The Comparison of Social Skills, Emotional Intelligence and Depression in Students with Learning Disabilities and Normal in Elementary Schools at Maragheh city
Subject Areas : Educational PsychologyAli Naghi Agdasi 1 , leyli shokrollahpour 2
1 - 1- Assistant Professor, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
2 - 2- Master's student in educational psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
Keywords: emotional intelligence, Depression, learning disability, social skills,
Abstract :
The aim of this study was to compare the social skills, emotional intelligence and depression of students with learning disabilities and normal in primary schools in Maragheh. The method of the research study was comparative. The statistical population was all primary school students in Maragheh that were purposefully selected (with learning disabilities) and 40 normal students were selected by matching method from primary schools in Maragheh. To collect information Garsham and Eliot (1990) Social Skills Questionnaire, Bradbury and Graves (2005) Emotional Intelligence and Lang and Tisher (1983) childhood depression Questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance and group independent t-test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the level of social skills (social skills, cooperation, assertiveness and self-control) and emotional intelligence (self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship management) of students with learning disabilities and normal in primary schools of Maragheh (P <0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between depression of students with learning disabilities and normal in primary schools in Maragheh (P <0.05). Based on the results, it was suggested that in schools, the necessary planning and coordination to use emotional intelligence training methods as well as interventions to strengthen social skills for primary school students with learning disabilities. Also use the results of the present study in the design of therapeutic interventions.
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Amiri Barmkohi, A. (2009). Teaching life skills to reduce depression. Iranian Psychologists Quarterly, 5(20), 297-308Bauminger, N., Edelsztein, H. S., & Morash, J. (2005). Social information processing and emotional understanding in children with LD. J. Learn. Disabil., 38, 45–61 [In Persian].
Bauminger, N., Schorr Edelsztein, H., & Morash J. (2015). Social information processing and emotional understanding in children with LD. J learn disable. 38(1): 45-61.
Bernard, S., & Turk J. (2009). Developing mental health services for children and adolescents with learning disabilities: A toolkit for clinicians. London: RCPsych Publications, 48-52.
Bradbury, T., & Graves, J. (2005). Emotional intelligence (skills and tests). Translated by Mehdi Ganji. Savalan Publications, first edition. El-Keshky, M., & Emam, M. (2015). Emotional and behavioral difficulties in children referred for learning disabilities from two Arab countries: A cross-cultural examination of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Res dev disabil. 36(1): 459-69 [In Persian].
Elliott, S. N., & Gersham, F. M. (1993). Social skills interventions for children. Behavior Modification, 17, 287-313.
Elmer, T., Mepham, K., & Stadtfeld, C. (2020). Students under lockdown: Comparisons of students’ social networks and mental health before and during the COVID-19 crisis in Switzerland. PLoS One 2020, 15(7): e0236337.
Freilich, R., & Shechtman, Z. (2010). The contribution of art therapy to the social, emotional, and academic Adjustment of children with learning disabilities. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 37, 97–105.
Fred, J., Pierre, C., Sheilah, H. J. A., R., Lena w. H., Margreth, G., Irene J., Tobias, S., klara, E., & Eva, S. (2021). Depression, anxiety and stress among Swedish university students before and during six months of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cohort study. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 7(14): 1-9.
Ganji, H., Mirhashemi, M., & Sabet, M. (2006). Standardization of Bradbury-Graves' Emotional Intelligence Test, Thought and Behavior in Clinical Psychology (Applied Psychology), 1(2): 23-35 [In Persian].
Gresham, F. M., & Elliott, S. N. (1990). Social Skills Rating system. Circle Pines. MA: American Guidance Services.
Gilbert, P. (2008) Overcoming depression. Translated by Siavash Jamalfar. Tehran: Rushd Publications. [In Persian].
Hajloo, N., & Rezaie Sharif. A. (2012). Psychometric properties of Colorado Learning Difficulties Questionnaire (CLDQ). Journal of Learning Disabilities, 1(1): 24-43 [In Persian].
