Evaluation and determination of amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in top soils of Masjed Soleyman Oil and Gas factories (Case study: Haft Shahidan Dissalination and Operating Factory)

Subject Areas : soil pollution

atousa ahmadi ¹ , Azamasadat Hosseini Alhashemi ²

1 - MSc of Environmental Pollution, Islamic Azad University, Khouzestan Science and Research Branch, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 - Assistant professor, Department of Environmental Pollution, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran. *(Corresponding Author)

Received: 2015-08-03 Accepted : 2016-01-16 Published : 2018-06-22

Keywords: Oil pollution, Haft Shahidan Operating Factory, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Soil pollution, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,

Abstract :

Abstract Background and Objective: Contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is one of the most common cases in oil-rich province of Khuzestan. The main purpose of this study was to determine the amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil of Haft Shahidan Dissalination and Operating Factory which is Located in Masjed Soleyman.The soil were sampled from seven stations in two seasons of winter and spring in 2015. Method: The soil samples were homogenized after they are collected and transported to the laboratory. After extraction, 16 compositions were measured by means of GC-MS. Furthermore, the amounts of pH, EC, organic matter and aggregation available in soils were measured. Findings: The results showed the mean PAHs in soil collected from stations 1 to 7 were respectively 265081, 55.78, 31.04, 46.33, 62.61, 33.70, and ND mg/kg dried-form weight in winter and 310.82, 63.69, 38.12, 55.36, 77.14, 44.62, and ND mg/kg dried-form weight in spring.There was a negative correlation among the amount of PAHs available in soils, the amounts of EC parameters and pH deposits in 0.01 and a positive correlation with organic matter. Discussion and Counclusion: The results collected from the ratio of the molecular showed that all the stations contain a mixture of Payerolitic and Pethrogenic hydrocarbons. The results show that stations 1,2,5,and 6 have high level of PAHs concentration, which is due to close distance of these stations to the oil tanks and facilities as well as oil leakage. According to the results obtained from all stations, the levels of compounds such as benzo(b)fluorantene, benzo(k)fluorantene, Dibenzo(ah)antheracene and Phenanthrene were found to be higher than the standard of Canada.

References:

1. Moslemi,M., Vosoughi,M., Paak,A., Jafarzadeh,M. 2005. Study on environmental effects on the biological removal of oil pollutants from soil and determination of optimal factors. Water and Wastewater Journal. Engineering Consultants on Water and Wastewater Researches,55, 15-23 (In Persian).


2. Samimi,V., Akbari-Rad,R. 2008. Investigation on polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from vehicles in water, soil and particle matters in west Tehran Highways. Oil, Gas and Environment Booklet Congress (In Persian).


3. Bumpus,J.A.,Tien,M.,Wright,D.,Aust,S.D. 1989.Oxidation of persistent environmental pollutants by a white rot fungus.Science 228, 1434-1436. 


4. Derakshan-Nejad,A., Sekhavatjou,M. 2011.Quantitative and qualitative assessment of debenzo(ah) antheracen in ambient air of Ahvaz City. 5th National Congeress of Environmental Engineering (In Persian).


5. Saravi,H., Pourgholam,R., Unesi-Pour,H., Makhlough,A. 2012. Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (16PAHs) at the Sediments and Edible Tissue of Liza Saliens and Rutilus Frisii Kutum in Caspian Sea. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 22 (94), 79-90 (In Persian).


6. Ebrahimi, S., Shayegan, J., Malakouti, M., Akbari, A. 2011. Environmental Evaluation and Assessment of Some Important Factors of Oil Contamination in Soil around Sarkhoun Gas Refinery of Bandar Abbas. Journal of Environmental Studies. 37 (57), 9-26 (In Persian).


7. Habibnia, B., Dinarvand, J. 1997. Discharge of salted oil wastes from exploring units and environmental effects. 3^rd National Iranian Chemical Engineering, Ahvaz Oil University, 730-736 (In Persian).


8. Nahal Tahmasbi,M. 2001. Investigation and measurement of  oil hydrocarbons from oil well fires in aquatic and teresterial ecosystems. 1^st Nationatl Conference on Environmental Crisis and its rehabilitation Methods (In Persian).


9. Charkhabi,A., Bostani, A. 2011. Environmental impact assessment of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in some sediment soils, South-West oil fileds, 5^th National Conference on Geology and Environment (In Persian).


10. Hazbeh,M. 2014. Investigation and spatioal distribution of total hydrocabons (TPH) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons in district 3 industrial soil, Ahvaz City. MSc Thesis, Khouzestan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (In Persian).


11. Iturbe,R.,Flores,R.M.,Flores,C.R.,Toress, L.G. 2005.Subsoil TPH and other petroleum fractions-contamination levels in an oil storage and distribution station in north central Mexico.Journal of Chemospher,61: 1618-1631.


12. Mustafa,o.,Aysen,M., Ayse,B. 30 may 2008.atmospheric  concentrations, dry de position and air- soil exchange of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in an industrail region in Turkey. Jounal of Hazardouz Materials- Volum 153. Pages 1093- 1102.


13. Imeh, J., Okop, C. 2012. Determination of Total Hydrocarbon Content in Soil after petroleum Spillage.Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering.Vol 3.London,UK.


14. ISO11464:1994(E), Soil quality-Pretreatment of Samples for Physico-Chemical Analysis.


15. Boazar, C. 2014. Measurement of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in surfase sediments of North Azadegan Area, Hor-Al-Azim Wetland. MSc Thesis, Khouzestan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, 48-49 (In Persian).


16. Baumard,P.,Budzinski,H.,Garrigues,P. 1998. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in sediments and mussels of the western Mediterranean sea.Environmental Toxicological chemistry 17:765-776.


17. Li,J.,Chen,Y.,Dong,S.,Shim,H.2011. Determination of total petroleum hydrocarbons in agricultural soils near a petrochemical complex in Guangzhou,china.Environmental Monitoring and Assesment 184:281-287 DOI:10.1007


18. EPA.2005.pits pollution.ADC,USA.


19. Mokarram, M., Karimi, M., Mohammadi, M. 2012. Identification of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in sedments and soils od Deylam City. 6^th National conference of Geology, Payam-Noor University (In Persian).


20. Shakeri,A., Razi Kord Mahaleh, L., Esmaili, A. 2011. Study on total hydrocarbon, hydroaromatics and aliphatics in oil field soils of Boushehr City. 15^th National Conference on Geology Institute (In Persian).