The effect of growth regulators Mepiquat Chloride on the Growth parameters of the new Cultivars of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under salt stress

Subject Areas : Developmental biology of plants and animals , development and differentiation in microorganisms

Mostafa Jafari ¹ , sara saadatmand ² , Mohammad reza Zangi ³ , Alireza Iranbakhsh ⁴

1 - Department of Biology, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of Biology,Islamic Azad University,Science and Research branch ,Tehran
3 - Cotton Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran
4 - Department of Biology, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2018-01-14 Accepted : 2018-04-23 Published : 2017-11-22

Keywords: Salinity, Cotton, pix, plantlets stage,

Abstract :

Pix as a synthetic growth regulator is considered as an important management tools to reduce stress damage in modern agriculture in Cotton seed. In the present study, the effects of growth regulators Mepiquat Chloride (Pix) was investigated on the Growth characteristics Of the new cultivars of cotton to salinity stress.The experiment was done in a completely randomized design enriched with 10 gr.L-1 Pix and sodium chloride concentration of 15 ds.m-1 in pot experiment with three Cultivars including Latif, Kashmar and the Sahel. The indicated that growth parameters, including length and fresh and dry weight root had a significant decrease in salinity (p≤0.05) while using pix significantly increase this indicators. Salinity reduces length, fresh and dry weight shoot cotton and use of pix length shoot The amount was higher reduced. Salinity reduced leaf area and fresh and dry weight of leaf cotton. Using pix reduced greater amount of leaf area. Using Pix lead to significant increase in the fresh and dry weight in Kashmar cultivar compared to other cultivars and the leaf area reduction improved with increasing fresh and dry matter. Salinity reduced chlorophyll a,b and magnesium leaf cotton and Using Pix lead to significant increase in the chlorophyll a and b and magnesium leaf.

References:

 بررسی اثرات 1377 ( 1[ .] امین پور، ر. و م.ج. آقایی. شوری درمرحله جوانه زنی ارقام یونجه، چکیده پنجمین کنگره زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، کرج، صفحه: 278 .] انفرادی، الف.، پوستینی، ک.، مجنون حسینی، ن.،

2[ ). واکنش های 1381( طالعی، ع. و عطاری، الف.ع. فیزیولوژیکی ارقام کلزا در مرحله رویشی نسبت به تنش شوری. مجله علوم و فنون کشاورزی و منابع .103-112 طبیعی. سال هفتم. شماره چهارم صفحات: .)1392( ا.، پاکنژاد، ف. ، برزویی ، .] جمالی،س.س.

3[ خصوصیات ریشه، نسبت سدیم به پتاسیم و عملکرد دانه هفت ژنوتیپ گندم در شرایط تنش شوری،مجله شماره، علوم و فنون کشت های گلخانه ای سال پنجم 20. .) اثرات تنش 1382( .] حسنی، ع.

4[ های آبی و شوری کلرور سدیم بر برخی از خصوصیات موفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی ریحان. پایان نامه دکتری. دانشکده کشاورزی تربیت مدرس. .) اثر پیکس بر پنبه. پایان 1387( .] حبیبی، ع. ا

5[ نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرگان. .) تاثیر ماده شیمیای میپیکوات 1390( .] خیر جو، ع.

6[ کلراید روی گیاه پنبه. فصلنامه ی کاربرد شیمی در محیط زیست. سال دوم، شماره ،1390 .بهار6 ی .63 تا68 صفحات: ). بررسی اثرات تنش شوری و 1381( .] خدادادی، م.

7[ آماده سازی بذر بر ویژگی های فیزیولوژیکی و مورفولوژیکی ارقام پیاز خوراکی ایران. پایان نامه دکتری. گروه علوم باغبانب دانشگاه تربیت مدرس. ). اثرات 1391( .] دادرس، ن. ح، بشارتی. س، کتابچی.

8[ تنش شوری ناشی از کلرید سدیم بر رشد و تثبیت بیولوژیک نیتروژن در سه رقم سویا. مجله پژوهش .26 های خاک (علوم خاک و آب). جلد .165-174 . صفحات: 2 شماره .)1383( . خاوری نژاد، ر. ع. و فهیمی، ح ،. .] رضایی، م

9[ پاسخ فیزیولوژیکی گیاه پنبه به شوری های مختلف .17 خاک، مجله پژوهش و سازندگی در باغبانی دوره .81-89 . صفحات: 1 شماره

[10.] .)1386( صفر نژاد، ع.، سلامی، م. و حمیدی، ح. بررسی خصوصیات مورفولوژی گیاهان دارویی اسفرزه و بارهنگ در برابر تنش شوری. پژوهش و -160 . صفحات: 75 سازندگی در منابع طبیعی. شماره 153.

