Hypolipidemic effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) on serum lipid profile and PPAR-gamma gene expression in adipose tissue of hyperlipidemic male rats
Subject Areas :
Developmental biology of plants and animals , development and differentiation in microorganisms
Maryam Eidi
1
(Department of Biology, Biological Sciences College, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University)
Mahdieh Mohseni
2
(Department of Genetics, Biological Science College, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva, Iran)
Received: 2022-08-01
Accepted : 2022-12-22
Published : 2023-07-23
Keywords:
Fenugreek,
Rats,
Hyperlipidemia,
PPAR-gamma gene expression,
Abstract :
Hyperlipidemia is one of the most important risk factors of cardiovascular disease. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of hydro-methanolic extract of fenugreek on the serum lipids and PPAR-gamma gene expression in the adipose tissue of hyperlipidemic rats. Thirty-six adult male rats randomly were divided into 6 groups including normal group, control hyperlipidemic group (received 10% lipid in food), positive control hyperlipidemic rats (received atorvastatin at dose of 10 mg/kg, daily) and experimental hyperlipidemic rats (received extract at doses 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, daily). After 8 weeks and 12 h fastening, the animals were weighted and anesthetized by ether. The liver was removed and weighted. The blood and adipose tissue sampling were done. The weight gain, liver index, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, AST and ALT levels were measured by kit and PPAR-gamma gene expression in the adipose tissue was evaluated by real-time PCR. The results showed that oral treatment of atorvastatin and extract of fenugreek decreased weight gain, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, AST and ALT levels and PPAR-gamma gene expression in adipose tissue, while increased serum HDL level in experimental hyperlipidemic rats compared to control hyperlipidemic rats, significantly. So, the extract of fenugreek improved lipid profile and then down-regulated PPAR-gamma gene expression in adipose tissue.
References:
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Brouwers MC, van Greevenbroek MM, Stehouwer CD, de Graaf J, Stalenhoef AF. The genetics of familial combined hyperlipidaemia. Nat Rev Endocrinol, 2012; 8(6): 352-362.
Ezeh KJ, Ezeudemba O. Hyperlipidemia: A review of the novel methods for the management of lipids. Cureus, 2021; 13(7): e16412.
Tien N, Wu TY, Lin CL, Wu CJ, Hsu CY, Fang YJ, Lim YP. Impact of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and IBD medications on risk of hyperlipidemia and in vitro hepatic lipogenic-related gene expression: A population-based cohort study. Front Med, 2022; 9: 910623.
Rogue A, Lambert C, Jossé R, Antherieu S, Spire C, Claude N, Guillouzo A. Comparative gene expression profiles induced by PPARγ and PPARα/γ agonists in human hepatocytes. PLoS One, 2011; 6(4): e18816-10.
Acharya S, Srichamroen A, Basu S, Ooraikul B, Basu T. Improvement in the nutraceutical properties of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum). Songklanakarin. J Sci Technol, 2006; 28(1-9): 1-9.
Kumar D, Singhal A, Bansal S, Gupta SK. Extraction, islolation and evaluation Trigonella foenum-graecum as mucoadhesive agent for nasal gel drug delivery. J NPA, 2014; 27(1): 1-7.
Verma S, Bansal J, Kumar N, Malviya R, Sharma PK. Isolation and characterization studies of mucilage obtained from Trigonella foenum-graecum seed and Tamarindus indica polysaccharide as a pharmaceutical excipient. J Drug Delivery & Therapy, 2014; 4(3): 106-109.
Wani SA, Kumar P. Fenugreek: A review on its nutraceutical properties and utilization in various food products. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci, 2018; 17(2): 97-106.
Yadav R, Kaushik R, Gupta D. The health benefits of Trigonella foenum-graecum: a review. Int J Eng Res Appl, 2011; 1(1): 32-35.
Reddy GD, Reddy AG, Rao GS, Kumar MV. Pharmacokinetic interaction of garlic and atorvastatin in dyslipidemic rats. Indian J Pharmacol, 2012; 44(2): 246-252.
Roughani M, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Roghani Dehlordi F. Hypolipidemic effect of aqueous leaf extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum in diabetic rats. Iranian J Endocrinol Metab, 2005; 7(2): 167-171.
