The effect of play therapy on self-esteem and social adjustment of mentally retarded students

Subject Areas : Sport psychology

Hasan Alikhani ¹ , Zahra Ramezani ² , Asieh Mirzaaghajani ³ , Narjes Sayari ⁴

1 - Department of Physical Education, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran
2 - Department of Physical Education, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran
3 - Department of Physical Education, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran
4 - Department of Physical Education, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran

Received: 2023-11-22 Accepted : 2023-12-22 Published : 2023-12-27

Keywords: Intellectual disability, Play therapy, Self-esteem, Social adaptation. ,

Abstract :

Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of play therapy on self-esteem and social adjustment of mentally retarded students. Methods: The research method was of an experimental type with two experimental and control groups with pre-test and post-test. The statistical population included all female students with mental retardation in the elementary school of Rasht city with a population size of 200 people who were studying in the academic year 2022-2023, out of which 30 people were randomly selected in two experimental and control groups by available sampling method. became The tools used in this study were Gresham and Elliott's (1990) social skill rating scale and Cooper Smith's (1967) self-esteem questionnaire, which were used in both groups in the pre-test and post-test stages. In this study, the participants of the experimental group were trained in 8 sessions of 60 minutes, by the method of play therapy, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Data analysis was done by statistical test of covariance with software (SPSS-22). Results: The results of the covariance analysis of post-test scores in self-respect and social adjustment showed a significant difference between the groups (P<0.001). Conclusions: The findings showed that the play therapy method has improved the self-esteem and social adjustment of mentally retarded children. Therefore, it is suggested to integrate play therapy training as one of the solutions for the treatment of communication problems of mentally retarded people in the educational programs of mentally retarded students.

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