[11.] .) اثر 1390( عالیشاه، ع. نیاکان، م. غفوری، ش. پرایمینگ تنظیم کننده پیکس بر شاخص های رشد و سیستم آنتی اکسیدانی دانه رست پنبه در سطوح مختلف شوری. فصلنامه پژوهش های علوم گیاهی، .6 سال ششم، شماره ،23 شماره پیاپی

[12.].) ارزیابی 1388( عباسی، ف. ع، کوچکی. آ، جعفری. جوانه زنی و رشد رویشی گیاه روناس در غلظت های . مجله پژوهش Nacl مختلف های زراعی ایران. جلد .517-525 . صفحات: 2 . شماره 7

[13.] .)1389( قربانلی، م. ادیب هاشمی. فن و م. پیوندی. بررسی اثر شوری و اسید آسکوربیک در برخی پاسخ های فیزیولوژیکی در گیاه سیاه دانه. فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر .388-370 صفحات:،3 .شماره26 ایران.جلد

[14.] قوامی، ف.، م. ع. ملبویی، م. ر. قنادها، ب. یزدی ). بررسی 1382(. صمدی، ج. مظفری و م. ج. آقایی واکنش ارقام متحمل گندم ایرانی به تنش شوری در مرحله جوانه زنی و گیاهچه، مجله علوم کشاورزی .464 -453 ) صفحه: 2( 35ایران.

[15.] مسرت، ن. سیادت، ع. ا. شرفی زاده، م. و حبیبی، خ. .) تأثیر هالوپرایمینگ و هیدروپرایمینگ بر 1392(جوانه زنی بذر و رشد اولیه گیاهچه ذرت رقم هیبرید تحت تنش شوری و خشکی، فصلنامه علمی SC704 پژوهشی فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی- دانشگاه آزاد .19 اسلامی واحد اهواز- سال پنجم، شماره

[16.] ). تشریح روش 1365( منطقی، ن. ها و بررسی آزمایشگاهی روی نمونه های خاک و آب. موسسه .168 تحقیقات خاک و آب. نشریه شماره

[17.] میر قاسمی، س. ج. رضایی، م. ع. عالیشاه، ع.، .) تاثیر تنش شوری بر میزان تجمع 1388( شابدین، م. آنتوسیانین، پرولین و گلایسین بتائین در ارقام تجاری Gossypium ( پنبه .) فصلنامه hirsutum L. پژوهش سال ،13 های علوم گیاهی، شماره پیاپی .1 چهارم، شماره

[18.] یزدانی بیوکی، ر. پ، رضوانی مقدم. ح، خزاعی. ر، .) اثرات تنش 1389 ( قربانی. های شوری و خشکی بر خصوصیات جوانه زنی بذر ماریتیغال. نشریه پژوهش . صفحات: 1 . شماره 8 های زراعی ایران، جلد 19-12.

[19]. Agastiana, P., Kingsley, S. J., Vivekanaadan, M. (2000). Effect of salinity on photosynthesis and biochemical characteristics in mulberry genotypes. Photosynthetica 38:287-290.

[20]. Albers, David, W. (1994). Plant Growth Regulators for Cotton. Area Agronomy Specialist, Mississippi County.

[21]. Ashraf, M. and Foolad, M.R., (2005). Presowing seed treatment-a shotgun approach to improve germination, plant growth, an_d crop yield under saline an_d non-saline conditions. Advances in Agronomy, 88: 223-271.

[22]. Bayuelo Jimenez, J.S., Debouk, D.G., Lynch, J.P., (2002). Salinity tolerance in phaseolus species during early vegetative growth. Crop Si. 42, 2184–2192. Crop Si., 42 (2002), pp. 2184-2192

[23]. Beadle. C. L., Long, S.P., Imbaba, S.R., Hall, D.O. And Olembo, R.L. (1985). Photosynthesis in relation to plant production in terrestrial environments. Tyccoly publishing for UNEP.OXford

[24]. Behringer, F., Cosgrove, D., Reid, J., and Davies, P. (1990). Physical basis for altered
stem elongation rates in internode length mutants of Pisum. Plant Physiol. 94:166–173.

