Technical, Economical and Environmental Feasibility Study of Urban Heating System Replaced with Geothermal Energy in IRAN

Subject Areas : environmental management

Younes Noorollahi ¹ , Hossein Yousefi ² , Ali Hossein Rezayan ³ , Hadi Farabi Asl ⁴

1 - Associated Professor, Department of Renewable Energy, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, IRAN * (Corresponding author).
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Renewable Energy, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, IRAN
3 - - Assistant Professor, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
4 - - PhD student, Dep. of International Energy Resources Engineering, Akita University, Akita, Japan

Received: 2013-03-11 Accepted : 2015-03-13 Published : 2016-12-21

Keywords: Geothermal Energy, Direct Use, Economical and Environmental E, Geographical Information Syste, Sarein City,

Abstract :

Background and Objective: The exploitation of geothermal energy for environmental and regional heating is one of the most appropriate and the most common methods of direct use of the earth heat. Having decades of experience in vast regions of the world has provided useful information on how to execute geothermal projects and the obtained findings. Methods: This study has investigated the primary conducted measures to use geothermal energy directly. Then, using GIS and Iran’s geothermal atlas, it identifies cities located in geothermal areas. Afterwards, it has investigated the consumption of the main four energy carriers (Kerosene, crude, gas oil, and natural gas) in domestic, business, and public sections for heating use in the above said cities and finally, it evaluates the economic and environmental considerations obtained from heating system replacement fitting the geothermal energy. Findings: The results show that the exploitation of geothermal energy to heat buildings and domestic, business, and public spaces in cities located in geothermal areas will consume annually more than 378 million lit of Kerosene, 159 million lit gas oil, 64 million lit of fuel oil, and 1,370 million m3lit of natural gas which can be allocated to the exports and more than 725 million dollars can be accrued annually to the country. Calculations related to the cost of establishing the urban heating concentrated system has been conducted for Sarein and it was shown that the related amount almost costs 3.2 milliard toman and the amount of providing heating energy in each Kwh costs 107 toman. The return period of the capital in the current study has been estimated 3.5 (three and a half year). The decline level of fluid temperature passing through the transferor pipes and the output of the aforementioned system (considering reinjection into the earth and the heating loss of the fluid transferor pipes) have been estimated 3 centigrade and 46 percent, respectively.    

References:

1. نوراللهی، یونس و فتوحی، منوچهر، «اصول و مبانی انرژی زمین گرمایی»، چاپ اول، انتشارات میعاد، 1381، ص142.


2. شفقی­اصل، سیدکریم و جلایر، منصور، بررسی انرژی زمین­گرمایی مشکین­شهر اردبیل در تولید برق، چهارمین همایش بهینه­سازی مصرف سوخت در ساختمان، (1384)


3. علیزاده، مجید و خلجی، مجید،. استفاده از منابع ژئوترمال جنوب سبلان (بوشلی) برای بهینه­سازی سیستم گرمایش خانه­ها در شهر اردبیل-شمالغرب ایران، سومین همایش بهینه­سازی مصرف سوخت در ساختمان. (1382)


4. پرخیال، سهیل، عبدالمحمدی، علی و کهربائیان، احمد، «انرژی زمین گرمایی»، چاپ اول، انتشارات وزارت نیرو، 1382، ص 167.


5. رضوی، سید اسماعیل، حسین­پورآزاد، حسین،. طراحی سیستم گرمایش ساختمان­ها با استفاده از انرژی زمین­گرمایی، چهارمین همایش بهینه­سازی مصرف سوخت در ساختمان (1384).


6. محمدی، راضیه و ناصری، مریم، انرژی ژئوترمال با تاکید بر وضعیت پترولوژیکی و ژئوترمال منطقه خوی-ماکو در ایران، دومین همایش زمین­شناسی کاربردی و محیط­زیست، (1385).


7. John W. Lund, Derek H. Freeston, Tonya L. Boyd., Direct Utilization of Geothermal Energy 2010 Worldwide Review, Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2010.


8. Yosefi, H. Sachio, E. Noorollahi, Y., Geothermal potential site selection using GIS in IRAN’, Thirty-Second Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Stanford University, Stanford, California, January 22-24, 2007


9. فرجی، محمد علی، طراحی و محاسبات فنی، اقتصادی و زیست­محیطی جهت جایگزینی سیستم گرمایش یک منطقه مسکونی از گاز شهری به انرژی زمین­گرمایی، پایان­نامه کارشناسی ارشد رشته مهندسی انرژی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات (1391).


10. نوراللهی، یونس و فرجی، محمدعلی،  پتانسیل­سنجی جایگزینی گرمایش شهری متعارف با منابع انرژی زمین­گرمایی در ایران، اولین کنفرانس بین­المللی انرژی پاک. (1389)،


11. سایت شرکت ملی گاز ایران  www.nigc.irتاریخ دسترسی07/1389.


12. دفتر برنامه­ریزی کلان برق و انرژی وزارت نیرو، ترازنامه انرژی سال 1389


13. Einar Gunnlaugsson, Hreinn Frimannson, Gunnar A. Sverrisson, District Heating In Reykjavik – 70 Years Experience, Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2000,  Kyushu - Tohoku, Japan. (2000).


14. Leyla Ozgenera, Arif Hepbaslib, Ibrahim Dincerc, Energy and exergy analysis of geothermal district heating systems: an application, Building and Environment 40, (2005), 1309–1322.


15. Haiyan Lei and Pall Valdimarsson., Simulation of District Heating System in Tianjin, China, Geothermal Training  Programme, Orkustofnun, Grensásvegur 9, IS-108 Reykjavík, Iceland. (2010).


16. Leyla Ozgener, Arif Hepbasli, Ibrahim Dincer, Energy and exergy analysis of the Gonen geothermal district heating system, Turkey, Geothermics 34, (2005), pp: 632–645.