولی روانشناسان ایرانی، 7(27)، ۲۴۵- ۲۵۴.
قورچیانی، صرفی (1۳۹۰). آموزش هنر در دوره آموزش راهنمایی، مجله رشد آموزش هنر، 4(28)،
۵۶-۵۹.
کریمی، لیلا سادات، زارع، حسن و هادیان فرد، حبیب (1۳۹۰). تأثیر موسیقی درمانی بر توجه انتخابی کودکان دارای اختلال نارسایی توجه بیش فعالی، فصلنامه کودکان استثنایی، 11(1)،۳۳- ۴۴.
گل‌صباحی، طیبه (1۳۷۹). بررسی نظام آموزشی از دوره پیش از دبستان تا پایان دوره متوسطه. دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران- دانشکده هنر و معماری ت (1۳). ص شماره کتابشناسی ملی: ۴1۵۹1۸.
مدرسی، فرید (1۳۹۰). اصلاح‌گرایی بر بستر سنت، بازخوانی گفتمان سیدموسی صدر. ماهنامه خبری، تحلیلی مهرنامه، 2(11)،11-31.
ملکی، حسن (1395). برنامه‌ریزی درسی (راهنمای عمل). انتشارات پیام اندیشه.
مهرمحمدی، محمود (1۳98). آموزش عمومی هنر(چیستی، چرایی و چگونگی)، تهران: انتشارات منادی تربیت.
میرزاخانی، حسین (1۳۶۹). نگرشی نو در مبانی فقهی موسیقی (سازی و آوازی). قم: نشر چاپخانه علمیه.
نواب صفوی، مینا (1۳۸7). گزارش ارزشیابی درس هنر پایه سوم ابتدایی. اجرای آزمایشی مرحله اول، سازمان پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی آموزشی، دفتر برنامه‌ریزی و تالیف کتب درسی.
Albornoz, Y. (2011). The effects of group improvisational music therapy on depression in adolescents & adults with substance abuse: A randomized controlled trail. Nordic Journal of Music therapy, 20(3), 208- 224
Ashayeri, H. (2013). Abstracts of music therapy seminar. Art university [In Persion].
Colwell, M., Cynthia & Edwards, R., Hernandez, E., & Brees. K. (2013). Impact of music therapy Interventions (Listening, composition, Orff-Based) on the physiological and Psychosocial Behaviors of Hospitalized children. A Feasibility Study. Journal of Pediatric Nursing.3(28):249-257.
Educational Research and Planning Organization. (2017). Art Curriculum Guide for General Education (Elementary and Secondary Education), Tehran: Curriculum Planning and Writing Office [In Persion].
Eisner, Elliot. (2002). The Lessons the Arts Teach, Available at Learning and Arts: Crossing Boundaries/Proceedings from an Invitational Meeting for Education, Arts and Youth Funders Held January, Los Angeles.
Eisner, Elliot. W. (2005). Reimagining schools. the selected works of Elliot w. Eisner. Published in the USA and Canada by Routledge.
Elliott, D. J. (2009). Curriculum as professional Action. In T.A. Regelski. & J. Terry Gates (Eds.), Music education for changing times: Guiding Visions for Practice. New York: Springer. PP. 163-174.
Fakharizadeh, S. (2006). The effect of music education on the academic achievement of fifth grade male students in Najafabad. Master Thesis, Teacher Training University of Tehran [In Persion].
Farrokhmehr, H. (2013). Fostering children's creativity at home and school, Isfahan: Aali Publications [In Persion].
Ghorchiani, S. (2011). Art education in middle school, Journal of Art Education Development, 4(28): 56-59 [In Persion].
Gol Sabahi, T. (2000). Investigating the educational system from pre-school to the end of high school. Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch - Faculty of Art and Architecture T (13). P. National Bibliography Number: 415918 [In Persion].
Hosseinzadeh, M. A. (2005). Music from the perspective of Islam. Zaim Publications [In Persion].
Huey, Aw. Y., & Hussein. Maimon. B. (2012). Stregthening arts education: a case study in Kinya district Perak. Proceedings management, agroindustry and tourism industry-84th international conference of humanities and social sciences. Aprill 21th, Faculty of liberal arts, prince of Songkla University.
Karimi, L.S., Zare, H., & Hadian Fard, H. (2011). The Effect of Music Therapy on Selective Attention in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Exceptional Children Quarterly, 11(1): 33-44 [In Persion].