[25]. Berkowitz, G.A. (2000). Photosynthesis. Section(17) Pages 226-237.Black Will

[26]. Biles, S.P., and Cothern, J, T. (2001). Flowering and yield response of cotton to application of mepiquat chloride and PGR-IV. Crop Sci. 41: 1834-1837

[27]. Cicek, N., Cakirlar, H. (2002). The effect of salinity on some physiological parameters in two maize cultivar. BULG. Journal Plant Physiology, 28: 66-74.

[28]. Dalton, R.G., P.M. Eddiep, and M.Carnlucas. (1994). Antioxidant response to Nacl stress in salt- tolerant and salt- sensitive cultivars of cotton. Published in Crop Sci. 34: 706-714.

[29]. Demir Kaya, M., Gamze Okc¸ u.,Atak ,M. an_d Yakup C.(2006). Seed treatments to overcome salt an_d drought stress during germination insunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Europ. J. Agronomy 24 (2006) 291–295.

[30]. Etrat, Noor, F.M. Azhar And Asif Ali Khan.(2001). Differences in Responses of Gossypium hirsutum L. Varieties to NaCl Salinity at Seedling Stage . International Journal Of Agriculture & Biology 1560– 8530/2001/03–4–345–347

[31]. Fahramand, M., Mahmoody, M., Keykha, A., Noor, M., Rigi, K. (2014). Influence of abiotic stress on proline, Photosynthetic enzymes and growth. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences . Available online at www.irjabs.com ISSN 2251-838X / Vol, 8 (3): 257-265

[32]. Fidalgo, F., A. Santos, I. Santos, and R. Salema. (2004). Effect of long-term salt stress on antioxidant defense system, leaf water relations and chloroplast ultra-structure of potato plant. Ann. Appl. Biol. 145:185–192.

[33]. ]Hake, K., T.A. Kerby, W. McCarthy, D. O'Neal, and J. Supak. (1991). Physiology of PIX®. Physiology Today 2:6. La. Coop. Ext. Serv., Louisiana State University Agric. Center, Baton Rouge, LA, and The National Cotton Council of America, Memphis, TN.

[34]. Habib, F., Akram, Z., Akhtar, J., Hussain,S., Mansoor, M..(2014). Assessment of variations in growth and ionic concentration of salt tolerant and sensitive cotton genotypes. Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. Sci. Agri. 7 (2): 105-110

[35]. Havargi, R. (2007). Mitigation drought stress through plant growth regulators in Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) cotton. Master of Science (agriculture) Thesis in crop physiology. Department of Crop Physiology. College of Agriculture, Dharwad. University of Agricultural Science.

[36]. Hodges, H.F., Reddy, V.R. and Reddy, K.R. (1991). mepiquat chloride and temperature effects on photosynthesis and respiration of fruiting cotton.Crop Sci. 35: 1302-1308

[37]. Hoffman, D. J. (2002). Role of selenium toxicity and oxidative stress in aquatic birds. Aquat. Toxicol. 57, 11–26.

[38]. Huang, H. and Redman, R. E. (1995). Salt tolerance of Hourdum and Brassiea species during germination and early seedling growth.Can.J.Plant.Sci.75:815-819

[39]. Ibrahim, M., Akhtar, J., Younis, M., Riaz, A.M., Anwar-ul-Haq, M., Tahir, M.(2007). Selection of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes against NaCl stress. Soil & Environ. 26(1): 59-63

[40]. Iqbal, M. and M. Ashraf. (2007). Seed preconditioning modulates growth, ionic relations, and photosynthetic capacity in adult plants of hexaploid wheat under salt stress. J. Plant Nutr. 30(3): 381-396.

[41]. Jaleel, C.A., Manivannan, P., Abdul Wahid, F., Al-Jubruni, H. J., Somasundaram, R., Panneerselvam, R. (2009). Drought Stress in Plants: A Review on Morphological Characteristics and Pigments Composition. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology Issn Print: 1560–8530; ISSN Online: 1814– 9596 08–305/IGC-DYT/2009/11–1–100–105

[42]. Jamil, M., Chunlee, C., Rehman, S.U., Baelee, D., Ashraf, M., Rha, E.S. (2005). Salinity (NaCl) tolerance of Brassica species at germination and early seedling growth. Ejeafch. 4(4):970-976.

