Land reform in Azerbaijan with emphasis on endowments

Subject Areas : Journal of History (Tarikh)

Shahin  Asgaryar ¹ (PhD student Department of History, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran.)
manizheh  Sadri ² (Department of History, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran.)
aziz  taleei Gharah Gheshlagh ³ (Assistant Professor Department of History, Faculty of Literature, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.)
Monirh  kazemirashed ⁴ (Assistant Professor Department of History, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran)

Received: 2021-05-15 Accepted : 2021-06-26 Published : 2022-02-20

Keywords: agriculture, Pahlavi, Land Reform, endowments,

Abstract :

The government of Mohammad Reza Shah undertook land reforms with the aim of achieving important economic and political results in order to improve the situation of the Iranian villagers and radically change the traditional rural relations. Large landowners and landowners also donated land in or around villages to get rid of the land reform law so that the proceeds could be used for religious and charitable purposes. Among its uses, in addition to religious affairs, was the maintenance and protection of public welfare affairs, such as the protection of canals. Later, with the change of the land reform law, public endowments were subject to sale. Also, the withdrawal of endowments from the supervision of the Ministry of Culture and Arts and the transfer of its affairs to the "Pahlavi Foundation" caused changes in the traditional rural system. This article will analyze the above phenomenon in Azerbaijan based on documents in a descriptive and analytical manner. Findings show that the traditional construction of collective land acquisition and exploitation was broken in many rural areas and in addition to reducing the use of land, disrupted the sale of mass production endowments. With the fragmentation of agricultural lands, in addition to reducing the use of land, mass production, which was known in Iranian villages as Beneh, Sahra, Harath, etc.,; It changed its members to a maximum of 2-4 households, increasing the migration of villagers to cities and turning farmers into wage earners in joint-stock companies and agro-industrial companies.