Hazel, J. S., & Schumaker, J. B. (1988). Social skills and learning disabilities: Current issues and recommendations for future research. In J. F. Kavanagh & T. J. Truss, Jr. (Eds.), Learning disabilities: Proceedings of the national conference (pp. 293-344). Parkton, MD: York Press.
Hen, M., & Goroshit, M. (2014). Academic procrastination, emotional intelligence, academic self-efficacy, and GPA: a comparison between students with and without learning disabilities. J Learn Disabil, 47(2): 116-124.
Huckins, J. F., daSilva. A. W., & Wang, W. (2020). Mental health and behavior of college students during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic: Longitudinal smartphone and ecological momentary assessment study. J Med Internet Res, 22(6): e20185.
Ibrahim, Ø., & Snipstad, M. (2021), Concerns regarding the use of the vulnerability concept in research on people with intellectual disability. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 4(1): 1-8.
Jamshidi, E., & Saif Naraghi, M. (2004). Comparison of social skills of students with special learning disabilities and normal students aged 8 to 12. Research in the field of exceptional children, 5(15), 69-86. Job, J. M., & Klassen, R. M. (2012). Predicting performance on academic and non-academic tasks: A comparison of adolescents with and without learning disabilities. Contempt Edu Psychol, 37(2): 162-9.
Klassen, R. M., & Lynch, S. L. (2007). Self-efficacy from the perspective of adolescents with learning disabilities and their specialist teachers. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 40, 494-507.
La Graca, A. M., & Mesibov, G. (1979). Social skills instruction with learning disabled children selecting skills and implementing training. Journal of clinical child psychology, 8, 234-241.
La Greca, A. M., & Stone, W. L. (1990). Children with learning disabilities: the role of achievement in social, personal and behavioral functioning. In H. L. Swanson & B. K. Keogh (Eds), Learning disabilities: theoretical and research issues. Hillsdale, N. J: Erlbaum, 333-352.
Li, H., & Morris, R. J. (2007). Assessing fears and related anxieties in children and adolescents with learning disabilities or mild mental retardation. Res Dev Disable. 28(5): 445-57.
Mafra, H. (2015). Development of Learning and Social Skills in Children with Learning Disabilities: An Educational Intervention Program. Soc Behav Sci, 209(1): 221-8.
Mammarella, I. C., Ghisi, M., Bomba, M., Bottesi, G., Caviola, S., Broggi, F., & Nacinovich, R. (2016). Anxiety and depression in children with nonverbal learning disabilities, reading disabilities, or typical development. J learn disable, 49(2): 130-9.
Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1995). Emotional intelligence and Construction and regulation of fellings. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 4, 197-208.
Merrifield, J. (2010). Meeting the needs of people with a learning disability in the emergency department. International emergency nursing. Public health information (CDC).19(3): 46-51.
Narimani, M., Rajabi, S. (2005). Prevalence and causes of learning disabilities in primary school students in Ardabil province, Research on Exceptional Children, 17(.3),231-252 [In Persian].
Orak, J., & Kuti, H. (2019). The effect of teaching self-discipline skills on reducing depression in female students of the first secondary level. Journal of New Developments in Psychology, Educational Sciences and Education, 3(26), 165-175.Palombo, J. (2001). Learning disorders and disorders of the self in children and adolescents. New York: Norton, [In Persian].
Russell, G., Ryder, D., Norwich, B., & Ford, T. (2015). Behavioural Difficulties That Co-occur with Specific Word Reading Difficulties: A UK Population- Based Cohort Study. Dyslexia (Chichester, England), 21(2): 123-41
Ray, C. E., & Elliott, S. N. (2006). Social Adjustment and Academic Achievement: A Predictive Model for Students with Diverse Academic and Behavior Competencies. School Psychology Review, 35(3): 493-501.
Redley, M. (2009). Understanding the social exclusion and stalled welfare of citizens with learning disabilities. Disabil Soc. 24(4): 489-501.
Rezaei, A, Hafezi, A. (2012). Social Skills in Students with Intellectual Disabilities, Autism, Learning Disabilities and Normal Students. JOEC11 (4) :363-374[In Persian].
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