The Effect of Phosphorus Fertilizer and the Type and Method of Application of Nitrogen Fertilizers on Grain Yield, Phosphorus Agronomic and Water Use Efficiencies of Corn

Subject Areas : Journal of Crop Ecophysiology

Mohammad Karamiam ¹ , Mohammad Ali Aboutalebian ^{2 *}

1 - Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University
2 - Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

Received: 2022-10-24 Accepted : 2023-01-02 Published : 2024-06-21

Keywords: Crop growth rate, Leaf area index, Grain row per ear, Grain yield, Nitrogen.,

Abstract :

The type and application method of nitrogen fertilizers can be effective in improving soil phosphorus uptake, plant growth and yield. Therefore, a three-factor factorial study was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the spring and summer of 2019 in the research and educational farm of Bu-Ali Sina University. The first factor was the type of nitrogen fertilizer with three levels of urea, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate. The second factor was the method of nitrogen fertilizer application with two levels of banding and broadcasting application and the third factor was phosphate fertilizer in two levels of application and non-application. The results showed that in the absence of phosphorus, banding application of ammonium nitrate increased the maximum leaf area index, 1000-grain weight and water use efficiency by 26.8, 29, and 31.3%, respectively. The maximum crop growth rate was increased by 15% with the application of ammonium sulfate and urea compared to ammonium nitrate. In the absence of phosphorus fertilizer, the banding application of ammonium sulfate increased the number of grain rows per ear, biological yield and grain yield. In this study, the harvest index was only affected by the method of ammonium nitrate application. Two fertilizers of urea and ammonium sulfate increased the phosphorus agronomic efficiency by 35% compared to ammonium nitrate, and, banding application of all three nitrogen fertilizers increased the phosphorus agronomic efficiency by 25%. In general, it is recommended in corn cultivation, to band some nitrogen fertilizers especially ammonium sulfate with phosphorus fertilizer.

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