[43]. Jonathan, D. S. and M. S. Alexander. (2006). 'Influence of plant density on cotton response to mepiquat chloride application'. Agro. J. 98: 1634-1639.

[44]. Joseph, T. J. and T. P. Johnson. (2006). 'Effect of mepiquat pentaborate on cotton cultivars with different maturities'. J. Cot. Sci. 10: 128‐ 135.

[45]. Jost, P., Whitaker, J. Steve, M.B., and Bednarz, C. (2006). Use of Plant Growth Regulators as a Management tool in Cotton.Georgia Cotton Production Guide: 37-39.

[46]. Khan, M.A., Aziz., B .( 2003). Action of plant growth regulators and salinity on seed germination of ceratoides lanata. Botany and Range Science. 82: 37-42.

[47]. Koca, M., Bor M., Ozdemir, F., Turkan, I. (2007): The effect of salt stress on lipid peroxidation, antioxidative enzymes and proline content of sesame cultivars.Environ. Exp. Bot., 60: 344–351.

[48]. Kook, H., Park, T. Il., Khatoon, A., Rahman, S and Yun, S.J. (2009). Avoidance of Sodum Accumulation In The Shoot Confers Tolerance To Salt Stress In Cultivarted Barley. Pak. J. Bot., 41(4): 1751-1758

[49]. Larsen, B. K., and Schlenk, D. (2001). Effect of salinity on flavin-containing monooxygenase expression and activity in rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) J Comp Physiol B. 2001;171:421–429. [PubMed]

[50]. Liusheng, Duan., Tian, Xiaoli., Zhang, Yi., Tang, Zuoshun., Zhai, Zhixi and He Zhongpei. (2005). Effects of Mepiquat Chloride on Lateral Roots Initiation of Cotton Seedling and Its Mechanism. China Agriculture University, #2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Beijing 100094, P. R. China, http://www.cau.edu.cn/ Email [e-mail]

[51]. Meloni, D.A., M.A. Oliva, C.A. Martinez, J. Cambraia, (2003). Photosynthesis and activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and glutathione reductase in cotton under salt stress. Environ..Exp. Bot., 49, 69-76.

[52]. Mer, R.K. P.K. Prajith, D.H. Pandya, and A.N. Dandey. (2000). Growth of young plants of Hourdum Vulgare, Tritieum aeistium.Cicer arienum and Brassica Juncea. J. Agronomy& Crop Science.186:209-217

[53]. Munns, R. (2002). Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant Cell Environ., 25: 239–250.

[54]. Netondo , G. W., J. C. Onyango, an_d Beck,E. (2004). Sorghum an_d salinity : I. Response of growth, water relation, an_d ion accumulation to NaCl salinity. Crop Science. 44:797-805.

[55]. Niakan ,M., A. Habibi and M. Goorbanli. (2012). 'Effect of pix on Germination, growth, carbohydrates and antioxidant enzymes in cotton seed. Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology 1 (4), 301 – 307.

[56]. Oosterhuis, Derrick., William, Robertson. (2000). The Use Of plant Growth Regulators And Other Additives In Cotton Production Proceeding of the 2000 Cotton Research Meeting

[57]. Ozarsland (2002). Physical properties of cotton seed. Biosystem Engineering. 83:169-174.

[58]. Pal, M., D.K. Singh, L.S. Rao, K.P. Singh, (2004). Photosynthetic characteristics and activity of antioxidant enzymes in salinity tolerant and sensitive rice cultivars. Indian J. Plant Physiol., 9, 407-412.

[59]. Parida, A.K., Das, A.B. (2005). Salt tolerance and salinity effect on plants: a review. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 60: 324–349.

[60]. Potter, I., and S. Fry. (1993). Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase activity in pea internodes. Plant Physiol. 103:235–241.

[61]. Qadir, M and. M.. (1997). some agronomic and physiological aspects of salt tolerance in cotton (Gossypiunm hirsutum L.) gournal of Agronomy and crop Science. 179(2)p:101-106.

