Critical Interference Period of Weeds with Rice ‎ ‎(Oryza sativa L.) in Mazandaran ‎

Subject Areas : Journal of Crop Ecophysiology

Rahmatollah Salehi Zarkhouni ¹ , Saeed Vazan ² , Hemmatollah Pirdashti ³ , Ali Kashani ⁴ , Farid Golzardi ⁵

1 - Islamic Azad University of Karaj, Agriculture Department, Karaj, Iran.
2 - Islamic Azad University of Karaj, Agriculture Department, Karaj, Iran.
3 - Assistant professor, Agriculture Department, Tabarestan Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Sari University of Science, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran.
4 - Islamic Azad University of Karaj, Agriculture Department, Karaj, Iran
5 - Seed and Plant Improvement Research Center, Research Organization, Agricultural Education and Promotion, Karaj, Iran.

Received: 2015-12-05 Accepted : 2017-04-24 Published : 2017-05-22

Keywords: Grain, Gompertz, Logestic, Weed competition.‎,

Abstract :

To investigate the effect of weed interference on the yield and yield components of rice an experiment was conducted in 2014 at Amol and Mahmoudabad cities in Mazandaran. The experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and three replications. Treatments to control weeds were of two types. The first treatment consistsed of controling weeds 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 days after rice transplanting and then weeds interfered with plant during rest of growing season. A whole season weed control was used as check. The second type treatment at weed interference until 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 days after rice transplanting and then weeds were controlled during rest of growing season. A whole season interference treatment was used as a weed infested check. The results of variance analysis showed a significant difference for grain yield in either weed free or weed infested treatments between two places. Weed control and interference (except panicle number and biological yield) significantly affected grain yield, grain numbers per panicle and 1000 grain weight. The highest grain yield (3010.83 kg.ha-1) belonged to weed control during whole growing season and lowest grain yield (2075 kg.ha-1) was obtained from weed infested check. Weed infested check resulted in lower grain yield (by 8.31%), panicle number (by 8.33%) and grains number per panicle (by 10.26%) as compared to the control. The critical period of weed control, based on the amount of 5 and 10 percent of yield losses, were fitted by Gompertz and Logestic regression to weed infested weed free treatments, respectively. The results showed that the critical period of weed control in Mahmoudabad region occurred during the days of 22 to 59 and 27 to 36 (from early to end of tillering) based on 10 and 5 percent of yield loss, respectively. The critical point was calculated to be 32 days after transplanting.Thecritical period for Amol region occurred during days of 15 to 54 and 20 to 37 (from early to end of tillering) based on 10 and 5 percent of yield loss, respectively. The critical point was calculated for day 25 after transplanting. In conclusion, the critical period of weed control seems to begin earlier in Amol than in Mahmoudabad and it also had a longer range.

References:

• Aghaalikhani, M., A. Yadavi, and S.M.A. Modares Sanavi. 2006. Determination of critical period of weed control in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Lordegan. Journal of Agricultural Science. 28: 118-124. (In Persian).

 

• Ahmadi, A., M.H. Rashed Mohasel, M.A. Baghestani Meybodi, and M. Rostami. 2005. Evaluation of the effect of critical period of weed competition on yield, yield components and morpho-physiological traits of bean, Derakhshan cultivar. Pests and Diseases of Plants.1: 31-49. (In Persian).

 

• Amirmoradi, S.H. 2005. Effect of plant density on yield, yield components and some growth indices of rapeseed cultivars. MSc. Thesis. University of Guilan. Iran. (In Persian).

 

• Arshad, M., and M. Akhtar. 2001. Efficiency and economics of integrated weed management in maize. Online Journal of Biological Sciences. 222-223.

 

• Bedmar, F., P. Manetti, and G. Monterubbianesi. 2005. Determination of the critical period of weed control in corn using a thermal basis. Agropecuria.2: 187-193.

 

• Burnside, O.C., M.J. Weinse, B.J. Holder, S. Weisberg, E.A. Ristau, M.M. Johnson and J.H. Cameron. 1998. Critical period for weed control in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Weed Science. 46: 301-306.

 

• Cousins, R., B.N. Peters, and C.J. Marshal. 1998. Models of yield loss-weed density relationships, In: Proceedings of the 7^th International Colloquium on Weed Ecology, Biology and Systematics, pp 367-374. Columa-EWRS, Paris.

 

• Emam, Y. 2001. Sensitivity of grain yield components to plant population density in non-prolific maize (Zea mays) hybrids. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 71: 367-370.

 

• Fozi, N., and N. Jafarzadeh. 2009. The effect of weed control and nitrogen application at different stages on yield and yield components of maize. Journal of Crop Sciences Research. 3(10): 117-130. (In Persian).

 

• Ghanbari Motlagh, M., M. Rastgo, M. Pouryousef, and J. Saba. 2011. The effect of sowing date and weed interference on growth indices of different red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars. Journal of Plant Protection. 25(4). 378-390. (In Persian).

 

• Lemerle, D., B. Verbeek, and B. Orchard. 2001. Ranking the ability of wheat varieties to compete with Lolium rigidum. Weed Research. 41: 197–209.

 

• Lemerle, D., G.S. Gill, C.E. Murphy, S.R. Walker, R.D. Cousens, S. Mokhtari, S.J. Peltzer, R. Coleman, and D.J. Lucknet. 2001. Genetic improvement and agronomy for enhanced wheat competitiveness with weeds. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 52: 527-548.


• Maleki, F., N. Majnon Hoseini, and H. Alizade. 2013. A survey on the effects of weed control treatments and plant density on lentil growth and yield. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 6(2): 135-148. (In Persian).

 

• Mirzaei, R. 2003. Investigation of competition between Zea mays and pigweed in different plant densities. MSc. Thesis. Mashhad Ferdowsi University. (In Persian).

 

• Mohammadi, G.A., F.R. Javaanshir, S.A. Khooie, and S. Zehtab-Salmasi. 2005. Critical period of weed interference in chickpea. Weed Research. 45: 57-63.

 

• Mondani, F., F. Golzardi, G. Ahmaddvand, R. Ghorbani, and R. Moradi. 2011. Influence of weed competition on potato growth, production and radiation use efficiency. Notulae Scientia Biologicae. 3(3):42-52.

 

• Mousavi, M.R. 2009. Integrated management of weeds. Miad Publication. 468pp. (In Persian).

 

• Shahbazi. S. 2009. Investigation of growth indices and sesame cultivars yield in competition with red root pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus). M.Sc. Thesis, Tehran University, 78p. (In Persian).

 

• Shahi, H., B. Mirshekari, A.L.Valadabadi, and A. Dabbagh. 2009. The effect of different interference periods on leaf area index, yield and yield components of maize. Journal of Agricultural Science. 14: 15-26. (In Persian).

 

• Stephen, S.T., C. Mason, A.R. Maryin, D.A. Mortensen, and J.J. Spotanski. 2003. Velvetleaf interference effects on yield and growth of grain sorghum. Agronomy Journal. 95: 1602-1607.

 

• Touré1, A.J., M. Sogbedji, and Y.M. Dieudonné, 2013. The critical period of weed interference in upland rice in northern Guinea savanna: Field measurement and model prediction. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 8(17): 1748-1759.

 

• van Gessel, M.J., and K.A. Renner. 2004. Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) interference in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum). Weed Science. 38: 338-343.

 

• Yousofi, A.E., H.M. Alizadeh, H. Rahimian, and R. Jahansoz. 2007. Investigation of chemical control and hand weeding on broadleaf weeds in waiting sowing of pea. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 37: 337-346. (In Persian).