Measurement of Heavy Elements Concentration in the Muscle Tissue of Caspian Roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus Yakovlev, 1870) (Case Study: Siah Darvishan River, Guilan province, Iran)

Subject Areas : River Basin Environment

Mohammad Ettefaghdoost ¹ , Hamid Alaf Noveirian ²

1 - Ph. D Student, Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, Iran. *(Corresponding Author (
2 - Associate Professor, Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, Iran.

Received: 2019-04-21 Accepted : 2019-08-28 Published : 2020-10-22

Keywords: Muscle tissue, Caspian roach, Atomic Absorption, Toxic and essential elements,

Abstract :

Background and Objective: Heavy elements, due to their indissoluble structure, pose a serious threat to the health of aquatic animals as well as humans at high level of concentrations in aquatic tissues. For this purpose, the present study aims to investigate concentration and order of elements accumulated in the muscle tissue of Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus) in Siah Darvishan River as one of the fish species with high economic value and also the determination of its health for human consumption. Method: In this study, concentration level of eleven heavy elements (Pb, Hg, Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, As, Fe, Mn, Ni and Se) in muscle tissue of 25 Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus) caught by cast net from Siah Darvishan River (Guilan province, Iran) in summer 2016 were digested with closed-vessel method in CEM microwave digestion system afterwards measured and evaluated using by Varian® atomic absorption spectroscopy. Findings: The least and most accumulated elements have been observed, as follows: Zinc 30.58-33.53, Iron 18.63-20.89, Copper 3.54-4.24, Manganese 1.55-1.86, Lead 0.81-0.83, Arsenic 0.74-0.79, Nickel 0.56-0.61, Selenium 0.46-0.51, Cadmium 0.26-0.32, Chromium 0.13-0.16 and Mercury 0.079-0.095 microgram per gram dry weight, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that, mean concentrations of all elements in muscle tissue of Caspian roach, except the five heavy elements; Nickel (0.584±0.026), Arsenic (0.764±0.027), Cadmium (0.296±0.024), Manganese (1.665±0.166) and Lead (0.817±0.011), were below than the standard approved by the international organization (FAO/WHO).  

References:

1. Abolfathi, M., Hajimoradloo, A., Ghorbani, R., Zamani, A., 2012. Effectof starvation and refeeding on digestive enzyme activities in juvenile roach, Rutilus rutilus caspicus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Vol. 161, pp. 166-173.


2. Härmä, M., Lappalainen, A., Urho, L., 2008. Reproduction areas of roach (Rutilus rutilus) in the northern Baltic Sea: potential effects of climate change. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and AquaticSciences, Vol. 65, pp. 2678-2688.


3. Halimi, M., Golpour, A., Dadras, H., Mohamadi, M., Chamanara, V., 2014. Quantitative characteristics and chemical composition in Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus) sperm. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, Vol. 13, pp.81-90.


4. Kiabi, B. H., Abdoli, A., Naderi, M., 1999. Status of the fish fauna in the South Caspian Basin of Iran. Zoology in the Middle East, Vol. 18, pp. 57-65.


5. Keyvanshokooh, S., Kalbassi, M. R., 2006. Genetic variation of Rutilus rutilus caspicus (Jakowlew 1870) populations in Iran based on random amplified polymorphic DNA markers: a preliminary study. Aquaculture Research, Vol, 37, pp.1437-1440.


6. Esmaeili, H. R., Coad, B. W., Mehraban, H. R., Masoudi, M., Khaefi, R., Abbasi, K., Mostafavi, H., Vatandoust, S., 2015. An updated checklist of fishes of the Caspian Sea basin of Iran with a note on their zoogeography. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, Vol. 1, pp.152-184.


7. Esmaeli, H. R., Teimori, A., Feridon, O., Abbasi, K., Brian, W. C., 2015. Alien and invasive freshwater fish species in Iran: Diversity, environmental impacts and management. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, Vol. 1, pp. 61-72.