Khalaf Beigi, M., Fahimi, M. A., Ashayeri, H., & Dousdar, H. (2013). The effect of musical activities on the executive performance of patients with schizophrenia, Practical Research Journal of the University of Medical Sciences of the Islamic Republic of Iran,11(2): 120-129 [In Persion].
Khandaghi, M. A., & Pakmehr, H. (2013). The rule of tradition is central to the orientations of the art education curriculum for middle school art teachers. Challenges and harms. New educational approaches of the Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Isfahan, 8(1): 21-46 [In Persion].
Lin, J.-D, Lin, P.-Y & Wu. C.-L (2010). Wellbeing perception of institutional caregivers working for people with disabilities: Use of subjective Happiness scale and satisfaction with life scale analyses, Research in Developmental Disabilities, 31(5), 1083-1090.
Maleki, H. (2016). Curriculum planning (practice guide). Andisheh Message Publications [In Persion].
Mehr Mohammadi, M. (2019). General Art Education (What, Why and How), Tehran: Manadi Tarbiat Publications [In Persion].
Mirzakhani, H. (2017). A new approach in the jurisprudential principles of music (instrumental and vocal). Qom: Theological printing house [In Persion].
Modarressi, F. (2011). Reformism in the context of tradition, re-reading the discourse of Seyyed Mousa Sadr. News Monthly, Mehrnameh Analysis, 2(11):11-31 [In Persion].
Mossler, K., Assmus, J. Heldal, T. O., Fuchs, K., & Gold, C. (2012). Music therapy techniques as predictors of change in mental health care. Arts in psychotherapy, 39(4): 333-341.
Mursal clan, A.S. (2012). The effect of music therapy on the growth of social adjustment and spiritual growth in women aged 20 to 50 years in Tehran. Master Thesis in General Psychology. Tehran: Payame Noor University [In Persion].
Nawab Safavid, M. (2008). Evaluation report of the third grade elementary art course. Pilot implementation of the first phase, Educational Research and Planning Organization, Office of Planning and Textbook Writing [In Persion].
Qasim Tabar, S.N., Mofidi, F.and Zadeh Mohammadi, A. (2011). Journal of Transformational Psychology of Iranian Psychologists, 7(27): 245-254 [In Persion].
Reimer, B., (2008). Research in Music Education Personal and Professional Reflections in a Time of Perplexity. Journal of Reserch in Music Education, 3(56):190-203.
Robinso, K. (2000). Arts Education's Place in a Knowledge-Based Global Economy. Available at Learning and Arts: Crossing Boundaries/Proceedines from an Invitational Meeting for Education, Arts and Youth Funders Held January, Los Angeles.
Salem, S. & Mohammadpour, A. (2006). Teaching music in primary schools, Tehran: Manadi Tarbiat Publications [In Persion].
Schiro, M.S. (2012). Curriculum Theory: conflicting visions and enduring concerns. SAGE Publication, Inc, Second Edition.
Sharafi, H. (2010). Designing and compiling an art curriculum based on the approach of combining art and science with emphasis on the concept of art production in the fourth and fifth grades of elementary school. Education Quarterly, 27(2): 105-130 [In Persion].
Sharp, C., & Le Metais, J. (2000). The Arts, Creativity and Cultural Education: An International reviw of curriculum and assessment franeworks project. London: Qualifications and Curriculum Authority.
Shokohi, G.H. (2018). Education and its stages. Tehran: Astan Quds Razavi Publications, Publisher [In Persion].
Siaulytiene, D. (2002). Active Methods in Art Education in Lithuania. Published Springer Netherlands, Journal e-ISSN:1573-9090, Prospects; Paris 4(32):553-564.
Smetana, M. (2012). Die Wiederkehr des Ahnliehen Zur Bedeutung musikalischer Objekte in der Musiktherapie be Jugendlichen with strukturellen Storungen. The recurence of the similar. On the meaning of musical objects in music therapy with structural disordered adolescents. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of music and performing Arts, Vienna.
Smite, Ralph, A. (2008). Educational Aesthetics and Policy.The Journal of policy arts education review, 6(109):3-12.
Taggart, G., Whitby, K. & Sharp. C. (2004). International Review of Curriculum and Assessment Frameworks. National Foundation for Educational Research (NFER).
Taghipour Pourzahir, A. (2019). Introduction to educational and curriculum planning. Tehran: Agah Publications [In Persion].