[62]. Reddy, V.R., Baker, D., Nand, H., Hodges, F. (1990). Temperature and mepiquat chloride effects on cotton canopy architecture. Agron. J. 82:190–195.

[63]. Reddy, V.R., Trent, A. and Acock, B. (1992). Mepiquat chloride and irrigation versus cotton growth and development. Agron. J. 84:930– 933.

[64]. Robinson, M., Anne-Alienrrery, T., Dodle, Sanders and Mans Field, T. A. (1997). How can stomata contribute to salinity tolerance? Annals of Botany.80:387-393.

[65]. Sairam, R.K., Tyagi, A. (2004): Physiology and molecular biology of salinity stress tolerance in plants. Curr. Sci., 86: 407–421

[66]. Saleh, B. (2011). Effect of salt stress (NaCl) on biomass and K+ /Na+ ratio in cotton. J. Stress. Physiol. Biochem., 7: 05-14.

[67]. Saranga, Y., Jiang, CX., Wright, RJ., Yakir, D., Paterson, AH. (2004). Genetic dissection of cotton physiological responses to arid conditions and their inter-relationships with productivity. Plant Cell Environ 2004, 27:263277.

[68]. Shahid Pervaiz, M. Saqib, Javaid Akhtar, M. Atif Riaz, M. Anwar-ul-Haq and M. Nasim.(2007). Comparative Growth And Leaf Ionic Composition Of Four Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Genotypes In Response To Salinity. Pak. J. Agri. Sci., Vol. 44(1),2007

[69]. Silvertooth, J.C., Malcuit, J.ED., Howell, R. and Farr, C.R. (1990). PIX multiple application evaluations in Arizona on Upland and Pima cotton. p. 50–56. In Cotton. A College of Agriculture Report. Ser. P-81. Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

[70]. Singh, H. )2010(. Pix spraying in cotton enhances cutting times, yield and seed vigor. Indian Journal of Agronomy 8: 22-26.

[71]. Stepien, P., Klobus, G. (2006). Water relations and photosynthesi in Cucumis sativus L. leaves
under salt stress. Biologia Plantarum, 50(40), 610-616.

[72]. Stewart, A.M. (2005). Suggested guidelines for plant growth regulator use on Louisiana cotton. Louisiana State Univ. AgCenter Publ. 2918. Available at www.lsuagcenter.com/NR/rdonlyres/8E3A214 5-FCFD-43EB 9C3F0B7D4F1540E4/12012/pub2918cotton1.pdf (accessed 20 June 2006; verified 27 Aug. (2006). Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA

[73]. Stuart, B.L., Isbell, V.R., Wendt, C.W. and Abernathy, R. J. (1984). Modification of cotton water relations and growth with mepiquat chloride.Agron.j.76:651-655

[74]. Taiz, L. and Zeiger, E. (1998). Plant Physiology. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates, Inc.

[75]. Weiping, C., Hou, Z., Wu, L., Liang, Y and Wei, C. (2009). Effects of salinity and nitrogen on cotton growth in arid environment. Plant soil, Volume 326, Numbers 1-2 / January, 2010. p: 61-73

[76]. Yeo, A.R., Flowers, S.A., Rao, A., Welfare, K., Senayake, N. & Flowers, T.J. (1999). silikon reduces sodium uptake in rice Oriza sativa L. in saline conditions and this is accounted for by a rduction in the transpirational bypass flow. Plant Cell and Environment.22:559-565.

[77]. Zhang .H.B., Li .Y., Wang .B., w. p.w. (2008). Recent Advances in Cotton Genomics. Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Plant Genomics Volume 2008, pages 20

[78]. Zhang, H.X., Blumwald, E. (2001). Transgenic salt-tolerant tomato plants accumulate salt in foliage but not in fruit. Nature Biotechnology 19, 765- 768.

[79]. Zhang, S., Cothren, J. T. and. Lorenz, E. J. (1990). Mepiquat chloride seed treatment and germination temperature effects on cotton growth, nutrient partitioning, and water use efficiency. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, Volume 9, Numbers 1-4 / December, 1990, 195-199

[80]. Zhao, D., and Oosterhuis, D.M. (2000). Pix plus and mepiquat chloride effects on physiology, growth, and yield of field-grown cotton. J. Plant Growth Regul. 19:415–422.