The Effect of 1 – methy Cyclopropene and Nano Particles of Potassium Permanganat on Qualitive Characteristics and Storage Life of Two Apple Cultivars

Subject Areas : Microbiology

Bahram Pashazadeh ¹ , Seyyed mahdi Seyedin Ardabili ² , Hassan Hajnajari ³ , Farrokh Shavakhi ⁴ , Gholam hassan Asadi ⁵

1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی صنایع غذایی، گروه صنایع غذایی، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی صنایع غذایی، تهران، ایران
3 - استادیار موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال بذر، بخش تحقیقات باغبانی، واحد دانه دارها، کرج، ایران
4 - استادیار موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، بخش تحقیقات صنایع غذایی، کرج، ایران
5 - استادیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی صنایع غذایی، گروه صنایع غذایی، تهران، ایران

Received: 2013-06-24 Accepted : 2013-09-03 Published : 2014-03-21

Keywords: Apple, durability, Potassium permanganate, Storage Waste,

Abstract :

Introduction: Apple is one of the most important horticultural crop that storage and post-harvest problems attract the growing interest of researchers and industry’s authorities. In this study, the effect of 1 - methyl cyclopropene (1-MCP) and ethylene nano-absorbent (potassium permanganat) as a new combination, effective and low cast treatment on the durability of apple and its storage was investigated.Materials and Methods: Two commercial apple cultivars, Wealthy and the native Dirras-e Mashhad, present in National Horticultural Research Station, kamalshahr-karaj were selected. The samples were harvested according to the starch index (2-2.5) and were pre-cooled for 24 hours and then treated with 1 ppm concentration of 1-methyl cyclopropene by spraying in an impenetrable atmosphere and maintained for 8 hours at room temperature and finally transferred into the cold room. Ethylene treatment was performed by placing the nano absorbent packets of 5 gr within the cardboard containers together with the non treated fruits as control. The samples were stored at 0.5 °C and 90% of relative humidity. Series of tests consisting of fruit weight, flesh firmness, ascorbic acid concentration, total soluble solids (TSS), titrable acidity (TA) and pH measurement were carried out on the sampls once a month in triplicate order. Sensory evaluations were carried out at the end of five months of storage period, comparing the treated samples of both cultivars with the control. The experiment was organized as completely randomized design and the collected data were analyzed by SAS software.Results: weight loss and flesh firmness in both experimental samples demonstrated less reduction as compared to the control the use of 1-MCP affected TSS, pH and TA significantly (p<0.05) and inhibited the rise pH and reduced also acidity TA during storage, while no significant effect (p>0/05) was noted by the use of nano-absorbent. The native 'Dirras-e Mashhad' showed higher pH value than 'Wealthy' under the combination of ENA and 1-MCP.Conclusion: The results showed that this technique can increase most characteristics of apples duringthe storage.

References:

جلیلی مرندی، ر. )1387(. فیزیولوژی پس از برداشت. انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی ارومیه

حسینی، ز. (1369). روش‌های متداول در تجزیه مواد غذایی. انتشارات دانشگاه شیراز.

راحمی، م. (1384). فیزیولوژی پس از برداشت: مقدمه­ای بر فیزیولوژی و جابجایی میوه، سبزی­ها و گیاهان زینتی (ترجمه)، انتشارات دانشگاه شیراز.

زمردی، ش. (13۸۴(. تاثیرنوع بسته بندی و پرمنگنات پتاسیم بر کیفیت وعمر انبار مانی سه رقم سیب در سردخانه. مجله تحقیقات مهندسی کشاورزی جلد 6شماره 24، 156-143.

شیخ الاسلامی، م. (1384). اثر زمان برداشت و مدت زمان انبارمانی بر‌ خواص کمی و کیفی زردآلو. مجله تحقیقات مهندسی

ناصری، ل.، بابالار، م.، عسگری، م. و طلایی، ع. (1380). اثر محلول پاشی برگی برخی ریز مغذی‌ها و انبار سرد بر کیفیت میوه سـیب گلدن دلیشز، مجلة علوم کشـاورزی ایران، جلد 36,

شماره 3, صفحه 591 الی 597کشاورزی. جلد 6. شماره 25.

