Effect of Salicylic Acid on Morpho-physiological Characteristics of Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) in
In Vitro and Field Conditions
Subject Areas :
Journal of Crop Ecophysiology
Hassan Nourafcan
1
1 - Horticultural Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran.
Received: 2017-12-30
Accepted : 2018-08-29
Published : 2018-08-23
Keywords:
tissue culture,
Spraying,
in vivo,
abiotic elicitor,
Elicitors,
Abstract :
Salicylic acid (SA) is a natural phenolic and a hormone like compound, and its different concentrations and treatment duration cause many actions and reactions in plants. Thus, two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid on morphological and physiological characteristics of lemon verbena as an ornamental and medicinal plant in in vitro and field conditions at Miyaneh, Iran. In tissue culture conditions, five concentrations of SA including 0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 μM were added to MS culture medium and their effects on lemon verbena growth indices were evaluated. Increasing SA concentrations caused increment in chlorotic leaf number but decrement in normal plantlet percentage and lateral shoots number in lemon verbena explants. However, in low concentrations of SA, longest shoot length, leaf number and chlorophyll content were increased. Although all concentrations of SA improved shoot fresh weight in lemon verbena explants. Under field condition, the effect of salicylic acid at 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 μM concentrations, non spray and spray with distilled water, were evaluated on morphological and physiological traits of lemon verbena. Salicylic acid affected significantly leaf width, inflorescence number, fresh inflorescence and leaf weights and the longest inflorescence length. The negative effect of SA application on leaf width and number and fresh weight of inflorescence was observed. But leaf fresh weight and inflorescence length improved especially in low SA concentrations. Therefore, application of low SA concentrations, because of their enhancing potential effect on vegetative growth of lemon verbena both in field and tissue culture conditions can be recommended.
References:
· Eshghi, S., S. Moharami, and B. Jamali. 2017. Effect of salicylic acid on growth, yield and fruit quality of strawberry cv. ‘Paros’ under salinity conditions. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture. 7(4): 163-174. (In Persian).
· Eskandari Zanjani, K., A.H. Shirani Rad, A. Moradi Agdam, and T. Taherkhani. 2013. Effect of salicylic acid application under salinity conditions on physiologic and morphologic characteristics of Artemisia (Artemisia annua L.). Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 6(4): 415-428. (In Persian).
· Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadi, S., and M. Sharifi. 2013. Increasing the production of plant secondary metabolites using biotic elicitors. Journal of Cell and Tissue. 4(2): 119-128. (In Persian).
· Ghaemi, E., D. Khorshidi, A. Moradi, A. Seifi, M. Mazendrani, and M. Bazouri. 2006. The effect of ethanol extract of lemon verbena on the skin infection due to Staphylococcus aureus in an animal model. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 22(3): 242-249. (In Persian).
· Gharib, F.A.L. 2006. Effect of salicylic acid on the growth, metabolic activities and oil content of basil and marjoram. International Journal of Agricultural and Biology. 8(4):458-492.
· Habibi, G., Z. Sadeghipour, and R. Hajiboland. 2015. Effect of salicylic acid on tobacco (Nicotiana rustica) plant under drought conditions. Iranian Journal of Plant Biology. 7(25): 17-28. (In Persian).
· Kheirkhah, M., M. Farazi, A. Dadkhah, and A. Khoshnood. 2016. Application of glycine, tufool and salicylic acid in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under drought conditions. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 10(1): 167-182. (In Persian).
· Moaveni, P. 2009. Medicinal plants. Islamic Azad University-Qods Branch Publication. 398 pp. (In Persian).
· Mohebalipour, N. 2011. Effect of growth regulators on the amount of citral of Melissa officinalis L. ecotypes in in vitro culture conditions and their genetic analysis using ISSR markers. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Tabriz. 166 pp.
· Mousavi, H., N. Mahdi Nezhad, B. Fakheri, M. Majdi, and F. Heidari. 2017. Effects of some nanoparticles on expression of germacrene A synthase (TpGAS) and parthenolide synthase (TpPTS) genes in Tanacetum parthenium L. under water deficit stress. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 33(2): 314-324. (In Persian).
· Najafiyan, S., M. Negahban, A. Tarakemeh, and S.M. Ghasemiyan. 2009. Effect of salicylic acid on some morphological and physiological characteristics of chamomile. 6th Iranian Horticultural Science Congress. Rasht. Iran. 1117-1119.