Roohbakhsh E, Barari AR, Abbaszadeh H. The effect of interval training and consuming fenugreek seed extract on Fgf21 and Vegf gene expression in patients with coronary artery diseases. Ofogh-E-Danesh, 2021; 27(2): 130-146.
Yousefi E, Zavoshy R, Noroozi M, Jahani Hashemi H, Zareiy S, Alizadeh K, Ziari K. Effect of oral administration of fenugreek seeds powdered on lipid profile. Ebnesina, 2015; 17(1): 33-38.
Muraki E, Hayashi Y, Chiba H, Tsunoda N, Kasono K. Dose-dependent effects, safety and tolerability of fenugreek in diet-induced metabolic disorders in rats. Lipids Health Dis, 2011; 10: 240.
Kassaee SM, Goodarzi MT, Kassaee SN. Ameliorative effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum on lipid profile, liver histology and LDL-receptor gene expression in high cholesterol-fed hamsters. Acta Endocrinol (Buc), 2021; 17(1): 7-13.
Mohammad-Sadeghipour M, Mahmoodi M, Noroozi Karimabad M, Mirzaei MR, Hajizadeh MR. Diosgenin and 4-hydroxyisoleucine from fenugreek are regulators of genes involved in lipid metabolism in the human colorectal cancer cell line SW480. Cell J, 2021; 22(4): 514-522.
Vijayakumar MV, Pandey V, Mishra GC, Bhat Hypolipidemic effect of fenugreek seeds is mediated through inhibition of fat accumulation and upregulation of LDL receptor. Obesity, 2010; 18(4): 667-674.
Ibarra A, He K, Bai N, Bily A, Roller M, Coussaert A, Provost N, Ripoll C. Fenugreek extract rich in 4-hydroxyisoleucine and trigonelline activates PPARα and inhibits LDL oxidation: Key mechanisms in controlling the metabolic syndrome. Nat Prod Commun, 2008; 3(9): 1509-1513.
Ilavenil S, Arasu MV, Lee JC, Kim DH, Roh SG, Park HS, Choi GJ, Mayakrishnan V, Choi Trigonelline attenuates the adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. Phytomedicine, 2014; 21(5): 758-765.
Zayed EA, Ainshoka AA, El-Shazly KA, El-Mosallamy AEMK, Zayed AA, El-Latif HAA. Fenugreek oil and metformin improve insulin resistance via increase of GLUT4 and PPARγ in metabolic syndrome‐induced rats. Asian J Res Reports Endocrinol, 2021; 4(1): 29-30.
Roberts KT. The potential of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) as a functional food and nutraceutical and its effects on glycemia and lipidemia. J Med Food, 2011; 14(12): 1485e1489.
Abedinzade M, Nasri S, Omidi MJ, Porramezan B, Khanaki K. The effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seed and 17-bestradiol on serum apelin, glucose, lipids and insulin in ovariectomized rats. Biotech Health Sci, 2015; 2(3): e30402.
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Altmann SW, Davis HR Jr, Zhu LJ, Yao X, Hoos LM, Tetzloff G, Iyer SP, Maguire M, Golovko A, Zeng M, Wang L, Murgolo N, Graziano MP. Niemann-pick C1 like 1 protein is critical for intestinal cholesterol absorption. Science, 2004; 303(5661): 1201-1204.
Brouwers MC, van Greevenbroek MM, Stehouwer CD, de Graaf J, Stalenhoef AF. The genetics of familial combined hyperlipidaemia. Nat Rev Endocrinol, 2012; 8(6): 352-362.
Ezeh KJ, Ezeudemba O. Hyperlipidemia: A review of the novel methods for the management of lipids. Cureus, 2021; 13(7): e16412.
Tien N, Wu TY, Lin CL, Wu CJ, Hsu CY, Fang YJ, Lim YP. Impact of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and IBD medications on risk of hyperlipidemia and in vitro hepatic lipogenic-related gene expression: A population-based cohort study. Front Med, 2022; 9: 910623.
Rogue A, Lambert C, Jossé R, Antherieu S, Spire C, Claude N, Guillouzo A. Comparative gene expression profiles induced by PPARγ and PPARα/γ agonists in human hepatocytes. PLoS One, 2011; 6(4): e18816-10.
Acharya S, Srichamroen A, Basu S, Ooraikul B, Basu T. Improvement in the nutraceutical properties of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum). Songklanakarin. J Sci Technol, 2006; 28(1-9): 1-9.