8. The IUCN., 2018. Red List of Threatened Species 2018: Rutilus caspicus (Caspian Roach) (errata version published in 2018). Ed. by Jörg Freyhof and Emma Brooks. 51^nd ed. IUCN Publications Services. Gland, Switzerland, pp. 9-54.


9. Abbasi, K., Moradkhah, S., Sarpanah, A., 2007. Identification and distribution of fish fauna in Siahdarvishan River (Anzali Wetland basin). Pajouhesh-va-Sazandegi, Vol. 19, pp. 27-39.  (persian)


10. Ghafouri, M., Ghaderi, N., Tabatabaei, M., Versace, V., Ierodiaconou, D., Barry, D., Stagnitti, F., 2010. Land use change and nutrients simulation for the Siah Darvishan basin of the Anzali wetland region, Iran. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, Vol. 84, pp. 240-244.


11. Järup, L., 2003. Hazards of heavy metal contamination. British medical bulletin, Vol. 68, pp. 167-182.


12. Castro-González, M., Méndez-Armenta, M., 2008. Heavy metals: Implications associated to fish consumption. Environmental toxicology and pharmacology, Vol. 26, pp. 263-271.


13. Mazej, Z., Al Sayegh-Petkovšek, S., Pokorny, B., 2010. Heavy metal concentrations in food chain of Lake Velenjsko jezero, Slovenia: an artificial lake from mining. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology, Vol. 58, pp. 998-1007.


14. Zhong, W., Zhang, Y., Wu, Z., Yang, R., Chen, X., Yang, J., Zhu, L., 2018. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in freshwater fish in the central and eastern North China. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, Vol. 157, pp. 343-349.
    
    
    1. Bosch, A. C., O'Neill, B., Sigge, G. O., Kerwath, S. E., Hoffman, L. C., 2016. Heavy metals in marine fish meat and consumer health: a review. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, Vol. 96, pp. 32-48.
    
    
    2. Pouil, S., Bustamante, P., Warnau, M., Metian, M., 2018. Overview of trace element trophic transfer in fish through the concept of assimilation efficiency. Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol, 588, pp. 243-254.
    
    
    3. Hosseini, S., Karaminasab, M., Batebi-Navaei, M., Aflaki, F., Monsefrad, F., Regenstein, J., Vajdi, R., 2015. Assessment of the essential elements and heavy metals content of the muscle of Kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) fromthe south Caspian Sea and potential risk assessment. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, Vol. 14, pp. 660-671.
    
    
    4. Pourang, N., Rachti, M. L., Moazami, H., Mostafavi, P. G., 2018. Major and trace elements’ concentrations in hard and soft tissues of kutum, Rutilus kutum, from the Caspian Sea and their potential use as biomonitoring tools. Environmental monitoring and assessment, Vol. 190, pp. 431-444.
    
    
    5. Zhang, J. L., Fang, L., Song, J. Y., Luo, X., Fu, K. D., Chen, L. Q., 2019. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae) from the upper Mekong River. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 26, pp. 9490–9499.
    
    
    6. MOOPAM, R., 1999. Manual of oceanographic observations and pollutant analysis methods. ROPME: Regional Organization for the Protection of the Marine Environment. Ed. by Nahida AI-Majed, Hassan Mohammadi and Abdulnabi AI-Ghadban. 3^rd ed. Kuwait city, Kuwait, pp. 97-164.
    
    
    7. Łuczyńska, J., Paszczyk, B., Łuczyński, M. J., 2018. Fish as a bioindicator of heavy metals pollution in aquatic ecosystem of Pluszne Lake, Poland, and risk assessment for consumer'shealth. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, Vol. 153, pp. 60-67.
    
    
    8. Chahid, A., Hilali, M., Benlhachimi, A., Bouzid, T., 2014. Contents of cadmium, mercury and lead in fish from the Atlantic sea (Morocco) determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Food chemistry, Vol. 147, pp. 357-360.
    
    
    9. FAO/WHO., 1993. Food and Agriculture Organization, World Health Organization. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants (report of the joint FAO/WHO expert committee on food additives). WHO Tech. Reports Series No. 837. 41^st ed. Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 148-185.
    
