Determining the Effectiveness of Lyubomirsky's Happiness Training Program on Happiness, Hope, General Health and Life Satisfaction among Female High School Students Studying Child Development and Psychology

Subject Areas : Educational Psychology

Golamreza Nikrahan ¹ , Tahereh Ghasemi ²

1 - Tehran
2 - Broujen

Received: 2018-08-21 Accepted : 2019-08-01 Published : 2019-08-23

Keywords: happiness, life satisfaction, General Health, hope,

Abstract :

The present study is going to evaluate effectiveness of Lyubomirsky's Happiness Training Program on Happiness, Hope, General Health and Life Satisfaction among Female High School Students Studying Child Development and Psychology in Shahreza. A sample of 30 female high school students studying Child Development and Psychology in different high schools of Shahreza, were selected by multi-stage random cluster sampling. The treatment group received six weeks of Lyubomirsky's Happiness Training Program and pretest, posttest and follow up study have been done. Data were collected using Snyder's hope scale questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, and Life Satisfaction Questionnaire by Diener et al. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (multivariate covariance analysis). The results of the study revealed that Lyubomirsky's Happiness Training Program had a significant effect on happiness, hope, general health and life satisfaction of students in the post-test and follow up stages. Therefore, it can be concluded that happiness training program increases hope, happiness, general health and life satisfaction in students. Hence, it is suggested to schools to pay attention to this type of happiness training as an educational priority

References:

آقایی، مریم؛ نیکراهان؛ غلامرضا (1394). اثربخشی شادی لیبومریسکی بر رضایت زناشویی و شادمانی زنان شهر اصفهان. همایش بین المللی روان شناسی و فرهنگ زندگی.

بیانی، علی اصغر، گودرزی حسین و محمد کوچکی عاشور (1386). اعتبار و روایی سازی مقیاس رضایت از زندگی. روانشناسی تحولی. 3 (11).

دلاور، علی (1386). روش تحقیق در روان­شناسی و علوم تربیتی. تهران: ویرایش.4.

شیرین­زاده؛ صمد و میرجعفری، سیداحمد (1385). بررسی رابطه بین امیدواری با راهبردهای مقابله با استرس در بین دانشجویان دانشگاه شیراز، سومین سمینار بهداشت روانی دانشجویان، 110-112.

علی­پور، احمد؛ نوربالا، احمدعلی (1378). بررسی مقدماتی پایایی و روایی پرسشنامه شادکامی آکسفورد در دانشجویان دانشگاه­های تهران، فصلنامه اندیشه و رفتار، 5، 1 و 2، 550-630.

عناصری، مهریار. (1386). رابطه بین سلامت روان و شادکامی دانشجویان و دختر و پسر. اندیشه و رفتار، 6، 2، 75-84.

قنبریان، مینا؛ پرموز، مهناز؛ رجب زاده، زینب (1395). رابطه بین شادکامی و امید به زندگی در دانشجویان دانشکده علوم پزشکی. ویِژه نامه سومین کنفرانس بین المللی روان شناسی و علوم تربیتی. 553-556.

مسعودزاده، عباس؛ خلیلان، علیرضا؛ اشرفی، مهسا؛ کیمیابیگی، کامران (1383). بررسی وضعیت سلامت روانی دانش­آموزان دبیرستان­های شهر سازی در سال 82-1381. مجله علمی پژوهشی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، 14، 45، 74-83.

Aghaei, M., & Nikraan Gh. (2016). The Effectiveness of Libomirsky's Happiness on Marital Satisfaction and Women's Happiness in Isfahan. International Conference on Psychology and the Culture of Life, [In Persian].

Alberto, J., & Joyner, B. (2010). Hope, optimism, and self-care among Better Breathers Support Group members with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Applied Nursing Research, 21(4), 212-217.