Akbudak, B., Ozer, M. H., Erturk, U. & Cavusoglu, S., (2009). Response of 1-methylcyclopropene treated “Granny Smith” apple fruit to air and controlled atmospHere storage conditions. Journal of Food Quality, 32, 18-33.

A.O.A.C. (1975). Official method of analysis. Association of Official Agricultural Chemists Incorporated. 12th edition. Washington, D.C.U.S.A

Chen, J. L., Yan, S., Feng, Z., Xiao, L. & Hu, X. S. (2006). Changes in the volatile compounds and chemical and physical properties of *Yali* pear (Pyrus bertschneideri Rehd) during

storage. Journal of Food Chemistry, 97, 248-255.

Defilippi, B. G., Dandekar, A. M. & Kader, A. A. (2004). Impact of suppression of ethylene action or biosynthesis on flavor metabolites in apple (Malus domestica Borkh) fruits. Journal of Agircultural and Food Chemstry, 52, 5694-5701.

Dixon, J. & Hewett, E. W. (2000). Factors affecting apple aroma/flavor volatile concentration: a review. Journal of Crop and Horticultural Scienc, 28,155-173.

FAO. (2012). FAO Statistical Yearbook 2012, http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-publications/ess-yearbook/yearbook2012/en/.

Finny, E. E. & Massie, D. R. (1975). Instromentation for testing the response of fruits to mechanical impact. Trans ASAE, 18(6), 1184-1187.

Jeziorek, K., Woźni, A. K. M. & Tolmala, K. (2010). Response of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples to postharvest application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) in conditions of normal and controlled atmosphere. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 18(2), 223-237.

Johnston, J. W. & Hewett, E. W. (2002). Postharvest softening of apple (Malus domestica) Fruit: A review. Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 30, 145-160.

Moran, R. E. & MCManus, P. (2005a). Firmnessretention, and prevention of coreline browing and senescence in. "Macoun" apples with 1- methylcyclopropene on ripening of greenhouse tomatoes at three storage temperatures. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 27, 285-292.

Moran., R. E. & Mcmanus, P. (2005b). Firmness retention and provention of corelin browing and senesence in Macoune apples with 1- methylcyclopropen. Horticultural Science, 40(1): 161-163.

Perera, C. O., Balchin, L., Baldwin, E., Stanley, R. & Tian, M. (2003). Effect of 1-methl cyclopropen on the quality of fresh- cut apple slices. Journal of Food Science. 68(6):1910-1914. fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 35,125-132.

Pre-Aymard, C., Fallik, E., Weksler, A. & Lurie, S. (2005). Sensory analysis and instrumentalmeasurements of ‘Anna’ apples treated with 1-methylcyclopropene. Journal of  Postharvest. Biology and Technology, 36,135-142.

Pelayo-Zaldivar, C., Ebeler, S. E. & Kader, A. A. (2005). Cultivar and harvest date effects on flavor and other quality attributes of California strawberries. Journal of Food Quality, 28, 78-97.

Roth, B. L. (2007). Fast Moving Fronts—Comments by Professor Bryan Roth. Essential Science Indicators (ESI), http://www.esi-topics.com/fmf/2007/july07-BryanRoth.html.

Soska, A. & Tomala, K. (2006). Internal quality of apples during storage. Agronomijas Vestis (Latvian Journal of Agronomy), 9,146-151.

Selvarajah, S., Bauchot, A. D. & John, P. (2001). Internal browning in cold-stored pineapples is suppressed by a postharvest application of 1-methylcyclopropene. J.postharvest Biol. Technol. 23, 167-170.

Veraverbeke, E. A., Lammertyn, J., Saevels, S. & Nicolai, B. M. (2001). Changes in chemical wax composition of three different apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars during storage. Journal of Postharvest Biology and Technology, 23, 197-208.

Watkins, C. B. (2003). Principles and Practices of Postharvest Handling and Stress.In: Apples(Botany, Production and Uses) by Ferree, D. C. and I. J. Warrington.CABI Publishing.

Wills, R., McGlasson, B., Graham, D. & Joyce, D. (1998). An Postharvest and Handling of fruit, Vegetables and Ornamentals, Cab International.