This article aims to investigate the criminal liability policies for children in Iran and England, with the goal of understanding the gradual or immediate nature of juvenile criminal responsibility, the investigative and prosecutorial process for juvenile crimes, and ho
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This article aims to investigate the criminal liability policies for children in Iran and England, with the goal of understanding the gradual or immediate nature of juvenile criminal responsibility, the investigative and prosecutorial process for juvenile crimes, and how these two legal systems respond to crimes committed by minors. In Iran's legislative policy, criminal responsibility is gradual, with the age of 9 as the starting point for partial criminal responsibility and the age of 18 as the beginning of full criminal responsibility, primarily for crimes subject to hadd and qisas (retaliation) punishments. In contrast, in England's criminal policy, gradual criminal responsibility is applied to all crimes, considering the age of 10 as the threshold for relative criminal responsibility.The emphasis on specialized juvenile courts in Iran and the right of police and prosecutors to intervene in investigations and prosecutions in all cases in the English legal system, as well as the detention of juveniles in both legal systems, are among the findings of this research. In terms of responses to juvenile crimes in both legal systems, we observe rehabilitative approaches and diversion policies, although the diversity of punitive responses in the English legal system has made it more capable of achieving a desirable level of proportionality between the crime and punishment compared to the Iranian legal system.
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