AliPour, A., & Noorbala, AA. (1999). Preliminary Study of Reliability and Validity of Oxford Happiness Questionnaire in Tehran University Students, Andisheh and Behavior Quarterly, 5, 1 and 2, 550-630 [In Persian].

Anasori, M. (2007). The Relationship Between Mental Health and Happiness of Students and Girl and Son. Thought and Behavior, 6, 2, 75-84 [In Persian].

Argyle, M., Martin, M., & Lu, L. (1995). Testing for stress and happiness: The role of social and cognitive factors. In C. D. Spielberger, & I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Stress and emotion. Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis, pp: 173–187.

Balow, J. P. (2002). The measurment of optimism and hope in relation tocollege student retention and academic Success.PhD dissertation. IowaState University.

Bayani, A., Goodarzi, H., & Kuchiki Ashkour M. (2007). Validity and validity of the scale of life satisfaction. Developmental Psychology11(3) [In Persian].

Belack, J., & Reynols, W, M. (2013). Examining the relationship of perfectionism, depression, and optimism: Testing for mediation and moderation, personality and individual differences. Personality and Individual Differences, 54 (3), 426-431.

Biglar, M., Hayati, Y., Rahmani, H., Rajabnezhad, Z., & Dargahi, H. (2014). Study of General Health Among Tehran University of Medical Sciences Hospital’s Administrators. Journal of PayavardSalamat, 8(1), 13-24.

Boyraz, G., & Lightsey O. Jr. (2012). Can positive thinking help? Positive automatic thoughts as moderators of the stress-meaning relationship. Tennessee State University USA.Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.Gov/pubmed

Delavar, A. (2007). Research methodology in psychology and education. Tehran: Edit .4 [In Persian].

Diener, E., & et al. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale, Journal of Personality Assessment, v. 49, p. 71–75.

Ed, D., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276-302.

Ghanbari, M., Permanous, M., & Rajab Zadeh, Z. (2017). The Relationship Between Happiness and Life Expectancy in Students at the Faculty of Medical Sciences. Special Issue of the 3rd International Conference on Psychology and Educational Sciences.553-556 [In Persian].

Goldberg, D. P., & Hillier, V. F. (1979). A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychological medicine, 9(1), 139-145.‏

Gómez, D. (2009). Psychological well-being and health. Contributions of positive psychology. Annuary of Clinical and Health Psychology, 5, 15-27 .

Hatami, G., Motamed, N., & Ashrafzadeh, M. (2010). Confirmatory factor analysis of Persian adaptation of multidimensional students’ life satisfaction scale (MSLSS). Social Indicators Research, 98(2), 265-271.

Hoseyni, S. H., & Mosavi, M. H. (2004). Comparison of mental health among medical students with allied medicine students. Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, 6(13), 101-7.‏

Lazarus, R. (1991). Cognition and motivation in emotion. American Psychologist, 46, 352–67.

Lee, V. Cohen, S. R. eta. (2010). Meaning-makingintervention during breast or colorectal cancer treatment improves self-esteem, optimism, and self-efficacy. Social Science & Medicine, V.62, Is12, P.3.1-314.

Lyubomirsky, S. Sheldon, K. M., & Schkad, D. (2005) pursuing happiness: TheGeneral Psychology, 9, 111-131.

Lyubomirsky, S. (2001). Why are some people happier than others? American psychologist. 5(2) 6,239-249.

Masoudzadeh, A., Khalilan, A., Ashrafi, M., & Kamyabighi, K. (2004). Mental Health Status of High School Students in Urban Development in 2002-2003. ournal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 14, 45, 74-83 [In Persian].

Radfar, S. H., Haghani, H., Tulayi, S. A., Modirian, E., & Falahati, M. (2005). Review of general health among 15-18 years old children of veterans. Military Medicine, 7(3), 203-9.‏

Robinette, M. (1992). Resource Handbook for Teachers and Counselors... A Collection of Ideas, Facts, Resources, and Project Summaries from the PACE Summer Institute (6th, Pendleton, South Carolina, June 15-26, 1992).