    
    10. Dallinger, R., Prosi, F., Segner, H., Back, H., 1987. Contaminated food and uptake of heavy metals by fish: a review and a proposal for further research. Oecologia, Vol. 73, pp. 91-98.
    
    
    11. Baki, M. A., Hossain, M. M., Akter, J., Quraishi, S. B., Shojib, M. F. H., Ullah, A. A., Khan, M. F., 2018. Concentration of heavy metalsin seafood (fishes, shrimp, lobster and crabs) and human health assessment in Saint Martin Island, Bangladesh. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, Vol. 159, pp. 153-163.
    
    
    12. Lü, J., Jiao, W.-B., Qiu, H.-Y., Chen, B., Huang, X.-X., Kang, B., 2018. Origin and spatial distribution of heavy metals and carcinogenic risk assessment inmining areas at You'xi County southeast China. Geoderma, Vol. 31, pp. 99-106.
    
    
    13. Cui, B., Zhang, Q., Zhang, K., Liu, X., Zhang, H., 2011. Analyzing trophic transfer of heavy metals for food webs in the newly-formed wetlands of the Yellow River Delta, China. Environmental Pollution, Vol. 159, pp.1297-1306.
    
    
    14. Espejo, W., Padilha, J. d. A., Kidd, K. A., Dorneles, P. R., Barra, R., Malm, O., Chiang, G., Celis, J. E., 2018. Trophic transfer of cadmium in marine food webs from Western Chilean Patagonia and Antarctica. Marine pollution bulletin, Vol. 137, pp. 246-251.
    
    
    15. Hansen, J. C., 2018. Human exposure to metals through consumption of marine foods: a case study of exceptionally high intake among Greenlanders, Heavy metals in the marine environment. Taylor & Francis Group, CRC Press. Florida, USA, pp. 227-243.
    
    
    16. Wang, M., Tong, Y., Chen, C., Liu, X., Lu, Y., Zhang, W., He, W., Wang, X., Zhao, S., Lin, Y., 2018. Ecological risk assessment to marine organisms induced by heavy metals in China's coastal waters. Marine pollution bulletin, Vol. 126, pp. 349-356.
    
    
    17. Keshavarzi, B., Hassanaghaei, M., Moore, F., Mehr, M. R., Soltanian, S., Lahijanzadeh, A. R., Sorooshian, A., 2018. Heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment in three commercial fish species in the Persian Gulf. Marine pollution bulletin, Vol. 129, pp.245-252.
    
    
    18. Ebrahimi, M., Taherianfard, M., 2010. Concentration of four heavy metals (cadmium, lead, mercury, andarsenic) in organs of two cyprinid fish (Cyprinus carpio and Capoeta sp.) from the Kor River (Iran). Environmental monitoring and assessment, Vol. 168, pp. 575-585.
    
    
    19. Jiang, D., Hu, Z., Liu, F., Zhang, R., Duo, B., Fu, J., Cui, Y., Li, M., 2014. Heavy metals levels in fish from aquaculture farms and risk assessment in Lhasa, Tibetan Autonomous Region of China. Ecotoxicology, Vol. 23, pp. 577-583.
    
    
    20. Siraj, M., Khisroon, M., Khan, A., Zaidi, F., Ullah, A., Rahman, G., 2018. Bio-monitoring of Tissue Accumulation and Genotoxic Effect of Heavy Metals in Cyprinus carpio from River KabulKhyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, Vol. 100, pp. 344-349.
    
    
    21. Solgi, E., Alipour, H., Majnooni, F., 2018. Assessment of Heavy metal concentrations in the muscles of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 178) from thesouthern coast of the Caspian Sea and potential risks to human health. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, Vol. 27, pp. 113-123.  (In Persian)
    
    
    22. Uysal, K., Köse, E., Bülbül, M., Dönmez, M., Erdoğan, Y., Koyun, M., Ömeroğlu, Ç., Özmal, F., 2009. The comparison of heavy metal accumulation ratios of some fish species in Enne Dame Lake (Kütahya/Turkey). Environmental monitoring and assessment, Vol. 157, pp. 355-362.
    