Kumar D, Singhal A, Bansal S, Gupta SK. Extraction, islolation and evaluation Trigonella foenum-graecum as mucoadhesive agent for nasal gel drug delivery. J NPA, 2014; 27(1): 1-7.
Verma S, Bansal J, Kumar N, Malviya R, Sharma PK. Isolation and characterization studies of mucilage obtained from Trigonella foenum-graecum seed and Tamarindus indica polysaccharide as a pharmaceutical excipient. J Drug Delivery & Therapy, 2014; 4(3): 106-109.
Wani SA, Kumar P. Fenugreek: A review on its nutraceutical properties and utilization in various food products. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci, 2018; 17(2): 97-106.
Yadav R, Kaushik R, Gupta D. The health benefits of Trigonella foenum-graecum: a review. Int J Eng Res Appl, 2011; 1(1): 32-35.
Reddy GD, Reddy AG, Rao GS, Kumar MV. Pharmacokinetic interaction of garlic and atorvastatin in dyslipidemic rats. Indian J Pharmacol, 2012; 44(2): 246-252.
Roughani M, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Roghani Dehlordi F. Hypolipidemic effect of aqueous leaf extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum in diabetic rats. Iranian J Endocrinol Metab, 2005; 7(2): 167-171.
Roohbakhsh E, Barari AR, Abbaszadeh H. The effect of interval training and consuming fenugreek seed extract on Fgf21 and Vegf gene expression in patients with coronary artery diseases. Ofogh-E-Danesh, 2021; 27(2): 130-146.
Yousefi E, Zavoshy R, Noroozi M, Jahani Hashemi H, Zareiy S, Alizadeh K, Ziari K. Effect of oral administration of fenugreek seeds powdered on lipid profile. Ebnesina, 2015; 17(1): 33-38.
Muraki E, Hayashi Y, Chiba H, Tsunoda N, Kasono K. Dose-dependent effects, safety and tolerability of fenugreek in diet-induced metabolic disorders in rats. Lipids Health Dis, 2011; 10: 240.
Kassaee SM, Goodarzi MT, Kassaee SN. Ameliorative effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum on lipid profile, liver histology and LDL-receptor gene expression in high cholesterol-fed hamsters. Acta Endocrinol (Buc), 2021; 17(1): 7-13.
Mohammad-Sadeghipour M, Mahmoodi M, Noroozi Karimabad M, Mirzaei MR, Hajizadeh MR. Diosgenin and 4-hydroxyisoleucine from fenugreek are regulators of genes involved in lipid metabolism in the human colorectal cancer cell line SW480. Cell J, 2021; 22(4): 514-522.
Vijayakumar MV, Pandey V, Mishra GC, Bhat Hypolipidemic effect of fenugreek seeds is mediated through inhibition of fat accumulation and upregulation of LDL receptor. Obesity, 2010; 18(4): 667-674.
Ibarra A, He K, Bai N, Bily A, Roller M, Coussaert A, Provost N, Ripoll C. Fenugreek extract rich in 4-hydroxyisoleucine and trigonelline activates PPARα and inhibits LDL oxidation: Key mechanisms in controlling the metabolic syndrome. Nat Prod Commun, 2008; 3(9): 1509-1513.
Ilavenil S, Arasu MV, Lee JC, Kim DH, Roh SG, Park HS, Choi GJ, Mayakrishnan V, Choi Trigonelline attenuates the adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. Phytomedicine, 2014; 21(5): 758-765.
Zayed EA, Ainshoka AA, El-Shazly KA, El-Mosallamy AEMK, Zayed AA, El-Latif HAA. Fenugreek oil and metformin improve insulin resistance via increase of GLUT4 and PPARγ in metabolic syndrome‐induced rats. Asian J Res Reports Endocrinol, 2021; 4(1): 29-30.
Roberts KT. The potential of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) as a functional food and nutraceutical and its effects on glycemia and lipidemia. J Med Food, 2011; 14(12): 1485e1489.
Abedinzade M, Nasri S, Omidi MJ, Porramezan B, Khanaki K. The effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seed and 17-bestradiol on serum apelin, glucose, lipids and insulin in ovariectomized rats. Biotech Health Sci, 2015; 2(3): e30402.
