A Parametric Model for Assessment of Environmental Sustainability of Construction Systems with Emphasise on Production and End Life Phases (With Numerical Assessment Approach to Life Cycle by LCIA method under ISO14042 Supervision)
Subject Areas : environmental managementAsghar Mohammad Moradi 1 , Seyed Bagher Hosseini 2 , Hamid Yazdani 3
1 - Professor, Depatment of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
* ( Corresponding Author)
2 - Assistant Professor, Depatment of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
3 - PhD Student, Depatment of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Keywords: Environment, Building systems, Life Cycle, Environmental assessment, Sustainable development,
Abstract :
Background and Objective: Limitation of undesirable effects of construction industry is one of the most important environmental concerns in recent decades. Expansion of construction activities is an inevitable issue and like any other industrial product, buildings can be considered as a result of raw materials and renewable and non-renewable types of energy use. At the final step of a building life cycle, there is no other way except demolition or recycling. Previous studies in this field have emphasized the building assessment during its use phase. Whereas large aspect of energy usage and pollutants production can be found in construction and demolition phases. Method: Current paper reviewed the researches yet have been done and studied appropriate methods, tools and criterion to assess environmental sustainability of construction systems, especially on production and demolition phases. Results: The main goal of this study is to find a way for parametric assessment of environmental sustainability in construction systems, with emphasis on production and end phase of a building life cycle. Conclusion: Finally, this study presents a six-parameter numerical model that can help to evaluate environmental compatibility of any building by which environmental sustainability of a construction system can be assessed with emphasis on production and end phase of its life cycle.
1- Sartori I, Hestnes AG. Energy use in the life cycle of conventional and low- energy buildings: a review article. Energy and Buildings 2007;39(3):249–57.
2- Adalberth K, Almgren A, Petersen EH. Life Cycle Assessment of four multi- family buildings. International Journal of Low Energy and Sustainable Buildings 2001; 2:1–21.
3- Thomark C. Environmental analysis of a building with reused building materials. International Journal of Low Energy and Sustainable Buildings 2000; 1:1–18.
4- Maddox B, Nunn L. Life cycle analysis of clay brick housing based on a typical project home. The Centre for Sustainable Technology, University of NewCastle; 2003.
5- Blanchard S, Reppe P. LCA of a residential home in Michigan. USA: School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan; 1998.
6- Huberman N, Pearlmutter D. A life-cycle energy analysis of building materials in the Negev desert. Energy and Buildings 2008; 40(5):837–48.
7- Chen TY, Burnett J, Chau CK. Analysis of embodied energy use in the residential building of Hong Kong. Energy 2001; 26(4):323–40.
8- ENEA. Rapporto Energia e Ambiente 2005, Rome, Italy, 2005.
9- Gian Andrea Blengini, Life cycle of buildings, demolition and recycling potential: A case study in Turin, Italy, Building and Environment 44 (2009) 319– 330
10- Parkin, S. (2000), Context and drivers for operationalizing sustainable development, Proceedings of ICE, Vol. 138, Nov. 2000, pp. 9 – 15.
11- Sage, A. P. (1998), Risk management for sustainable development, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Vol. 5, 1998, pp. 4815 – 4819.
12- Parkin, S. (2000), Sustainable development : the concept and the practical challenge, Proceedings of ICE, Vol. 138, Nov. 2000, pp. 3 – 8.
13- Chaharbaghi, K. and Willis, R. (1999), Study and practice of sustainable development, Engineering Management Journal, Vol. 9, No. 1, Feb. 1999, pp. 41 – 48.
14- Sustainable development: What it is and what you can do, DETR Green Ministers Report, March 2000.
15- http://www.cbpp.org.uk/cbpp/themes/suscon/intro_1/html, Introduction to sustainable construction.
16- http://www.arch.hk/research/BEER/
17- sustain.htm, Sustainable architecture and building design.
18- C. A. and Ding, G. K. C. (Eds.), Sustainable practices in the built environment, Langston, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2001. Architecture: Is change required? Building, Feb. 1995.
19- http://products.bre.co.uk/breeam/breeam2.html, BREEAM.
20- Alisa, M. and Heasman, I. (2000), Concrete, Vol. 34, No. 1, Jan 2000, pp. 26.
21- Chris W. Scheuer and Gregory A. Keoleian, Life Cycle Assessment Methods, U .S. Department Of Commerce, National Institute Of Standards And Technology, September 2002,p:14)
22- Oscar Ortiz, Sustainability in the construction industry, Construction and building materials, 23-2009, p: 30-35.
23- Emison, G. A. (2001), Civil engineers and future environmental policies, Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, Vol. 127, No. 3, July 2001, pp.130 – 138.