Toku, M. (2012). The Role of Art education as an Independent & Interrelated subject, Facing the crisis of Art education in Japan, California state university, Chico.
Wachowaik, F. D., & Clements, R. D. (2010). Emphasis Art: A qualitative art program for elementary and middle schools. 9 th Edition, University of Georgia.
Wang, J.L., Wang, H., Zhang, D. (2011). Impact of group music therapy on the depression mood of college students, 3(3):151-155.
Warnick. B. (2009). Dilemmas f Autonomey and Happiness: Harry Brighouse on subjective wellbeing and Education, Theory and Research in Education; 17(89): 89-111.
Weinberger, N. M. (2014). Neuromusic research: Some benefits of incorporating basic research on the neurobiology of auditory learning and memory. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 7(128): 1-2.
Weinberger, Normaan, M. (2002). The musinour minds. Educational leadership.
_||_Albornoz, Y. (2011). The effects of group improvisational music therapy on depression in adolescents & adults with substance abuse: A randomized controlled trail. Nordic Journal of Music therapy, 20(3), 208- 224
Ashayeri, H. (2013). Abstracts of music therapy seminar. Art university [In Persion].
Colwell, M., Cynthia & Edwards, R., Hernandez, E., & Brees. K. (2013). Impact of music therapy Interventions (Listening, composition, Orff-Based) on the physiological and Psychosocial Behaviors of Hospitalized children. A Feasibility Study. Journal of Pediatric Nursing.3(28):249-257.
Educational Research and Planning Organization. (2017). Art Curriculum Guide for General Education (Elementary and Secondary Education), Tehran: Curriculum Planning and Writing Office [In Persion].
Eisner, Elliot. (2002). The Lessons the Arts Teach, Available at Learning and Arts: Crossing Boundaries/Proceedings from an Invitational Meeting for Education, Arts and Youth Funders Held January, Los Angeles.
Eisner, Elliot. W. (2005). Reimagining schools. the selected works of Elliot w. Eisner. Published in the USA and Canada by Routledge.
Elliott, D. J. (2009). Curriculum as professional Action. In T.A. Regelski. & J. Terry Gates (Eds.), Music education for changing times: Guiding Visions for Practice. New York: Springer. PP. 163-174.
Fakharizadeh, S. (2006). The effect of music education on the academic achievement of fifth grade male students in Najafabad. Master Thesis, Teacher Training University of Tehran [In Persion].
Farrokhmehr, H. (2013). Fostering children's creativity at home and school, Isfahan: Aali Publications [In Persion].
Ghorchiani, S. (2011). Art education in middle school, Journal of Art Education Development, 4(28): 56-59 [In Persion].
Gol Sabahi, T. (2000). Investigating the educational system from pre-school to the end of high school. Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch - Faculty of Art and Architecture T (13). P. National Bibliography Number: 415918 [In Persion].
Hosseinzadeh, M. A. (2005). Music from the perspective of Islam. Zaim Publications [In Persion].
Huey, Aw. Y., & Hussein. Maimon. B. (2012). Stregthening arts education: a case study in Kinya district Perak. Proceedings management, agroindustry and tourism industry-84th international conference of humanities and social sciences. Aprill 21th, Faculty of liberal arts, prince of Songkla University.
Karimi, L.S., Zare, H., & Hadian Fard, H. (2011). The Effect of Music Therapy on Selective Attention in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Exceptional Children Quarterly, 11(1): 33-44 [In Persion].
Khalaf Beigi, M., Fahimi, M. A., Ashayeri, H., & Dousdar, H. (2013). The effect of musical activities on the executive performance of patients with schizophrenia, Practical Research Journal of the University of Medical Sciences of the Islamic Republic of Iran,11(2): 120-129 [In Persion].
Khandaghi, M. A., & Pakmehr, H. (2013). The rule of tradition is central to the orientations of the art education curriculum for middle school art teachers. Challenges and harms. New educational approaches of the Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Isfahan, 8(1): 21-46 [In Persion].
Lin, J.-D, Lin, P.-Y & Wu. C.-L (2010). Wellbeing perception of institutional caregivers working for people with disabilities: Use of subjective Happiness scale and satisfaction with life scale analyses, Research in Developmental Disabilities, 31(5), 1083-1090.
Maleki, H. (2016). Curriculum planning (practice guide). Andisheh Message Publications [In Persion].
