Study of TEM and SHV B-lactamase genes in gentamicin resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolated from consumption red meats.

Subject Areas : Developmental biology of plants and animals , development and differentiation in microorganisms

Rezvan Shirvani ¹ , Mohammadreza Mehrabi ² , Mohsen Mirzaee ³

1 - Borujerd Azad university
2 - Islamic Azad University
3 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بروجرد

Received: 2017-01-24 Accepted : 2017-02-12 Published : 2017-02-19

Keywords: polymerase chain reaction, Enterococcus faecalis, Gentamicins,

Abstract :

Background and Objectives: Enterococci are part of normal flora of the human gastrointestinal tract. The ability to obtain antibiotic resistance genes, causes new problems in treatment. Enterococcus faecalis is one of the bacteria contaminating the meat and cause significant infections in humans. So the purpose of this study was evaluation prevalence of bla TEM and bla SHV genes in gentamicin resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolated from consumption meats. Materials and methods: 181 Enterococcus isolates were collected from consumption meats in Boroujerd slaughterhouse. Bacteria were identified by routine microbiological tests. The antibiotic susceptibility testing on isolates by disk diffusion method according to the CLSI was performed. Finally, to assess the frequency of bla TEM and bla SHV genes in gentamicin resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolated from consumption meats were performed by using PCR and specific primers. Results: Out of the 181 isolates 81 cases (44.75%) were E. faecalis. The results of the antibiogram test, showed that 96.29% of bacteria were resistance to erythromycin, 56.79% to penicillin, 41.96% to tetracycline, 39.50% to ampicillin,39.50% to choloroamfenicol,15.86% to Linezolid, 8.64% to Gentamicins, 4.83% to Streptomycin, 2.46% to Meropenem,3.70% to ciprofloxacin and in the strains gentamicin resistant bla TEM and bla SHV genes not found. Conclusion: Given that this fact the genes producing Betalactamase enzymes are easily transferred via plasmids, lack of tracking the mentioned genes among the studied bacteria suggests, these genes are not transferred along with genes inducing resistance to gentamicin. thus rational and significant relationship between these genes and investigated antibiotic was not observed.

References:

[1] Arbour N, etal.(2008). Real-time PCR detection of VRE. Spartan Bio sci;1(3):203-15.

[2] Arias CA, Murray BE.( 2012). The rise of the Enterococcus: beyond vancomycin resistance. Nat. Rev. Microbiol;10(4):26678.

[3] Aslam M,etal.( 2012). Characterization of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in Enterococcus spp. Isolated from retail meats in Alberta, Canada. Int. J. Food Microbiol;156(3):222-30..

[4] Brooks G,etal.(2015). Med. Microbiol.: Placebo doo;

[5] Chouchani C, El Salabi A, Marrakchi R, Ferchichi L, Walsh TR. (2012). First report of mefA and msrA/msrB multidrug efflux pumps associated with bla TEM-1 β lactamase in Enterococcus faecalis. Int. J. Infect. Dis; 16(2): e104-e9.

[6] Emaneini M, Aligholi M, Aminshahi M. (2008). Characterization of glycopeptides, aminoglycosides and macrolide resistance among Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates from hospitals in Tehran. Pol J Microbiol; 57(2): 173.

[7] Facklam R, Collins M. (1989). Identification of Enterococcus species isolated from human infections by a conventional test scheme. J. Clin. Microbiol; 27(4): 731-4.

[8] Franz CM, Grube A, Herrmann A, Abriouel H, Stärke J, Lombardi A, et al. (2002). Biochemical and genetic characterization of the two-peptide bacteriocin enterocin 1071 produced by Enterococcus faecalis FAIR-E 309. Appl. Environ. Microbiol; 68(5): 2550-4.

[9] George JA, Munoz-Price L. (2005). Mechanisms of disease the new-lactamase. N Engl J Med; 325: 380-91.

[10] Hayes JR, English LL, Carter PJ, Proescholdt T, Lee KY, Wagner DD, et al. (2003). Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus species isolated from retail meats. Appl. Environ. Microbiol; 69 (12):7153-60.

[11] Helfand MS, Bonomo RA. (2005). Current challenges in antimicrobial chemotherapy: the impact of extended-spectrum βlactamases and metallo-β-lactamases on the treatment of resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol; 5(5): 452-8.

[12] Hashemizadeh Z, Bazargani A, Emami A, Rahimi M. (2010). Acinetobacter antibiotic resistance and. requency of ESBLproducing strains in ICU patients of Namazi Hospital (2008-2009). J Qazvin Univ Med Sci; 14(2): 47-53.

[13] Jahan M, Holley RA. (2014). Incidence of virulence factors in enterococci from raw and fermented meat and biofilm forming capacity at 25 C and 37 C. Int. J. Food Microbiol; 170: 65-9.

[14] Jahan M, Krause DO, Holley RA. (2013). Antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus species from meat and fermented meat products isolated by a PCR-based rapid screening method. Int. J. Food Microbiol; 163(2): 89-95.

[15] Karimi M, Mehrabian S, RAFIEI TR, Samiai B. (2010). A study on microbial properties of mechanically deboned chicken meat in meat plan of Tehran. J Food Technol Nutr; 27(3): 52-58.

[16] Klare I, Heier H, Claus H, Witte W. (1993). Environmental strains of Enterococcus faecium with inducible highlevel resistance to glycopeptides. FEMS Microbiol. Lett; 106(1): 23-9.

[17] Mohammadi F, Tabaraie B, Sadeghifard N. (2010). Evaluation of drug resistance frequency ƱřŹŚƨưƷ ƹ $! among Entrococcus faecium and E. faecalis strains and detection of vanA/B genes in vancomycin resistance isolated by PCR method in Ilam and Kermanshah hospitals. Sci J Ilam Unive Med Sci; 19: 1-8.

[18] Murray BE. (1990). The life and times of the Enterococcus. Clin. Microbiol Rev; 3(1): 46-65.

[19] Norouzi J, Vali GR, Yousefi H. (2004). Surveying the effects of different methods 

of utations on the ntibiotic resistance patterns and plasmids in E. Coli and Staph. Aureus. Feyz J Kashan Univ Med Sci; 8(1): 1-8.

[20] Poole K. (2004). Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. Cell Mol Life Sc; 61(17): 220023.

[21] Pornour M, REZA NM, Mobayen H, Mobasher A. (2010). Molecular Study of TEM Type Extended-Spectrum Beta Lactamase Genes in Escherichia Coli and Klebseilla Pneumoniae Isolates. Med J Tabriz Univ Med Sci; 2(32): 30-34.

[22] Roberts T. (2005). Economics of private strategies to control foodborne pathogens. J.AAEA;20(2): 117-122.

[23] Sood S, Malhotra M, Das B, Kapil A. Enterococcal infections & antimicrobial resistance. Indian J. Med. Res.111-(2)128.

[24] Vrabec M, etal. (2015). Antibiotic resistance and prevalence of Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli isolated from bryndza cheese. Ital. J. Anim. Sci; 14(4): 3968.