Schwartz, C. E., Bode, R., Repucci, N., Becker, J., Sprangers, M. A., &Fayers, P. M. (2006). The clinical significance of adaptation to changing health: a meta-analysis of response shift. Quality of life research, 15(9), 1533-1550.

Shamsaei, F., Ashtarani, F., & Ashtarani, E. (2014). Comparison of life satisfaction in blind and deaf students with normal students of Hamadan schools in 2014. Pajouhan Scientific Journal, 13(1), 52-60.

Shirin Zadeh, S., & Mirjafari A. (2006). Study of the relationship between hope and coping strategies with stress among students of Shiraz University, third seminar on student mental health, 110-112 [In Persian].

Snyder, C. R., Irving, L. M., & Anderson, J. R. (1991). Hope and health. Handbook of social and clinical psychology: The health perspective, 162, 285-305

Snyder, C. R., Irving, L., & Anderson, J.R., (1991). Hope and Health: Measuring the will and the Ways, in C.R. Snyder & D.R. Forsyth (Eds) Handbook of Social and Clinical Psychology: The Health Perspective, pp 285-305., Elmsford: Pergamum.

Snyder, C. R., & Tsukasa, K. (2005). The Relationship between Hope and Subjective Well-being: Reliability and Validity of the Dispositional Hope Scale, Japanese Version, Japanese Journal of Psychology, Vol. 76, No.3, pp.227-23.

Vandervelden, R. J. Grievink, K, L., & dijkand, D. (2007). The association between dispositional optimism and mental health problems among disaster victims and comparison group: A prospective study. Journal of affective disorders, 54, 105-124.

Aghaei, M., & Nikraan Gh. (2016). The Effectiveness of Libomirsky's Happiness on Marital Satisfaction and Women's Happiness in Isfahan. International Conference on Psychology and the Culture of Life, [In Persian].

Alberto, J., & Joyner, B. (2010). Hope, optimism, and self-care among Better Breathers Support Group members with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Applied Nursing Research, 21(4), 212-217.

AliPour, A., & Noorbala, AA. (1999). Preliminary Study of Reliability and Validity of Oxford Happiness Questionnaire in Tehran University Students, Andisheh and Behavior Quarterly, 5, 1 and 2, 550-630 [In Persian].

Anasori, M. (2007). The Relationship Between Mental Health and Happiness of Students and Girl and Son. Thought and Behavior, 6, 2, 75-84 [In Persian].

Argyle, M., Martin, M., & Lu, L. (1995). Testing for stress and happiness: The role of social and cognitive factors. In C. D. Spielberger, & I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Stress and emotion. Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis, pp: 173–187.

Balow, J. P. (2002). The measurment of optimism and hope in relation tocollege student retention and academic Success.PhD dissertation. IowaState University.

Bayani, A., Goodarzi, H., & Kuchiki Ashkour M. (2007). Validity and validity of the scale of life satisfaction. Developmental Psychology11(3) [In Persian].

Belack, J., & Reynols, W, M. (2013). Examining the relationship of perfectionism, depression, and optimism: Testing for mediation and moderation, personality and individual differences. Personality and Individual Differences, 54 (3), 426-431.

Biglar, M., Hayati, Y., Rahmani, H., Rajabnezhad, Z., & Dargahi, H. (2014). Study of General Health Among Tehran University of Medical Sciences Hospital’s Administrators. Journal of PayavardSalamat, 8(1), 13-24.

Boyraz, G., & Lightsey O. Jr. (2012). Can positive thinking help? Positive automatic thoughts as moderators of the stress-meaning relationship. Tennessee State University USA.Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.Gov/pubmed

Delavar, A. (2007). Research methodology in psychology and education. Tehran: Edit .4 [In Persian].

Diener, E., & et al. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale, Journal of Personality Assessment, v. 49, p. 71–75.

