Ability of Alfalfa Plant to Refine Soil Contaminated with Nickel and Lead
Subject Areas :
soil pollution
samad zahermand
1
,
mahmod vafaeian
2
,
Mohammed Hussain Bazyar
3
1 - Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
2 - Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran*(Corresponding Author)
3 - Department of Civil Engineering, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran.
Received: 2017-12-01
Accepted : 2019-08-07
Published : 2021-08-23
Keywords:
Heavy Metals,
Phytoremediation,
Soil pollution,
Environmental Indicators,
Abstract :
Background and Objective: In the recent decade, the issue of soil contamination with heavy metals such as nickel and lead is one of the most important environmental problems. According to data from the environmental protection agency, nickel is hazardous at large amounts and a dangerous pollutant and lead is the most important pollutant in the environment. This study was conducted to investigate the soil pollution status of Gachsaran refinery using environmental indicators of pollution coefficient, pollution degree index and modified pollution degree index and to investigate the potential of alfalfa refining plant which is native to Gachsaran region.Material and Methodology: From the soil of Gachsaran refinery in 2017 as the center of pollution, were selected four ranges of 0-500 meters, 1000-500 meters, 1500-1000 meters and 2000-1500 meters. In each range, 5 soil samples were taken from a depth of 0 to 30 cm. The ICP-OES device was used to determine heavy metals. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.Findings: The analysis of the environmental indicators of the studied area showed a significant degree of contamination for nickel and a high contamination rate for lead. Comparison of mean concentrations of nickel and lead in cultivated soil samples with alfalfa cultivars showed significant difference with mean nickel and lead concentrations in the studied area.Discussion and Conclusions: In general, Alfalfa as a native plant of the region in inappropriate pollution conditions can absorb and extraction nickel and lead from the soil. The final results of this study indicate that ability of alfalfa plant for phytoremediation of nickel in the soil contaminated with petroleum products is higher than that of lead in the Gachsaran refinery.
References:
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Xu, J. G., Johnson, R.L., 1995. Root growth, microbial activity and phosphatase activity in oil contaminated, remediated and uncontaminated soils planted to barley and field pea. Plant and Soil, 173, pp. 3-10.
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Miretzky, P., Saralegui, A., Fernandez Cirelli., A., 2004. Aquatic macrophytes potential for the simultaneous removal of heavy metals (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Chemosphere, Vol. 57, pp. 997-1005.
Parneyan A, Chorom M, Jafarzadeh Haghighi-Fard N, M. Dinarvand M., 2011. Phytoremediation of nickel from hydroponic system by hydrophyte coontail ceratophyllum demersum L.). ejgcst. Vol. 6, pp. 75-84 (in persian).
Matko Stamenkovic, U., Andrejic, G., Mihailovic, N., Sinzar-Sekulic, J., 2017. Peraccumulation of NI by Alyssum MURALE WALDST. & KIT. FROM ULTRAMAFICS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA. APPLIED ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, Vol. 15, pp. 359-372.
Alipour asadabadi, Z., Malekian, M., Soleimani, M. Contamination by Petroleum hydrocarbons and Heavy metals in Soils of Five Oil Refineries. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation Studies, Vol 23, pp. 273-284. (In persian)
Kamel, H. A., 2008. Lead Accumulation and its Effect on Photosynthesis and Free Amino Acids in Vicia faba Grown Hydroponically. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, pp. 438-446.
KILIC, S., KILIC, M., 2017. Effects of Cadmium-Induced Stress on Essential Oil Production, Morphology and PHysiology of Lemon Balm (MELISSA OFFICINALIS , LAMIACEAE). APPLIED ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, Vol. 15, pp. 1653-1669.
Khan, A. M., Yusoff, I., Abu Bakar, N. K., Abu Bakar, A. F., Alias, Y., 2016. Accumulation, Uptake and Bioavallability of RARE Earth Elements (REES) in Soil Grown Plants from Ex-Mining AREA in Perak, Malaysia. APPLIED ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, Vol.15, pp. 117-133.
Peralta-Videa, J.R., Gardea-Torresdey, J.L., Gomez, E., Tiemann, K.J., Parsons, J.G., Carrillo, G., 2002. Effect of mixed cadmium, copper, nickel and zinc at different pHs upon alfalfa growth and heavy metal uptake. Environmental Pollution, Vol. 119, pp. 291–301.
Turkian, K.K., Wedephol, K.H., 1961. Distribution of the elements in some major units of the earth crust. Geological Society of America Bulletin, Vol. 72, pp. 175-192.
Hakanson, L., 1980. Ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control, a sedimentological approach. Water Research, Vol. 14, pp. 975-1001.
Doumett, S., Lamperi, L., Checchini, L., Azzarello, E., Mugnai, S., Mancuso, S., Petruzzelli. G., Del Bubba, M., 2008. Heavy metal distribution between contaminated soil and Paulownia tomentosa, in a pilot-scale assisted phytoremediation study: Influence of different complexing agents. Chemosphere, Vol. 72, pp. 1481-1490.
Yoon, J., Cao, X., Zhou, Q., Ma, L.Q., 2006. Accumulation of Pb, Cu, and Zn in native plants growing on a contaminated Florida site. Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 368, pp. 456-464.
Alan J. M., M. Baker, S.P. McGrath, R.D. Reeves., Smith. J.A.C., 2000. Metal Hyperaccumulator Plants: a Review of the Metal-Polluted Soils, in Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soil and Water. Terry N. & Banuelos G. Ed., CRC Press LLC, pp. 85-107.
Merian, E., Anke, M., Ihnat, M., Stoeppler, M., 2004. Elements and their Compounds in the Environment. vol. 2, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.KGaa, weinheim.
Kabata, A., Pendias, H., 2010., Trace Metals in Soils and Plants, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fl, USA, 2nd edition, 548p.
Alloway, B. J., 1995. Heavy metals in soils. - Blackia Publisher, 368p.
Baker, A. J., Mcgrath, S. P., Reeves, R. D., Smith, A. J. C., 2000. Metal hyperaccumulator plants: a review of the ecology and physiology of biological resource for phytoremediation of metal-polluted soils. In: Terry, N., Ban˜ uelos, G. (Eds.), Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soil and Water. Lewis Publishers, CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton Florida, pp. 85–108.
Peralta, J. R., Gomez, E., Gardea Torresdey, J. L., Tiemann, K. J., Armenda´ riz, V., Herrera, I., Walton, J., Carrillo, G., Parsons, J. G., 2001b. Effect of metal concentration and soil pH upon heavy metal uptake and plant growth in alfalfa. Hazardous Substance Research Center 2001 Conference, Manhattan, Kansas.
Mehrabi, Gohar, E., Mosaynejad, M., 2011. Using of plants to eliminate soil contamination. The first National Conference 0n Botanical, February, Kerman, Iran. (In persian)
Khosravi Nodeh, M., Abbaspour, A., Ebrahimi, S. S., Asghari, H, r., 2013. Phytoremediation of a fuel oil-contaminated soil using alfalfa and grass with pseudomonas putida bacterium . Journal of Water and Soil Conservation Studies, Vol 20, Num 4, pp. 219- 234. (In persian)
Xu, J. G., Johnson, R.L., 1995. Root growth, microbial activity and phosphatase activity in oil contaminated, remediated and uncontaminated soils planted to barley and field pea. Plant and Soil, 173, pp. 3-10.