Mehr Mohammadi, M. (2019). General Art Education (What, Why and How), Tehran: Manadi Tarbiat Publications [In Persion].
Mirzakhani, H. (2017). A new approach in the jurisprudential principles of music (instrumental and vocal). Qom: Theological printing house [In Persion].
Modarressi, F. (2011). Reformism in the context of tradition, re-reading the discourse of Seyyed Mousa Sadr. News Monthly, Mehrnameh Analysis, 2(11):11-31 [In Persion].
Mossler, K., Assmus, J. Heldal, T. O., Fuchs, K., & Gold, C. (2012). Music therapy techniques as predictors of change in mental health care. Arts in psychotherapy, 39(4): 333-341.
Mursal clan, A.S. (2012). The effect of music therapy on the growth of social adjustment and spiritual growth in women aged 20 to 50 years in Tehran. Master Thesis in General Psychology. Tehran: Payame Noor University [In Persion].
Nawab Safavid, M. (2008). Evaluation report of the third grade elementary art course. Pilot implementation of the first phase, Educational Research and Planning Organization, Office of Planning and Textbook Writing [In Persion].
Qasim Tabar, S.N., Mofidi, F.and Zadeh Mohammadi, A. (2011). Journal of Transformational Psychology of Iranian Psychologists, 7(27): 245-254 [In Persion].
Reimer, B., (2008). Research in Music Education Personal and Professional Reflections in a Time of Perplexity. Journal of Reserch in Music Education, 3(56):190-203.
Robinso, K. (2000). Arts Education's Place in a Knowledge-Based Global Economy. Available at Learning and Arts: Crossing Boundaries/Proceedines from an Invitational Meeting for Education, Arts and Youth Funders Held January, Los Angeles.
Salem, S. & Mohammadpour, A. (2006). Teaching music in primary schools, Tehran: Manadi Tarbiat Publications [In Persion].
Schiro, M.S. (2012). Curriculum Theory: conflicting visions and enduring concerns. SAGE Publication, Inc, Second Edition.
Sharafi, H. (2010). Designing and compiling an art curriculum based on the approach of combining art and science with emphasis on the concept of art production in the fourth and fifth grades of elementary school. Education Quarterly, 27(2): 105-130 [In Persion].
Sharp, C., & Le Metais, J. (2000). The Arts, Creativity and Cultural Education: An International reviw of curriculum and assessment franeworks project. London: Qualifications and Curriculum Authority.
Shokohi, G.H. (2018). Education and its stages. Tehran: Astan Quds Razavi Publications, Publisher [In Persion].
Siaulytiene, D. (2002). Active Methods in Art Education in Lithuania. Published Springer Netherlands, Journal e-ISSN:1573-9090, Prospects; Paris 4(32):553-564.
Smetana, M. (2012). Die Wiederkehr des Ahnliehen Zur Bedeutung musikalischer Objekte in der Musiktherapie be Jugendlichen with strukturellen Storungen. The recurence of the similar. On the meaning of musical objects in music therapy with structural disordered adolescents. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of music and performing Arts, Vienna.
Smite, Ralph, A. (2008). Educational Aesthetics and Policy.The Journal of policy arts education review, 6(109):3-12.
Taggart, G., Whitby, K. & Sharp. C. (2004). International Review of Curriculum and Assessment Frameworks. National Foundation for Educational Research (NFER).
Taghipour Pourzahir, A. (2019). Introduction to educational and curriculum planning. Tehran: Agah Publications [In Persion].
Toku, M. (2012). The Role of Art education as an Independent & Interrelated subject, Facing the crisis of Art education in Japan, California state university, Chico.
Wachowaik, F. D., & Clements, R. D. (2010). Emphasis Art: A qualitative art program for elementary and middle schools. 9 th Edition, University of Georgia.
Wang, J.L., Wang, H., Zhang, D. (2011). Impact of group music therapy on the depression mood of college students, 3(3):151-155.
Warnick. B. (2009). Dilemmas f Autonomey and Happiness: Harry Brighouse on subjective wellbeing and Education, Theory and Research in Education; 17(89): 89-111.
Weinberger, N. M. (2014). Neuromusic research: Some benefits of incorporating basic research on the neurobiology of auditory learning and memory. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 7(128): 1-2.
Weinberger, Normaan, M. (2002). The musinour minds. Educational leadership.