Ed, D., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276-302.

Ghanbari, M., Permanous, M., & Rajab Zadeh, Z. (2017). The Relationship Between Happiness and Life Expectancy in Students at the Faculty of Medical Sciences. Special Issue of the 3rd International Conference on Psychology and Educational Sciences.553-556 [In Persian].

Goldberg, D. P., & Hillier, V. F. (1979). A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychological medicine, 9(1), 139-145.‏

Gómez, D. (2009). Psychological well-being and health. Contributions of positive psychology. Annuary of Clinical and Health Psychology, 5, 15-27 .

Hatami, G., Motamed, N., & Ashrafzadeh, M. (2010). Confirmatory factor analysis of Persian adaptation of multidimensional students’ life satisfaction scale (MSLSS). Social Indicators Research, 98(2), 265-271.

Hoseyni, S. H., & Mosavi, M. H. (2004). Comparison of mental health among medical students with allied medicine students. Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, 6(13), 101-7.‏

Lazarus, R. (1991). Cognition and motivation in emotion. American Psychologist, 46, 352–67.

Lee, V. Cohen, S. R. eta. (2010). Meaning-makingintervention during breast or colorectal cancer treatment improves self-esteem, optimism, and self-efficacy. Social Science & Medicine, V.62, Is12, P.3.1-314.

Lyubomirsky, S. Sheldon, K. M., & Schkad, D. (2005) pursuing happiness: TheGeneral Psychology, 9, 111-131.

Lyubomirsky, S. (2001). Why are some people happier than others? American psychologist. 5(2) 6,239-249.

Masoudzadeh, A., Khalilan, A., Ashrafi, M., & Kamyabighi, K. (2004). Mental Health Status of High School Students in Urban Development in 2002-2003. ournal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 14, 45, 74-83 [In Persian].

Radfar, S. H., Haghani, H., Tulayi, S. A., Modirian, E., & Falahati, M. (2005). Review of general health among 15-18 years old children of veterans. Military Medicine, 7(3), 203-9.‏

Robinette, M. (1992). Resource Handbook for Teachers and Counselors... A Collection of Ideas, Facts, Resources, and Project Summaries from the PACE Summer Institute (6th, Pendleton, South Carolina, June 15-26, 1992).

Schwartz, C. E., Bode, R., Repucci, N., Becker, J., Sprangers, M. A., &Fayers, P. M. (2006). The clinical significance of adaptation to changing health: a meta-analysis of response shift. Quality of life research, 15(9), 1533-1550.

Shamsaei, F., Ashtarani, F., & Ashtarani, E. (2014). Comparison of life satisfaction in blind and deaf students with normal students of Hamadan schools in 2014. Pajouhan Scientific Journal, 13(1), 52-60.

Shirin Zadeh, S., & Mirjafari A. (2006). Study of the relationship between hope and coping strategies with stress among students of Shiraz University, third seminar on student mental health, 110-112 [In Persian].

Snyder, C. R., Irving, L. M., & Anderson, J. R. (1991). Hope and health. Handbook of social and clinical psychology: The health perspective, 162, 285-305

Snyder, C. R., Irving, L., & Anderson, J.R., (1991). Hope and Health: Measuring the will and the Ways, in C.R. Snyder & D.R. Forsyth (Eds) Handbook of Social and Clinical Psychology: The Health Perspective, pp 285-305., Elmsford: Pergamum.

Snyder, C. R., & Tsukasa, K. (2005). The Relationship between Hope and Subjective Well-being: Reliability and Validity of the Dispositional Hope Scale, Japanese Version, Japanese Journal of Psychology, Vol. 76, No.3, pp.227-23.

Vandervelden, R. J. Grievink, K, L., & dijkand, D. (2007). The association between dispositional optimism and mental health problems among disaster victims and comparison group: A prospective study. Journal of affective disorders, 54, 105-124.