Factors affecting livelihood diversity of farmers with wells in the Zanjan township
Subject Areas : Agricultural Extension and Education ResearchVahid Mohammadi 1 , jafar yaghoubi 2
1 - PhD Graduate, Extension and Education of Sustainable Agriculture, area of study: Education of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment, Department of Agricultural Extension, Communication, and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
2 - Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension, Communication, and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
Keywords: livelihood diversity, farmers with agricultural water wells, Zanjan township, groundwater,
Abstract :
Rural areas and the agricultural sector are facing various risks that affect people's livelihoods; therefore, livelihood diversity is necessary. The aim of this research was to identify the factors affecting the livelihood diversity of farmers with water wells in Zanjan township. The statistical population of the research was farmers with water wells in Zanjan township (N = 8017); using Cochran's formula, 367 people were selected as a sample by the cluster sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity was confirmed by researchers in the field of livelihood diversity and its reliability through the calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0.97–0.94). Data analysis was done using SPSS26 software, and central indicators, correlation analysis, and multivariate regression were used. The results showed that the average livelihood diversity index of people based on the Simpson index was 0.13 with a standard deviation of 0.03, which indicates that the farmers had low livelihood diversity. The results of the investigation of the factors affecting the livelihood diversity of farmers using step-by-step linear regression analysis showed that five variables—the amount of actual water yield of a personal well, the amount of garden size, the amount of bureaucracy in issuing licensing for rural workshops, the amount of cultivation of irrigated products, and the amount of inability to buy basic needs—accounted for 78% of the variance of respondents' livelihood diversity. Based on research results, recommended to focus on smallholder farmers in livelihood empowerment programs; facilitate the start-up of non-agricultural businesses for farmers.
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