· Nourafcan, H. 2014a. Effect of salicylic acid on salinity stress tolerance improvement of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) in greenhouse conditions. Agroecology Journal (Modern Science of Sustainable Agriculture Journal). 10(2(2)): 85-95. (In Persian).
· Nourafcan, H. 2014b. Elicitors, precursors and culture medium components effects on some growth characteristics, citral percentage and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora H.B.K.) in vitro and greenhouse conditions. Ph.D. Thesis. Islamic Azad University - Science and Research Branch, Tehran. 172 pp.
· Nourafcan, H., and A. Mahboubi. 2017. The effect of salicylic acid foliar spraying on morphophysiological characteristics of Common mallow and Moldavian balm. Agroecology Journal. 13(3): 25-33. (In Persian).
· Nourafcan, H., and F. Ansari. 2017. The effect of MS and B5 media on growth indices of lemon verbena in in vitro condition. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science. 48(1): 249-252. (In Persian).
· Nourafcan, H., F. Sefidkon, A. Mousavi, M. Sharifi, and A. Khalighi. 2014. Effects of different medium on morphophysiological traits of Lippia citriodora H.B.K. during in vitro culture condition. Journal of Herbal Drugs. 5(3): 143-150. (In Persian).
· Oladzad, A., A. Qaderi, H. Naghdi Badi, and A. Zare. 2012. Rapid micropropagation of lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora L.) using in vitro culture. Journal of Medicinal Plants. 2(42):145-153. (In Persian).
· Pasandi Pour, A., H. Farahbakhsh, M. Saffari, and B. Karamat. 2013. The effect of salicylic acid on some physiological reactions of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) under salinity stress. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 7(2): 215-228. (In Persian).
· Pashmforosh, N. and M. Ahmadabadi. 2017. In vitro regeneration of red nightshade from different explants and evaluation of gene transfer using a biolistic gun. Genetic Engineering and Biosafety Journal. 5(2): 167-177. (In Persian).
· Raei, M., M. Esna Ashari, and M. Khodayari. 2017. Abiotic Elicitors and Medicinal Plants Biotechnology. Journal of Cell and Tissue. 7(4): 333-343. (In Persian).
· Rahimi Ashtiani, S., T. Hasanloo, and M.R. Bihamta. 2009. Using yeast extract as an approach to increase flavonolignans content in cell suspension culture of milk thistle plant via elicitation mechanism. Journal of Medicinal Plants. 4 (32):108-119. (In Persian).
· Raoa, S.R., and G.A. Ravishankar. 2002. Plant cell cultures: Chemical factories of secondary metabolites. Biotechnology Advances. 20(2): 101-153.
· Severin, C., D. Bruzzese, O. Di Sapio, M. Gattuso, and S. Gattuso. 2006. Evaluation of in vitro behavior of Aloysia citriodora Palau: histological and chemical study. Molecular Medicinal Chemistry. 11: 19-20.
· Shekari, F., A. Pakmehr, M. Rastgoo, M. Vazayefi, and M.J. Goreishi Nasab. 2010. Effect of salicylic acid seed priming on some physiological traits of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata l.) under water deficit at podding stage. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 4(13): 13-30. (In Persian).
· Taheri Azizabadi, H., N.A. Bagheri, and N.A. Babaeian Jelodar. 2016. The optimization of callus induction and regeneration in medicinal Lemon Verbena (Lippia citriodora) plant. Journal of Plant Process and Function. 5(17): 53-62. (In Persian).
· Tohidi, M., and R. Falahi. 2016. Evaluation of yield and yield components of maize by foliar application of salicylic acid. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 10(3): 645-656. (In Persian).
· Tran-Thi, N.T., H. Casabianca, M. Florence, and G. Loustalot. 2006. Authenticity control of essential oils containing citronellal and citral by chiral and stable-isotope gas-chromatographic analysis. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 386: 2141–2152.
· Yadegari, M., and A. Shakerian. 2014. The effect salicylic acid and jasmonic acid foliar applications on essence and essential oil of salvia (Salvia officinalis L.). Journal of Applied Science and Agriculture. 9(4): 1578-1584.
· Zangeneh, V., G. Asghari, and A. Ehsanpour. 2010. Influence of salicylic acid on atropine production in Datura metel L. callus cultures. Pharmaceutical Sciences. 16(1): 29-36.
Zargari, A. 1997. Medicinal plants. Tehran University Publication. 969 pp. (In Persian).
_||_