24- Raynsford, N. (2000), Sustainable construction: the Government’s role, Proceedings of ICE, Vol. 138, Nov. 2000, pp. 16 – 22.
25- Miyatake Y. (1996), Technology development and sustainable construction , Journal of Management in Engineering, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1996, pp. 23 – 27.
26- Fisher, T. A. (1992), Principles of Environmental Architecture, AIA, Nov. 1992.
27- Cook, A., ‘What is sustainable construction exactly?’ Robert Lowe, Defining absolute environmental limits for the built environment, 2006, pp.1-30.
28- BRE 1990 BREEAM – Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method. Version 1/90, BRE 183, Watford: BRE.
29- Cole, R. 2004 Changing context for environmental knowledge, Building Research & Information 32 (2) 91-109.
30- Anink, D. & Boonstra, C. 1996 Handbook of Sustainable Building: An Environmental Preference Method for Choosing Materials in Construction and Renovation, London: James & James (Science Publishers).
31- Cole, R. & Larsson, N.K. 1999 GBC ’98 and GBTool, Building Research & Information 27 (4/5) 221-229.
32- USGBC 2003 Green Building Rating System for New Construction & Major Renovations (LEED-NC) Version 2.1 (revised edition), Washingon DC: US Green Building Council.
33- Atkinson, G.D., Dubourg, R., Hamilton, K., Munasignhe, M., Pearce, D.W., Young, C., 1997. Measuring Sustainable Development: Macroeconomics and the Environment. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
34- Sage, A. P. (1998), Risk management for sustainable development, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Vol. 5, 1998, pp. 4815 – 4819.
35- Parkin, S. (2000), Sustainable development : the concept and the practical challenge, Proceedings of ICE, Vol. 138, Nov. 2000, pp. 3 – 8.
36- Chaharbaghi, K. and Willis, R. (1999), Study and practice of sustainable development, Engineering Management Journal, Vol. 9, No. 1, Feb. 1999, pp. 41 – 48.
37- Sustainable development: What it is and what you can do, DETR Green Ministers Report, March 2000.
38- Fizal, M., An environmental assessment method for cleaner production technologies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2007.
39- Li ZG. A new life cycle impact assessment approach for buildings. Building and Environment, 2006.
40- Ortiz O, Castells F, Sonnemann G. Important issues in LCA and ecodesign within the building sector for developing countries. In: International conference on life cycle assessment – CILCA 2007 – Sao Paulo, Brazil; 2007.
41- http://www.cbpp.org.uk/cbpp/themes/suscon/intro_1/html, Introduction to sustainable construction.
42- Blengini GA, Garbarino E. Sustainable constructions: ecoprofiles of primary and recycled building materials. In: Proceedings of the international symposium mining planning and equipment selection MPES2006, Turin, Italy, 20–22 September 2006.
43- http://products.bre.co.uk/breeam/breeam2.html, BREEAM.
44- B. De Meester, Exergetic life-cycle assessment (ELCA) for resource consumption evaluation in the built environment, Building and environment, 2009.
45- Peuportier BLP. Life cycle assessment applied to the comparative evaluation of single family houses in the French context. Energy and Building 2001.
46- Sonnemann G, Castells F, Schuhmacher M. Integrated life – cycle and risk assessment for industrial processes. Advanced methods in resource and waste management, 1st ed., vol.1. United States of America: Lewis Publishers; 2003.
47- Badino V, Blengini GA, Zavaglia K. Measuring sustainability of building aggregates by means of LCA tools. In: Proceedings of the international symposium of sustainable development indicators in the mining industry SDIMI 2007, Milos, Greece, 18–20 June 2007, p. 145–50. ISBN: 978-960-6746-00-0.
48- Alisa, M. and Heasman, I. (2000), Concrete, Vol. 34, No. 1, Jan 2000, pp. 26.
49- Curran M, editor. Environmental life cycle assessment. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1996. ISO 14040. Environmental management. Life cycle assessment: principles and guidelines. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization; 1997.
50- Blengini GA. Life cycle assessment tools for sustainable development: case studies for the mining and construction industries in Italy and Portugal. Ph.D. Dissertation. Lisbon, Portugal: Instituto Superior Tecnico, Technical Univer- sity of Lisbon; 2006.
51- Brimacombe L, Shonfield P. Sustainability and steel recycling. International Iron and Steel Institute; 2001. ISO 14042. Environmental management. Life cycle assessment: life cycle impact assessment. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization; 2000.
52- IPCC.Revised1996IPCC guidelines fornational greenhousegasinventories, 1996.
53- SEMC.MSR1999:2—Requirements for environmental product declarations. Swedish Environmental Management Council, 2000. Availableonlineat:/http://www.environdec.comS.