    
    23. Alhashemi, A. H., Sekhavatjou, M., Kiabi, B. H., Karbassi, A., 2012. Bioaccumulation of trace elements in water, sediment, and six fish species from a freshwater wetland, Iran. Microchemical Journal, Vol. 104, pp. 1-6.
    
    
    24. Le Croizier, G., Lacroix, C., Artigaud, S., Le Floch, S., Raffray, J., Penicaud, V., Coquille, V., Autier, J., Rouget, M.-L., Le Bayon, N., 2018. Significance of metallothioneins in differential cadmium accumulation kinetics between two marine fish species. Environmental pollution, Vol. 236, pp. 462-476.
    
    
    25. Canbek, M., Demir, T. A., Uyanoglu, M., Bayramoglu, G., Emiroglu, Ö., Arslan, N., Koyuncu, O., 2007. Preliminary Assessment of Heavy Metals in Water and Some Cyprinidae species from the Porsuk River, Turkey. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, Vol. 1, pp. 1-11.
    
    
    26. Xie, W., Chen, K., Zhu, X., Nie, X., Zheng, G., Pan, D., Wang, S., 2010. Evaluation of heavy metal contents in water and fishes collected from the waterway in Pearl River Delta in south China. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, Vol. 29, pp. 1917-1923.
    
    
    27. Farhadi, A., Yavari, V. 2013. Biological Monitoring of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Fe, Zn, Ni, Cu) by tissues of Capoeta damascina from Sezar river, Lorestan province. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, Vol. 22, pp.126-131.  (In Persian)
    
    
    28. Moore, J. W., Ramamoorthy, S., 2012. Heavy metals in natural waters: applied monitoring and impact assessment. 28^th ed. Springer-Verlag Inc. New york, USA, pp. 3-234.
    
    
    29. Leung, H., Leung, A., Wang, H., Ma, K., Liang, Y., Ho, K., Cheung, K., Tohidi, F., Yung, K., 2014. Assessment of heavy metals/metalloid (As, Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cr, Cu, Mn) concentrations in edible fish species tissue in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China. Marine pollution bulletin, Vol. 78, pp. 235-245.
    
    
    30. Spanopoulos-Zarco, P., Ruelas-Inzunza, J., Aramburo-Moran, I., Bojórquez-Leyva, H., Páez-Osuna, F., 2017. Differential TissueAccumulation of Copper, Iron, and Zinc in Bycatch Fish from the Mexican Pacific. Biological trace element research, Vol. 176, pp. 201-206.
    
    
    31. Langston, W., 2017. Heavy metals in the marine environment .Toxic effects of metals and the incidence of metal pollution in marine ecosystems. 1^st ed. Taylor & Francis Group, CRC Press. Florida, United States, pp.101-120.
    
    
    32. Mance, G., 2012. Pollution threat of heavy metals in aquatic environments. 25th ed. Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd. London, UK, pp. 21-299.
    
    
    33. Anan, Y., Kunito, T., Tanabe, S., Mitrofanov, I., Aubrey, D. G., 2005. Trace element accumulation in fishes collected from coastal waters of the Caspian Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 51, pp. 882-888.
    
    
    34. Varedi, S. E., Nasrollahzadeh Saravi, H., Najafpour, S., Gholamipour, S., Unesipour, H., Ulomi, Y., 2012. Study on Environmental Pollutions (HeavyMetals, Oil Hydrocarbons, Organochloro Pesticides and Detergent Pollutans) in the Water, Sediment and Fish in the Southern Caspian Sea (2008-09), Final Report, Sari: Caspian Sea Ecology Reaesrch Center.  (In Persian)
    
    
    35. Nasrollahzadeh Saravi, H., Pourgholam, R., Pourang, N., Rezaei, M., Makhlough, A., Unesipour, H., 2013. Heavy metal concentrations in edible tissue of Cyprinus carpio and its target hazard quotients in the Southern Iranian Caspian Sea Coast. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Vol. 23, pp. 33-44. (In Persian)