Urban-rural Gradient Landscape Analysis of Tehran Metropolitan in 2008 and 2018
Subject Areas :
environmental management
Golazin Radyn Majd
1
,
Seyed Ali Jozi
2
,
Rokhshad Hejazi
3
,
Mohammad Javad Amiri
4
,
Hamidreza Ghaffarzadeh
5
1 - PhD Candidate, Department of Environment, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Iran.
2 - Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Iran. *(Corresponding Author)
3 - Department of Environment, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Iran
4 - Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Planning & Education, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Iran.
5 - Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Economy, Faculty of Natural Resources & Environment, Islamic Azad University, Science & Research Branch, Iran.
Received: 2020-06-18
Accepted : 2020-09-06
Published : 2021-04-21
Keywords:
Tehran Metropolitan,
Landscape metrics,
Landscape Ecology,
Urban-rural Gradient,
Abstract :
Background and Objective: Urban expansion causes fundamental changes in the ecological landscape structure and function and a gradual change in the spatial structure and pattern of the landscape. Due to the importance of understanding the components of urban environment and how to understand the interactions between these components, the aim of this study is the urban-rural gradient analysis of Tehran using landscape metrics to quantify the landscape pattern.Method: Research data were collected in 2019 and the combination of gradient analysis and landscape metrics has been used to quantify the pattern of Tehran landscape. Land use maps of Tehran were classified using Landsat 7 and 8 satellite images related to 2008 and 2018 in ENVI 5.3 in categories of built-in land, open land, vegetation land and water. For the gradients analysis, a number of 4km×4km transects were designed in the four main directions, and passing through region 12 of Tehran. To calculate the mestrics of Number of Patches, Patch Density, Edge Density, Percentage of Landscape, Mean Patch Size and Mean Shape Index on both landscape and class levels used the moving-window technique.Findings: From 2008 to 2018, urban development has increased the Patch Density in the landscape. So in the central transect the continuity of the landscape has decreased and the fragmentation of the structural components has increased. At the level of the landscape, the Number of Patches and the Edge Density have increased dramatically. However, the Mean Patch Size and the Mean Shape Index have decreased. At the class level, the Mean Patch Size of open lands and built-in land has increased.Discussion and Conclusion: Along transects in addition to land use changes, Shape and Patch Density have also changed, and the process of these changes along transects is different. The percentage of built-in lands is the dominant matrix in transects near the commercial center of Tehran, and the area of vegetation lands and water has decreased from 2008 to 2018.
References:
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Alberti, M., 2005. The Effects of Urban Pattern on Ecosystem Function. Integration Regional Science Review, 168- 190.
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McDonnell, M. J., Pickett S.T.A., Pouyat, R.V., 1993. The Application of the Ecological Gradient Paradigm to the Study of Urban Effects. Humans as Components of Ecosystems pp 175-189.
Gustafson, E.J., 1998. Quantifying landscape spatial pattern: what is the state of the art? Ecosystems 1, 143–156.
McGarigal, K., Cushman, S. A. and Neel, M. C., Ene, E., 2002, FRAGSTATS: Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Categorical Maps, Computer Software Program Produced by the Authors at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Available at: http://www.umass.edu/landeco/research/fragstats/fragstats.html.
Weng, Y., 2007, Spatial Changes of Landscape Pattern in Response to Urbanization, Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol. 81, No. 4, PP. 341-353.
Dai, E., Wang, Y., Ma, L., Yin, L., Wu, Z., 2018, ‘Urban-Rural’ Gradient Analysis of Landscape Changes around Cities in Mountainous Regions: A Case Study of the Hengduan Mountain Region in Southwest China. Sustainability, Volume 10, Issue 4, 10, 1019.
Wang, M., Li, J., Kuang Sh., He, Y., Chen, G., Huang, Y., Song, C., Anderson, P. and Łowicki, D., 2020, Plant Diversity along the Urban–Rural Gradient and Its Relationship with Urbanization Degree in Shanghai, China. Forests, Volume 11, Issue 2, 10.3390/f11020171.
Municipality of Tehran, 1385, Atlas of Tehran Metropolis, http://atlas.tehran.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=165
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Seto, K.C., Fragkias, M., 2005. Quantifying spatiotemporal patterns of urban land-use change in four cities of China with time series landscape metrics. Landsc. Ecol. 20, 871–888.
Alberti, M., 2005. The Effects of Urban Pattern on Ecosystem Function. Integration Regional Science Review, 168- 190.
Parivar, Parstoo, Formulating an integrated framework for strategic environmental assessment of urban development plans based on resilience thinking and the principles of urban ecology- a case of Tehran. Ph.D. thesis, Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, 1392, (In persian)
Wang, Y., Li, J., Fan, Z., Wang, X., 2008, GIS- based Urban Mosaic and Its Gradient Analysis, IEEE, the Second International Conference On Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (ICBBE 2008), Shanghai, China.
Mokhtari, Zahra et al., Quantify the effects of the road on the pattern of urban landscape using gradient analysis and metric landscape. Journal of Geographical Research, Year 27, Issue 1, Spring 2012, Consecutive Issue 104.
Bouzari, Sh., Yavari, A.R., Amiri, M.J. Urban rural gradient analysis to identify the effects of urban development in the Tehran metropolis with the ecological approach of landscape. The second international conferees of LASE-IRAN, 2016, 26-27 Oct., Isfahan University of Technology, Iran. (In persian)
McDonnell, M. J., Pickett S.T.A., Pouyat, R.V., 1993. The Application of the Ecological Gradient Paradigm to the Study of Urban Effects. Humans as Components of Ecosystems pp 175-189.
Gustafson, E.J., 1998. Quantifying landscape spatial pattern: what is the state of the art? Ecosystems 1, 143–156.
McGarigal, K., Cushman, S. A. and Neel, M. C., Ene, E., 2002, FRAGSTATS: Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Categorical Maps, Computer Software Program Produced by the Authors at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Available at: http://www.umass.edu/landeco/research/fragstats/fragstats.html.
Weng, Y., 2007, Spatial Changes of Landscape Pattern in Response to Urbanization, Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol. 81, No. 4, PP. 341-353.
Dai, E., Wang, Y., Ma, L., Yin, L., Wu, Z., 2018, ‘Urban-Rural’ Gradient Analysis of Landscape Changes around Cities in Mountainous Regions: A Case Study of the Hengduan Mountain Region in Southwest China. Sustainability, Volume 10, Issue 4, 10, 1019.
Wang, M., Li, J., Kuang Sh., He, Y., Chen, G., Huang, Y., Song, C., Anderson, P. and Łowicki, D., 2020, Plant Diversity along the Urban–Rural Gradient and Its Relationship with Urbanization Degree in Shanghai, China. Forests, Volume 11, Issue 2, 10.3390/f11020171.
Municipality of Tehran, 1385, Atlas of Tehran Metropolis, http://atlas.tehran.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=165