Evaluation of Coagulation Marker Frequency and Their Relationship with Disease Severity in COVID-19 Patients

Subject Areas : Journal of Chemical Health Risks

Ahmad Ghaderi ¹ , Latife Jabbary ² , Nahid Zamani Mehr ³ , Kourosh Akhbar ⁴ , Darab Zohri ⁵ , Leila Azizkhani ^{6 *}

1 - Kurdestan Medical Sciences Surgery Resident, Kurdestan Univercsty of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
3 - Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdestan Univercsty of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
4 - Department of Emergency Medicine, Kosar Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
5 - Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdestan Univercsty of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
6 - Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

Received: 2024-10-28 Accepted : 2025-02-08 Published : 2025-06-15

Keywords: Virus, Covid-19, Coagulation markers, D-dimer, Disease severity, Prothrombin time,

Abstract :

 

 COVID-19 has been shown to significantly impact the body's coagulation system, leading to various blood clotting abnormalities. This study aimed to assess the frequency of coagulation markers and their correlation with disease severity in COVID-19 patients admitted to Towhid Hospital in Sanandaj in 2021.In this cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study, data from 300 COVID-19 patients were analyzed. Blood samples were collected upon hospital admission, with results documented in patient records. The study examined coagulation test results, including age, gender, D-dimer levels, aPTT, INR, and prothrombin time, and explored their relationship with disease severity indicators such as hospital stay duration, ICU admission, and mortality. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata software, with a significance threshold set at 0.05.Of the participants, 55% were male, and 45% were female. Patients under the age of 30 accounted for 17.33% of the cohort (the smallest group), while those over 60 comprised 50.33% (the largest group). Additionally, 52.33% of the participants had pre-existing conditions. ICU admission was required for 19% of the patients, and the mortality rate was 12%. The average length of hospital stay was 7.04 days (SD = 5.06 days). T-test analyses showed significant associations between elevated D-dimer levels and ICU admission, increased D-dimer and aPTT levels with mortality, and higher aPTT levels in patients with underlying conditions (P < 0.0001). COVID-19 appears to have a significant impact on the hematologic system, often presenting with leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and a hypercoagulable state. Close monitoring of coagulation markers throughout the clinical course can help healthcare providers identify patients at higher risk of complications. Given the increased coagulability and hematologic abnormalities observed in these patients, physicians should promptly initiate appropriate interventions, such as anticoagulant therapy, to prevent thromboembolic events and improve patient outcomes.

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